Kyau da furanni masu tsayi, ƙasa mara nauyi a kan rukunin yanar gizon, kulawa mara misaltuwa da mahimmancin gaske - Waɗannan sune dalilan da yasa yan lambu suka zaɓi balsam don gadajen furanninsu. Kamar kowane al'ada, balsam na lambu yana da fasali a shuka da kulawa, haifuwa, kayan miya. Don cimma kyakkyawan furanni, suna buƙatar sani.
Asali da bayyanar balsamin lambun
Lambun Balsamine na gidan Balsamic ne, asalin halittar mutum ne. Daga Latin, wannan sunan yana fassara a matsayin "ba a taɓa buguwa, ba a iya buguwa da shi." 'Ya'yan itaciyar cikakke na shuka suna buɗewa yayin da aka taɓa su, suna watsar da tsaba a cikin tsararren mita 2.
Lambun Balsam
Halittar ya hada da nau'ikan 500. Irin wannan bambance bambancen da yaduwar shi a yankuna da yawa na duniyar yana sanya wahalar ƙayyade asalin mahaifar fure. Mafi sau da yawa, balsami suna girma a cikin canjin yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi.
Kula! Babban wuraren da suka shafi ci gaban sune Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Asiya, wani yanki na Afirka.
An gano tsire-tsire "waɗanda ba za'a iya hucewa" ba a ƙarni na 17. Bayanan su na farko sun kasance zuwa 1869 kuma sun danganta da nau'ikan da aka samo a Indiya da kuma yankunan Asiya da ke kan iyaka. Yawancin nau'ikan halittar an gano su kuma an rarrabe su a karni na XIX, a lokacin nazarin aiki mai kyau na sasanninta na nesa daga wayewa. Na ƙarshe da za'a gano shine rukuni na ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta daga New Zealand. Wannan kawai ya faru ne a cikin 1989.
Ana ci gaba da fitar da ganyaye a ƙasashen Yammacin Turai ana kiran su Busy Lizzie, kuma a Rasha an yiwa fure mai suna Vanka Wet. Da farko kallo, ba a wata hanya da ke hade da shuka. Irin wannan sunan wanda ba a sani ba yana da alaƙa da sifa mai ban sha'awa: saukad da nau'i mai laushi mai ɗumi akan ganyen ganye. A hankali sai suka taurare suka juye cikin kwallayen sukari.
Da farko, a cikin yanayinmu, ana yin balsami a gida kawai. Amma godiya ga aikin kiwo, iri don gyaran titi sun bayyana. Hakanan ya tashi kamar balsam lambu. Wannan tsire-tsire ne na shekara-shekara, daji tare da fleshy, rassa mai yawa, gangar jikin ganyayyaki. Suna da fasali ɗaya: ba sassauƙa ba, suna rushe sauƙi. Tsawon daji a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 70 cm.
Kula! A cikin ruwan sama ko lokacin hazo, ana shuka plantan itacen daga danshi mai yawa a wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba: saukad da nau'in ruwa mai ganyayyaki.
Saukad da danshi a kan ganyen shuka
Balsamine na titi ya bambanta da ɗakin 'yan uwan juna:
| Jerin sana'a | Tsarin al'ada na bayarwa |
| Masu Ginawa | siginar siginar; safofin hannu PPE na fuska da kunnuwa; wakilan rage yawan girgizawa |
| Direbobi | mittens; kwat da wando; takalmin aminci |
| Motsawa | karin magana; safofin hannu Jaket wando. |
| Ma'aikatan Talla | kerchiefs; safofin hannu rigar wanka |
| Ma'aikatan aikin gona | safofin hannu takalma mittens. |
| Ma'aikatan Wutan lantarki | safofin hannu na musamman; takalmin aminci; gashin kai; saman abinci; riguna na ciki na zafi na kayan wuta. |
Mahimmanci! Ba a samo balsamines lambun Perennial ba. Naman da ke girma akan gadajen fure sune fure na shekara-shekara.
Bayanin fure balsam
Buds da furanni suna buɗewa daga gindin ganye. Furanni suna da girma dabam da kuma alamu daban-daban, gwargwadon nau'ikan. Bambancin launin launi na fure - daga fari zuwa ga maroon. Mafi na kowa ne ruwan hoda da shunayya. A cikin hybrids, petals na iya zama terry.
Mahimmanci! Abubuwan launuka masu launin shuɗi da rawaya na fure a cikin lambu ba su rayuwa.
