Solanaceae - dangin heterogeneous ne, gami da kayan lambu masu ciyawa (dankali, tumatur, barkono, eggplant), furanni na ado, ganyayyaki da ganyayyaki masu guba. Guba da ke kunshe cikin yawancin wakilai na iya kashe dattijo, amma ana amfani dashi sau da yawa a cikin aikin hukuma. Factsarin gaskiyar abubuwan ban sha'awa game da daddare - a cikin labarin.
Halin halin dangin Namiji
Solanaceae dangi ne na tsirrai, wanda a cikin 2019 yana da nau'ikan 115 da ƙari iri 2700. Mutane kan ga yawancinsu a kullun: furanni na cikin gida, kayan lambu na yau da kullun, taba da tsire-tsire masu magani.
Wakilai na dare
Wakilai sun kasu gida uku:
- ganye;
- ciyawa (kafaɗa da rarrafe);
- bishiyoyi (Nightshade ko acnistus).
Tare tare da gidan "bindweed" shine keɓaɓɓen oda na dare.
Fasali na tsirrai mara tsayi
Yawancin wakilai suna da ƙanshi mai daɗi. M jinsunan da aka rufe da glandular Kwayoyin kuma exude wani pungent wari.
Mahimmanci! Yawancin Nightshade sun ƙunshi solanine. Wannan abu mai guba mai dangantaka da alkaloids baya haifar da lahani a cikin karamin taro. Matsakaicin adadin yana ƙunshe ne a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa mara kyau tare da kwasfa na kore (tumatir, eggplant, barkono, da sauransu). Don haka, ba za a yi amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa kore da fiɗa don ciyar da dabbobi ba. Yayin maganin zafi, an lalata solanine.
Akwai haɗarin haɗari na alkaloids a cikin hen, dope da belladonna. Guba yana tsokanar zazzabi, ciwon kai, farin ciki, gudawa. Tare da tsawaitawa mai tsawo, aikin glandon thyroid ya rikice, kyallen jikin gabobin narkewa sun lalace, kuma hangen nesa ya yi rauni.
Ayyuka idan ana amfani da guba: kira motar asibiti, sannan a sha ruwa tare da wasu abubuwan sha kuma ke haifar da amai.
Alamar iyalan Namiji
Iyalin suna cikin rukuni na dicotyledons. Wannan yana nuna cewa amfrayo iri iri suna da cocinledons biyu a gefe. Monocotyledonous tsire-tsire, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, suna da rabo ɗaya. Wakilan monocotyledons sun yi kama sosai a halayensu. Solanaceae sun bambanta da juna, amma za'a iya bambance abubuwa da yawa gama gari.
Abubuwan da ke nuna halaye na nishaɗin dare a cikin jigogin kimiyya:
- siffar ganye: m, serrated, tare da incisions ko a cikin hanyar lobes;
- a kasa kuma a tsakiyar ganyen ganyayyaki suna zaune gabaɗaya, a cikin ɓangaren furen-fure - nau'i-nau'i;
- inflorescences sune tsaka-tsaki mai tsayi, sau da yawa tare da watsa furanni;
- kofin sau da yawa yana da ganyayyaki 5, ba sau da yawa - daga 4 zuwa 7;
- whisk na iya zama a cikin hanyar dabaran, saucer, funnel.
Bayyanar cututtuka na yau da kullun
'Ya'yan itacen Solanum
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne berries (barkono, barkono, eggplant, dankali, physalis, da dai sauransu) ko akwatuna (taba, petunia, belladonna, bleach, dope). Kwalaye suna buɗe a kan fikafikan. Tsaba suna da sifar koda, suna da wadataccen furotin.
Inflorescence na Nightshade shuke-shuke
Nau'in inflorescence - curl ko gyrus. Tsarin fure: * H (5) L (5) T5P1. Darajoji:
- calyx yana kunshe da dunbin kabbarori guda biyar;
- Corolla ta ƙunshi petals petals;
- yawan adon da ya dame shi da shi ya zama biyar;
- kwaro daya ne.
Tsarin fure
Itace dangin dare
Sauƙaƙe, lobed, wani lokacin za'a watsa. A kara an shirya alternately. Stipules ba ya nan. Wasu wakilai suna rufe da gashi.
Jerin amfanin gona na Noman dare:
Ganyayyaki masu tsiro
Gidan Namiji, wanda ke da nau'ikan sama da 2,600, ya ƙunshi yawancin tsire-tsire.
