Furen guzmania ya fito ne daga gandun daji, ana rarrabe shi da dogon ganye mai duhu wanda yake haifar da rosette, saboda babu tushe. Braararraki masu haske waɗanda ke fitowa daga cibiyar suma suna jan hankalin. Suna jin daɗin ido har tsawon watanni biyar, wanda ke ba furen cikin fara'a ta musamman. Guzmania shine zaɓi na gama gari don ofisoshin shimfidar wurare, gidaje saboda kyawun bayyanar da ƙamshi da rashin bayyana shi.
Guzmania (gusmania): kulawar gida
Furanni na cikin gida na Tropical saboda yanayin thermophilic suna buƙatar tabbatarwa a zazzabi na 17-20 ° C. Guzmania bai yarda da zane ba, buɗe hasken rana, yana fifita abun ciki cikin hasken yanayi. Don kula da ingantaccen yanayi, haka ma wajibi ne don samar da daidaitaccen shayarwa da laima. Kuna iya siyan tukunyar da aka shirya ko dasa shuki daga shuka uwa.
Fitowar guzmania
Kulawar Fitsari
An dasa tsire a cikin fure don makonni 15-17, saboda haka wannan matakin yana da mahimmanci musamman. A yanayi, fure yakan zauna a jikin bishiyar sauran bishiyoyi, yana karɓar abinci daga gare su. Yana nufin epiphytes, wato, yana karɓar danshi daga iska. Lokacin fure yana farawa ne a cikin shuka bayan shekaru 3-4 daga farkon girma.
Zazzabi da zafi
Guzmania, kulawa ta gida a lokacin aiki, wanda aka rarrabe ta da buƙatu don yawan zafin jiki da zafi, za su yi farin ciki a ƙarshen tare da fure. Lokacin da farkon farkon fure ya buɗe, sigar farko ba ta zama ƙasa da 25 ° C ba. Kai tsaye yayin lokacin aiki, za a iya rage zafin jiki zuwa 20 ° C.
Ana bayar da zafi ta hanyar ban ruwa yau da kullun tare da daskararren matattara ko ruwa. Ya kamata a guji ɓoye yankin don kar a rage lokacin furanni. An sanya tukunyar ruwa a kusa da tukunyar don inganta tushen isasshen jirgi.
Mahimmanci! A sama da dakin zazzabi, da more zafi ya kamata.
Yadda ake shayar da furanni na guzmania na cikin gida
Ruwa bai kamata yayi sanyi ba, saboda haka dole a kare shi a gaba. Yayin lokacin dumi, kasar gona ya kamata ya zama mai laushi, amma kada ruwa ya ɓaci cikin sump ɗin. A lokacin rani, ciyar da shayarwa gusmania ya fi kyau a tsakiyar mafita. A matsayinka na mai mulkin, sha sau ɗaya a mako ya isa.
Tsire-tsire na cikin gida, kamar guzmania, suna da hankali ga kasancewar lemun tsami da sinadarin chlorine a cikin ruwa, don haka dole ne a tsabtace shi. Yayinda ruwan yake shiga cikin substrate, an kara shi. Sau biyu a wata, ruwan daga waje ake diban ruwan an maye shi da wani sabo.
Manyan miya
Ya isa a ciyar da gusmania sau ɗaya a kowane mako 3-4. Don abinci mai gina jiki, ya kamata ka zaɓi zaɓuɓɓuka waɗanda aka tsara don dangin Bromeliad, tare da ƙarancin abun ciki na nitrogen, ba tare da phosphate da nitrate ba. Lokacin narke taki, kuna buƙatar amfani da sashi sau 2 ƙasa da yadda aka nuna a umarnin.
Sau nawa ne guzmania ya yi fure
Shuka tayi fure sau daya a rayuwa, sannan ta mutu. Guzmania kiwo yana faruwa ta hanyar dasa ƙwayar 'ya mace. An rabu da su, bayan lokacin da aka tsara tare da kulawa ta dace, sun yi fure. Yawancin lokaci yana ɗaukar shekaru 3-4 daga farkon girma.
Guzmania yana fure 1 lokaci bayan shekaru 3-4 daga dasa
Mai kulawa mara kyau
Yadda za a kula da guzmania na ado ya dogara da lokacin shekara. Babu wani lokacin bayyananne a fili; Mai watsa shiri yana haifar da shi da gangan kamar yadda saurin hasken rana yake raguwa. A lokacin, da shuka ba ya bukatar aiki kula da m watering.
Yanayin Watering
A lokacin tilasta dormant zamani, wanda yana daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, watering rage zuwa 1 lokaci a cikin makonni biyu. Ruwa yana buƙatar kare shi, amma ba a cire tukunya daga wuri mai haske ba. Idan ya cancanta, al'adar ta samar da hasken wakar mutum na tsawon awanni 7-8. Ba a amfani da yaduwa da ciyarwa.