Flow a cikin filin budewa ya rufe kusan dukkanin lokacin girma, yana faduwa akan lokacin daga Mayu zuwa ƙarshen Satumba.
Iri da nau'ikan balsam don namo waje
Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan balsamin na lambu a Turai, ba su da yawa. Tsire-tsire suna bambanta da launi na furanni, tsari, siffar. Akwai wasu wurare masu kama da camellias, wardi, carnations.
Tom Tamb
Karamin m bushes tare da tsawo na 25 zuwa 40 cm. Banbancin yana bambanta ta fuskoki daban-daban na fure da lokacin fure. Furen furanni, a cikin adadi mai yawa yana rufe bushes a watan Yuni kuma ya kasance, yana musanya juna har zuwa watan Satumba. Kuma idan yawan zafin jiki na iska ya ba da damar, to Tom Tamb yana fure har zuwa tsakiyar Oktoba. Fi son dan kadan girgiza yankunan, haske m kasa. A irin wannan yanayi, ya ba mafi girma da kuma yalwatacce fure. Abu ne mai sauki mu kula da shi.
Bambancin Tom Tamb
Iron Balzamin
Sunan "baƙin ƙarfe" an bayyana shi ta gaban glandon na musamman, gidajen abinci masu yawa waɗanda suke a gindin faranti na ganye. Harbe na shekara-shekara suna da santsi, suna kaiwa 50 cm a tsayi. Ganyen yana da haske kore, oval, kimanin cm 15. Furen an haɗe shi zuwa ɗakun shinge-goge. Launinsu na iya zama ruwan hoda, mai haske mai haske, inuwa mai ruwan inuwa.
Mahimmanci! Rashin kyawun wannan nau'in shine cewa tsawon lokaci zai iya juyawa cikin ciyawa.
Balsam Hawker
Mahalli na yau da kullun na wannan nau'in shine New Guinea, Islands Islands. Masana kimiyyar botanists ne suka gano shi a shekarar 1884. Siffofin girma-daji ba su da tushe a matsayin al'adun gargajiyar Turai. Koyaya, a kan ka'idodinsu, an gudanar da babban aiki don samar da nau'ikan matasan.
Kyakkyawan fasalin Horser na balsam shine manyan furanni na kyawawan launuka masu launin shuɗi tare da daskararren farin ciki. Ganyayyaki suna ellipsoid, kore, tare da jijiyoyin beige.
Manyan itacen balsam
Wurin haifuwar nau'in halittar shine Sri Lanka. Ana yaba da ta hanyar lambu, yana ƙara zama sananne saboda manyan furanni. Dansandan su ya kai cm 6. Kuma launi ya bambanta: fari, ruwan hoda, mai launin ja, kifin kifi, shunayya. An kuma haɓaka nau'ikan launuka masu launi biyu. Sakamakon gaskiyar cewa sabon fure suna yin kullun kuma suna fure, sakamakon fure na dogon lokaci yana faruwa. Yana ƙare kawai tare da farkon sanyi.
Bush-dimbin yawa shuka, da yawa an rufe shi da ganye. Tsawonta da ƙwanƙinta ya kai cm 30. Fuskokin ganye masu duhu ne, masu tokare. Kusan furanni da yawa sun ɓoye su.
Manyan itacen balsam
Naɗaɗɗar iska
Daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba a cika gani ba. Plantsan ƙananan tsire-tsire suna da launi mara kyau na mai tushe - launin ruwan kasa. A kan bango na baya, inuwa mai launin zinare yana da banbanci. A Rasha, wannan tsire-tsire har yanzu ragin ne.
Rashin haƙuri balsamic
Shahararren nau'in halitta wanda asalinsa shine Bengal. A wannan yankin, ana shuka shuka ba mai yawa don dalilai na kayan ado, amma a matsayin kayan abinci ne don abinci. Wannan ciyawar shekara ce mai tsayi tare da madaidaiciyar kara 25-45 cm tsayi, lanceolate, faranti masu kunkuntar filayen da ke da cunkoso.
Furanni suna da yawa, ana yinsu akan gajerun furenn, 'yan ƙanana a kowane kirji na ganyayyaki. Diamita na furanni kusan 3 cm, kuma launi ruwan hoda ne ko launin shuɗi-fari. Wasu nau'ikan suna da fure na fure.
Kula! 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne kamar kwalaye masu siffa-kwalaye. Lokacin fure yana daga Yuli zuwa Agusta. A watan Satumba na, 'ya'yan itãcen sun hau.