- mandrake;
- taba
- eggplant (solanaceous duhu-fruited);
- dankali
- barkono mai ɗaci;
- bushashar dare mai sanyi (wolfberry);
- scopolia;
- ƙarya barkono Nightshade;
- ampelous calibers;
- jasmine nighthade da sauransu
Kayan lambu
Kayan lambu na dare mai bada kayan lambu:
- Kayan dankalin Turawa. Ana cinye 'ya'yan itacen da aka shuka, wanda aka gyara wanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ana cinye shi. A cikin lambuna, dankali ana yada shi ta hanyar amfani da tubers, amma yin amfani da tsaba yana yiwuwa. Fruitan itacen dankalin turawa shine bishiyar fure mai tsire-tsire tare da tsaba a ciki.
- Kwairo. Shuke-shuke daji ne perennial da kuma horar da su ne perennial. Daga ra'ayi na Botanical, 'ya'yan itace masu launin shuɗi shine Berry. Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da 'ya'yan itãcen marmari marasa kyau tare da launin ruwan hoda-violet don abinci. Bayan cikakken ripening, bawan eggplant ya sami launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi, 'ya'yan itacen da kansu kuma ya zama mai tauri da m.
- Capsicum (mai dadi da daci). Kyakkyawan dandano na kayan lambu yana ba caloacin alkaloid.
- Tumatir (tumatir). Kamar yadda yake a baya, 'ya'yan itaciyar sune berries, ba kayan lambu bane.
Ban sha'awa! A cikin 1893, Kotun Koli ta Amurka kan aiwatar da takaddama ta kwastam ta gane tumatir azaman kayan lambu, tunda ba a ci su da kayan zaki.
Sauran abubuwan cin abincin mara abincin da ba na kayan lambu ba:
- Melon Pear. An samo shi a cikin lambuna a Rasha, amma ba a girma akan sikelin masana'antu ba. 'Ya'yan itãcen suna da ɗanɗano mai laushi kuma suna ɗauke da adadin bitamin, abubuwan ƙira da na macro.
- Jiki. Abubuwan halayen Botanical suna kama da tumatir. A cikin CIS, ana yawan samun physalis a cikin kayan kwalliya - ana amfani dashi azaman kayan ado. Hakanan, daga 'ya'yan itãcen marmari waɗanda aka ɓoye a cikin kofuna, zaku iya yin jam ko salting.
Jiki
Na tsire-tsire masu kayan kwalliya na dare
Wannan rukunin ya hada da furanni na cikin gida da na lambun, shukoki da ma creepers. Suna halin manyan furanni masu haske.
Ban sha'awa! Dankali da tumatir na solanaceous an kawo su Turai kamar tsire-tsire na ornamental.
Tsarin tsire-tsire masu ado sun haɗa da tsire-tsire masu yawa.
Petunia
Itataccen tsire-tsire a cikin CIS tare da fure mai lush, wanda yakan ɗauki watanni da yawa. Yana da furanni masu haske tare da aibobi ko ƙananan faci. Asalin shine rawaya ko fari. Sabbin furanni sun fara har sai Oktoba. Otsan buɗe ido suna rataye ƙasa, saboda haka ana amfani da petunia a cikin shimfidar wurare a tsaye.
Sigari mai dadi
Itace tana da ƙananan furanni masu kamshi masu ƙanshi waɗanda ke buɗe bayan faɗuwar rana. Launi - fari ko ruwan hoda mai zafi. Don sigari da sigari, ana amfani da ganyen taba mai ɗauke da ƙamshin nicotine mai yawa.
Sigari mai dadi
Sassannan dare
Mafi dacewa don jerawa kusa da kandami, kamar yadda yake jin daɗi a cikin babban zafi. Yana da ganyayyaki da aka nuna. Bayan fure, siffofin haske masu launin shuɗi zagaye, waɗanda ke jurewa daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Capsicum
Wani sabon gidan mara kyau da aka sani da houseplant. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari -' ya'yan itacen barkono na ja, rawaya, fari, lemo ko shunayya. Suna da dandano mai ƙonewa, kamar yadda suke ɗauke da capsaicin.
Capsicum
Calibrachoa
Itace mai yawan fure. Yana da kamannin kama da na petunia - karrarawa na kowane launuka. A cikin gidajen lambuna zaka iya samun shunayya, taushi da ruwan hoda, peach, rawaya, ja, fararen furanni har ma da haɗuwa mai launi.