Yanayin Zazzabi
A lokacin sanyi, za a iya rage zafin jiki zuwa 18-20 ° C. A takaice lokacin gusmania na iya jurewa har zuwa 13 ° C, amma a karkashin irin wannan yanayi yana da matuƙar ƙin yarda cewa zai ƙi yin fure ko kuma barin ciyayi.
Guzmania dashi a gida
A matsayinka na mai mulki, an sayi tsire-tsire riga mai fure, don haka baka buƙatar dasa shi nan da nan. Bayan haka, a ƙarshen lokacin aiki, an canja wurin juyawa zuwa babban akwati mai kauri (diamita da ta dace da kusan 15 cm). Soilasa ta ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa:
- peat;
- humus;
- m yashi;
- Turf;
- loam.
Domin kada ya rikici tare da zaɓi na abun da ke ciki, yana da kyau ku sayi shirye da aka yi don nau'in bromeliad, madadin ita ce ƙasa don orchids. A kasan tanki, sanya Layer magudana a ¼ girman (2-4 cm). Kamar yadda ake amfani da shards daga tukunyar yumɓu, manyan duwatsu. Saboda wannan, Tushen suna samun iska, ba suyi birgewa ba, kar riƙe danshi da ya wuce kima.
Idan shuka ta shiga ɗakin kafin fure, to za a iya watsa ta kafin lokacin ciyayi yayin bayyanar mai, sannan kuma idan tukunyar jigilar kayayyaki tayi ƙanana. Canja ƙasa inda fure ya girma, kuna buƙatar kowane shekaru 2-3, ko kuma idan an cika ƙasa.
Shuka dasa ta hanyar rarraba mahaifiyar daji
Idan kuna buƙatar dasa shuka da ke gudana a cikin babban akwati, to, an cire shi daga tsohuwar fure, an girgiza ƙasa daga tushen kuma an yayyafa shi da ƙasa a cikin sabon tukunya.
Guzmania kiwo
Girma fure yana ɗaukar hanyoyi da yawa na samun zuriya:
- ta hanyar rarraba tsohuwar daji;
- daga tsaba;
- a lokacin da yara zauna.
A cikin axils na ganye, harbe suna bayyana a hankali. Lokacin da suka kai tsawo na santimita da yawa, kuna buƙatar tura ƙwayar da ke kewaye da ita, bijirar "jaririn". Rage harbe har da faruwa da wuka mai kaifi. Wurin da rabuwa ya faru ana kula dashi da lambun var. Za a iya saukar da tsiro zuwa cikin gilashin ruwa mai ɗumi wanda ke narke carbon daskararre. Bayan kwanaki 5-7, ya ɗauki tushe. Lokacin da yawa, zaka iya tushen harbi a cikin ƙasa.
Yayinda 'yar ta girma, tana birgima tare da tushen tushen tsarin mutum. Lokacin da tsawon kowane tsari ya kai 2 cm, za'a iya rabasu.
Otsan buɗe ido suna buƙatar dasawa zuwa cikin substrate wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda yashi, haushi da ciyawa. Yana buƙatar zazzabi mai zafi (26-28 ° C) da hula wanda ke rufe sarari.
Juyin Halba wata hanya ce da ta fi yaduwa girma fiye da iri. Hanya ta biyu tsari ne mai tsawo da aiki. Yana nuna tushen a cikin ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi cakuda peat da yashi. A Hauwa na dasa, an shuka tsaba a cikin wani rauni bayani na potassium permanganate. Bayan haka sun bushe, an shimfiɗa su a ƙasa, ba tare da latsawa ba. Godiya ga wannan, tsaba na iya samun hasken rana koyaushe.
Germination yana buƙatar zazzabi na 22-24 ° C, feshi da samun iska. Kafin kwayar cutar ta bayyana, aƙalla kwanaki 20 dole su shude. Harbi na buƙatar ruwa bayan watanni 2, suna buƙatar a dasa su cikin watanni shida.
Mahimmanci! Irin wannan daji yakan fara fitar da furanni bayan shekara 5.
Cutar Guzmania
Idan kuna bin duk shawarwarin don kulawa da guzmania, to, zai girma cikin lokaci, fure da kuma farin ciki da sababbin harbe. Amma a wasu lokuta, shuka ya fara tsufa, wanda akwai dalilai da yawa:
- yawan wuce haddi;
- naman gwari yadawa;
- kunar rana a jiki;
- ba daidai ba zaɓi na ruwa don ban ruwa;
- rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
Na farko an tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa a cikin tsakiyar takarda an wrinkled, duhu aibobi sun bayyana, ruwa ya zauna a cikin kwanon rufi, ma'adinan rigar yana da kyau.