Balsam Camellia
A camellia iri-iri samu sunan ta da kama da siffar furanni da real camellias. Inuwarsu ta fara daga launin shuɗi zuwa ruwan hoda da fari. An rufe daji da ganye da yawa da furanni masu hade. Girman su kusan 5 cm.
Nau'in Camellia yana da zafi sosai, ba ya rayuwa a yanayin zafi. Kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai budewa, ana shuka ƙwayar shuka a cikin kyakkyawan hasken wutar lantarki. Ba tare da haske ba, tsirrai suna ba da kibiyoyi. Fulawa yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuni.
Balsam Carmelita
Tushen nau'ikan Carmelita sun tashi 70 cm sama da ƙasa. tsire-tsire suna da siffar dala. Gashi mai tushe, amma mai saurin fashewa, ya kakkarye, saboda haka ana samun kariya daga iska mai karfi. Furen furanni, wanda yakai cm 4 zuwa girman su .. Siffar su shine suturar raƙumi, launin kuma daga shunayya zuwa fari. Na farko buds bude a watan Yuni. Hurawa baya tsayawa sai Satumba.
A iri-iri ne sosai thermophilic kuma amsa duk wani canje-canje zazzabi. Ana shuka 'yan itacen a buɗe ƙasa a ƙarshen Mayu - farkon watan Yuni.
Carmelita iri-iri
Balsam Fashionista
Babban haskaka iri-iri shi ne canza launi. Toneaukar sa biyu, mai haske mai haske tare da fararen fure a cikin siffar camellias baya kasancewa a bayyane a cikin fure. Suna fure a cikin sinuses na kowane ganye. Shuka kanta ya yi daidai, 40-50 cm tsayi Mai launi tana da yawa. Don daji samu kyakkyawan tsari, tsunkule shi.
Furen fure ne mai hoto da zafi, amma yana iya girma a cikin karamin inuwa. Yana son ƙasa mai sauƙi na ƙasa. Zan iya kasancewa sabo a yanka na dogon lokaci.
Akwai sauran nau'ikan: Waller balsam, Sabon Guinean, terry, ƙananan-mai ƙarfi.
Dasa bishiyar balsam a cikin ƙasa buɗe
Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shuki bishiyar ciyawa a cikin ƙasa shine Mayu. A wannan watan, a yawancin yankuna, barazanar bazara mai guba wacce zata iya lalata seedlings zata wuce.
Abin da kuke buƙata don saukowa
Kafin dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, wajibi ne don shirya ƙasa. Tsire-tsire suna fi son sako-sako da ƙasa, ƙasa mai daushin ƙasa.
Mahimmanci! Eterayyade acidity na ƙasa a gida ta amfani da jiko na ganye currant. Idan, lokacin da aka ƙara ƙaramin adadin ƙasa akan shi, ya zama ja, ƙasa tana acidic. Idan maganin yana canza launin shudi - dan kadan acidic, kuma idan greenish - tsaka tsaki.
Rijiyoyin don shuki ya kamata ya yi girman girman daidai kamar kwantena tare da seedlings don haka lokacin da dasa tushen ƙuƙwalwar ƙwayar seedlings ba ya zurfi. Pouredan ƙaramin adadin ganiman magudanan ruwa an zuba su a gindin kowace rijiya.
Canasa za a iya zubar a gaba tare da fungicide, ciyar da stale taki, moisten.
Zabi mafi kyawun wuri
Balsam yana buƙatar kariya daga iska mai ƙarfi da hasken rana kai tsaye, saboda wanda ya fara bushewa, ya juya ganye. Furannin furanni ana shuka su ne tare da shinge, kusa da bishiyoyi. Hakanan zaka iya samun nasarar shuka su a cikin akwatunan lambu da tukwane.
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun lura cewa tsire-tsire suna jin mafi kyau a ɓangarorin yamma da na gabas na makircin. A kan gadajen furanni, ana haɗuwa da bals tare da kowane iri. Amma mafi kyawun maƙwabta don masu amfani sune begonias, fuchsias, da verbena.
Dasa shuka
Mataki-mataki ƙasa saukowa
Don sanin ko shuka zata dauki tushe a cikin bude ko kuma zai bunkasa cikin sauri, an cire shi daga cikin akwati germination kuma ana tantance halin tushen tsarin, idan turbaya ta shiga fari, sai a dasa seedling a titi. Saukowa
- Tsire-tsire, tare da dunƙulewar ƙurar ƙasa, ana shimfiɗa su a cikin ramuka.