Calibrachoa
Tsirrai na daji
Iyalin Nishaɗin sun ƙunshi wakilan al'adu da na daji. Kashi na biyu ya hada da:
- baƙar fata da baƙi;
- bushasharin dare;
- dope talakawa;
- belladonna;
- belena da sauransu
Yawancin Nightshade na daji ne.
Magungunan daji na dangin Namiji
Saboda yawan abubuwan da ke tattare da alkaloids, yawancin yawancin dangin daji suna da guba. Koyaya, an yi amfani da guba cikin nasara ta hanyar magunguna a cikin ƙaramin taro. Misali na tsire-tsire masu guba:
- belladonna;
- taba
- baƙar fata;
- mandrake;
- dope;
- scopolia;
- bushasharin dare;
- baƙar fata da baƙi;
- tsuntsu Nasha
Ba mai guba ba:
- barkono.
Sakamakon alkaloids (hyoscyamine, scopolamine, atropine) ana amfani da su don magance cututtukan gastrointestinal, cututtukan cututtukan peptic, cututtuka na tsarin urinary, fuka, cholecystitis. A cikin magungunan jama'a, ana amfani da tincture da kayan ƙyalli na tushe, ana amfani da foda daga ganyayyaki bushe.
M shuke-shuke nighthade
Tsire-tsire suna bambanta da matsayin guba mai guba da kuma wurin maida hankali. Mafi yawan lamuran daren shaye-shaye sun lissafa a ƙasa.
Belladonna
Sanannen suna: Raging Berry da Rashin barci. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari -' ya'yan itace baƙi mai laushi m dauke da manyan taro na guba. A kashi na mutuwa yara 3 berries. Ga manya - daga 10.
Anesthetizes da sauƙaƙe spasms. Ana amfani da tushen da ganye a bushe ko kuma sabo. A cikin magani na hukuma, inji shine wani ɓangare na Allunan da tinctures, a cikin magungunan jama'a, ana yin kayan ado da damfara daga gare ta. Belladonna yana taimakawa tare da cututtukan ciki, cholecystitis, cutar Parkinson.
Ban sha'awa! 'Yar asalin Belle Belle (Latin Atropa), wacce belladonna ta kasance, ta sami sunan ta ne don girmama tsohuwar allolin Girka na rashin tabbas mutuwar Atropa.
Mandrake
Tsarin tsire-tsire mai banƙyama da aka lalata shi a cikin tatsuniyoyin Turai na tsakiyar ƙarni. Akwai tatsuniyoyi wadanda wannan shuka na iya yin kururuwa kuma da tsawarta zata iya kashe mai rai. Tana da sifofi na dabam - tushenta yayi kama da na mutun. Suna dauke da sikandire - wani nau'in alkaloids ne da ake amfani dashi a likitancin zamani.
Tushen Mandrake
Datura talakawa
Halittar ganye na shekara-shekara wanda ya kasance wani ɓangare na dangin Namiji. M shuka magani. Ana fitar da Hyoscinamine daga ganyayyaki don maganin asma, kuma ƙwayoyin sune tushen atropine, wanda ake amfani dashi don maganin cututtukan cututtukan hanji, hanta, ƙwayar hanji da na urinary. Sanadin da dabbar ta zama mai cutarwa - guba, wacce ke da kaddarorin hallucinogenic. Ana samo shi a cikin mai tushe, tushen da tsaba.
Black belena
Anyi amfani dashi azaman wani ɓangare na Allunan don iska da tashin ruwa. Ana amfani da Rhizomes da kayan ganyayyaki don maganin cututtukan ciki, cututtukan hanta, da matsalolin hangen nesa. Duk sassan tsire-tsire masu guba: furanni, tsaba, mai tushe, ganye, asalinsu. Babban ganuwa mai guba shine ƙarshen bazara.
Ciyar da tsire-tsire na gidan Nordhade
Iyalin za a iya raba daji da tsirrai. Cultured daga daji ta amfani da hanyoyin kimiyya: zaɓi, injiniyan halittu, halittar dabbobi. Abin da ke da dangantaka da al'adun dare
- dankali
- kwai;
- Tumatir
- barkono;
- shan taba sigari.
Sun daɗe suna girma ga mutum don abinci, abincin dabbobi, magani, kayan kwalliya, sigari da sigari.
Solanaceae sune tsire-tsire waɗanda mutane ke haɗu da kullun. Wildan daji da waɗanda aka horar da dangi suna amfana daga haɗakar magunguna da abinci, kuma nau'in kayan ado suna canza gida.