Cutar Guzmania, bayyanuwar waje
Idan naman gwari ya tafi tare da tsiron, to kuwa an rufe ganyen tare da launin toka. Abubuwan da ke haifar da yaduwar ƙwayoyin cuta suna da yawan zafin jiki da zafi a cikin ɗakin.
Idan akwai launin toka a farfajiya, wannan yana nuna cewa furen yana tsayawa a wuri mai zafin rana sai ya ƙone. Nasihun ganyayyaki sun bushe idan aka shayar da shuka da ruwa mai tsafta ko ruwan sanyi, ba tare da tsayar da shi ba.
Idan guzmania ya sami ƙarancin amfani, to, ta daina sakin daughteran mata. Idan ganyayyaki masu laushi, to ba ta da isasshen zafi. Wasu daga cikin wadannan matsalolin ana cire su ta hanyar amfani da wasu hanyoyin magunguna na musamman, wasu a matsayin kawarda abubuwanda suke haifar da illa. Wata matsalar damuwa da yan lambu ke yiwa kwari. Akwai nau'ikan kwari da yawa waɗanda ke harba epiphytes.
Kula! Bayan fure, harbin uwayen ya mutu. Wannan tsari ne na halitta wanda baya dogaro da kwarewar kulawa.
Ana iya zargin lalata kwaro saboda dalilai da yawa:
- ganyen ya zama ya lullube da launin shuɗi, sannan kuma ya zama gaba ɗaya ya zama ja ya faɗi;
- idan tsiro yana da filayen rubutu na launin ruwan kasa;
- mai kuzari mai haske da kyau.
Waɗannan sune mafi yawan abubuwan da ake amfani da su na kwari na shuka. A magana ta farko, muna magana ne game da gizo-gizo gizo-gizo. Zaku iya kawar dashi ta hanyar magance tsirarwar tare da maganin sabulu mai wanki.
Bayyanar launuka launin ruwan kasa suna nuna rashin nasara na ma'aunin bromeliad. An girbe shi da hannu, sannan an kula da fure tare da maganin kashe kwari wanda ya dace da nau'in gida.
Idan za'a iya ganin farin falle a saman ganyen, to, waɗannan alamun alamun girma ne na mealybug. Furanni suna buƙatar kulawa da su tare da mafita na actara, actellica, bankola.
Guzmania Mix, oraramin, Tempo: yadda za a kula a gida
Yawancin nau'in tsire-tsire ba su sami damar yin nasara a gida ba. Wanne iri-iri don zaɓar ya dogara da zaɓin mutum na grower. Mafi sau da yawa a cikin shagon zaka iya samun kamar Guzmania Mix, Minaramin, Tempo. Na farko iri-iri an ƙirƙira shi ne ta hanyar shayarwa, don haka ya haɗu da halaye na nau'ikan tsire-tsire da yawa. Guzmania Mix ba shi da siffofin kulawar gida. Furen da aka shuka shine ja, launin rawaya ko burgundy. Yaduwa kawai da tsaba, a farashi mai tsada fiye da sauran nau'in, shine 500-2000 rubles *.
Fitowar Guzmania Mix
Zarancin Guzmania orananan - samfurin keɓance nau'in shuka mai shuka. Yana da sananne ga ƙarancin girma har zuwa 25 cm, da ƙananan launinta. Saman shine mai launin ja, ciki wanda farin tsakiya yake, yafice sama da mashigar.
Guzmania Tempo yayi kama da orarami, amma ya bambanta a cikin babban ɗakuna, dogayen ganyayyaki masu launin koren haske da farar fata. Ga waɗannan nau'ikan, shawarwarin kulawa na gaba ɗaya sun dace.
Guzmania Ostara da Amaretto
An bambanta aji na biyu ta hanyar harbe 30-50 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki sun kasance kunkuntar, ba babba. Amincewa da tsayi, launi mai haske. Wannan kwaro ne da aka samo daga wasu nau'ikan biyu.
Bambancin Amaretto ne kawai suke yaduwa ta hanyar shuka ne kawai. Yana nufin nau'in reeda. Tsawon tsirran ya kai cm 45. Furannin furanni na iya zama ruwan hoda ko ja. Flowering fara daga baya fiye da sauran iri - a watan Fabrairu ko Maris.
A cikin duka, an san nau'ikan guzmania guda 130, waɗanda nau'ikan cikin gida suke zaɓaɓɓu, waɗanda suka girma har zuwa watanni biyar, bayan haka mahaifa mutum ya mutu, yana barin abubuwa da yawa. Komawa zuwa yanayin ingantaccen yanayi, baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, kodayake yana daɗaɗɗa da ingancin ruwa. Yana jan hankali tare da bayyanar saboda rashi na pineal, wanda ke da launi daga launin rawaya zuwa burgundy.
* Farashin suna don Yuli, 2019.