- An yi su a nesa na 25-30 cm daga juna, tun da bushes na lambun balsam suna girma da sauri.
- Yayyafa ƙasa, ɗauka da sauƙi a latsa.
- Ku ciyar da yawan ruwa.
Landings suna mulched da sawdust. Wannan yana hana bushewa daga cikin kasar gona da lalata tushen sa'ilin lokacin ban ruwa, tare da samar da damar iska a cikin tushen tushen da kuma hana ci gaban sako.
Yaduwa da balsam
Sinadarai masu sauki suna da sauƙin haifarwa. Don ƙirƙirar tarin nasu, yan lambu bawai kawai suke girbe tsaba ba, har ma suna raba yankan. Duk hanyoyin suna ba da kyakkyawan sakamako.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Don yanke girbi, an zaɓi mafi tsayi harbe. The fi fi yanke da kaifi wuka ko ruwa. Tsawon katako ya zama cm 10-12. An cire ƙananan ganye daga gare su. Tushen nodes daga baya samar a kan danda nodes.
Kula! Partsasan sassan ɓoyayyen ana nutsar da su cikin ruwa a zazzabi a ɗakin. Bayan kwana 10, tushen sa. Ana iya dasa tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa.
Noma
An sayi tsaba Germination a cikin shaguna na musamman ko tattara daga tsire-tsire na fure. Wannan hanyar haifuwa tana da hasara da yawa:
- swanin cuwa-cuwa koyaushe ba sa gadon dukiyoyin iyayen yara ne;
- tsaba da aka tattara daga 'ya'yan itacen akwatin marasa kan gado suna da ƙarancin tsiro.
Don girma fure daga tsaba, abubuwan ƙasa masu zuwa sun dace:
- perlite, takin, humus, Turf a daidai adadin;
- peat tare da yashi, takarda ƙasa a cikin gwargwadon 1: 2.
Balsam Tom Tamb Seed
Tsaba don seedlings ana shuka shi a watan Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Matakan Aiki:
- Tsaba suna soaked na minti 10 a cikin rauni mai rauni na potassiumganganate, sannan ya rage tsawon minti 30 a cikin ruwa mai ɗumi.
- Soilasa a cikin akwati ta sauka.
- Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 4-5 mm. Yayyafa tare da yashi na bakin ciki.
- An rufe akwati tare da fim ko gilashi don kula da danshi.
- Bayar da yanayin zafin jiki + 24-260 C.
- Ana saukar da filaye kowace rana. Lingsaredan da ke ɗaukar tsirrai suna sanya tsire-tsire masu tsayayya wa cuta.
- Bayan 'ya'yan fari na farko sun bayyana, sun tsara fitila ta baya don kada sprouts ɗin su shimfiɗa.
- Kamar yadda ya cancanta, ƙasa ta jika.
- Bayan bayyanar ganye na ainihi na uku, ana shuka ƙwayar shuka.
Kula da balsam a cikin ciyawar fure
Yawancin lambu suna farin cikin shuka balsam a cikin yankuna, namowa da kulawa suna buƙatar mafi ƙarancin lokaci. Hankali ya ƙunshi lokacin sha da ciyawar.
Yanayin Watering
Shayar da taɓawa da yalwa. Ana kwararar rafi na ruwa daidai ƙarƙashin daji domin danshi kada ya faɗi akan fure da furanni. Don ban ruwa amfani da ruwa zauna.
Kula! A cikin yanayi mai zafi, bushe, ana fesa tsire-tsire daga bindigar fesa. Yi wannan domin danshi ya faɗi akan ganye kawai. Ana yin feshin abubuwa sau biyu a rana, da safe da maraice. Bayan ruwa, ana bada shawara don sakin ƙasa.
Lush fure miya
Ana amfani da takin zamani sau biyu a mako, tare da ruwa. Yaran tsire-tsire suna ciyar da mahallin nitrogen. Suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar taro na kore. Haɗewa tare da phosphorus da potassium sun dace da furannin lush. A ƙarshen bazara, an daina ciyar da abinci.
Kyakkyawan furanni na balsami a cikin lambun yana buɗe damar da yawa don ƙirƙirar gadaje na fure mai ban mamaki, iyakoki, lawns, furannin furanni. Yawancin launuka da launuka suna ba ku damar neman aikace-aikacen da suka dace na shekara-shekara a cikin ƙasar.
