Aucuba - kulawa ta gida, hoto

Aucuba ko Itaciyar Gwal (Aucuba) - m shuka Shekaru da yawa yana jawo hankalin masu yawon bude ido a Gabashin Asiya saboda bayyanar sa. Lokacin da ya yiwu a cire mace daga Japan, bayan bayyanar 'ya'yan itaciya a kanta, mutane sun fahimci cewa itacen oak na dioecious shuka ne. Ya ɗauki ɗan itacen daji don yada shuka a duniya.

Hardy subtropical shuka zai iya wanzu har ma a cikin zurfin inuwa na gandun daji. Akwai nau'ikan 8 da suka zama ruwan dare gama gari a China, Japan, Korea, da Himalayas. An riga an daidaita daji mai koren furanni tare da furanni masu launin ja don narkar da gidaje. Mafi mashahuri nau'in shuka shine Aucuba na Jafananci.

Itace Aucuba mai ratsin shuɗi a kan fure mai launin fata yawanci itace kore ne wanda zai iya kaiwa tsawon mita 3-4. A lokacin furanni, babu rubutu da ƙananan furanni suna bayyana tare da filayen launuka na launin shuɗi ko shuɗi. Yawan tsiro ya yi girma, a kowace shekara tsayin tsutsa yana ƙaruwa zuwa 20 cm. Tsawon shekarun tsiro a cikin tukunya na iya zama har zuwa shekaru 10 ko fiye.

Dukiya mai amfani

Daga cikin kyawawan kaddarorin:

• tsarkake iska daga cutarwa masu cutarwa;
• lura da ƙonewa, ƙanƙarar sanyi, ciwace-ciwacen kumburi, bruising, akan jiki;
• rauni jiyya.

Yana hana mummunan kuzari na mutane, ana la'akari da itaciya don kyautata rayuwar iyali. An dauki fure fure a matsayin mascot na gida a China, Korea da Japan, kuma kwanannan a wasu kasashe da yawa.

Siffofin girma a gida. A takaice

Aucuba a gida ba shi da ma'ana. Koyaya, har yanzu ana buƙatar wasu kula da wannan shuka:

Kula da Aucuba a gida. Daki-daki

Saukowa

Ana amfani da cakuda ƙasa, peat da yashi don shuka shuki. Don dasawa da tsire-tsire na manya, kuna buƙatar zaɓi hanyar jingina cikin wani akwati kuma kuyi shi da kyau.

Kuna buƙatar dasa yankan a cakuda yashi-peat ko yashi mai tsabta a faɗuwar rana a cikin hunturu ko farkon bazara. Ya kamata a kiyaye zafin jiki a matakin 20-22 ° C.

Gudun ruwa

Kyakkyawan bayyanar aucube ƙirƙiri manyan, masu haske, koren ganye. Idan aucuba tayi girma a gida, zata iya yin tazara lokaci-lokaci. A wannan lokacin, inflorescences apical yawanci launin ja, rashin tsoro, launin launi yana bayyana. Shades hada daidai tare da cikakken kore-rawaya ganye.

Idan a cikin dakin akwai mutane na shuka, mace da namiji, to, bayan fure ja 'ya'yan itacen da siffar elongated zai bayyana, da ɗan abin tunawa da barberry. Lokaci mai gudana ya ƙare a ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara. Wasu ma suna amfani da waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa ja a dafa abinci da kuma maganin gargajiya.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Aucuba na gida zai yi girma sosai lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance 18-20 ° C a kaka da kuma bazara, 10-14 ° C a cikin hunturu. Matsayi mai zafi zai ta da zubar da ciyawar daji. A lokacin rani, zaku iya sanya shuka a cikin tukunya a waje, amma a lokaci guda kuna buƙatar kare shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma ruwan sama mai yiwu.

Fesa

Furen Aucub a gida yana buƙatar yayyafa shi a cikin lokacin sanyi, lokacin da masu wuta da wasu kayan aiki ke bushe iska a gida, ana kunna dumama a tsakiya. Idan ana kiyaye yawan zafin jiki na dakin, to ya kamata a zartar da wani abu mai ma'ana tare da daidaito cikin iyakatacce, in ba haka ba wannan zai haifar da bayyanar da yaduwar masana'anta.

A wasu lokutan, zaku iya mantawa game da fesa ruwa aucuba, babu buƙatar wannan aikin.

Haske

Sanya tukunya kusa da taga na kudu yana taka tsan-tsan. Yana haɓaka ko da a cikin ƙananan yanayin haske, amma ba tare da haske wannan tsari yana ragewa ba. Wadancan nau'ikan da suke da fure mai duhu kore zasu iya kwanciyar hankali koda a inuwa mai dorewa.

Watse

Ya kamata a samar da ruwa mai yawa don fure a watan Mayu da kuma lokacin bazara. Wajibi ne a bayar da ruwa ga shuka lokacin da kasan ta fara bushewa.

A cikin lokacin sanyi da kaka, shuka ba zai buƙaci yawan shayarwa ba. Wuce kima a cikin ƙasa yana haifar da duhu daga cikin ganyen shuka, lalata yanayin su.

Wiwi

Kula da Aucuba yana buƙatar musamman kuma cikakke, to, zata iya rayuwarta gabaɗaya a cikin tukunya guda. Sabili da haka, ana iya dasa shi nan da nan a cikin babban tukunya.

Idan aka zaɓi tukunyar matsakaici ko ƙarami, to, a tsawon lokaci yawancin tsararren tsire-tsire zai tsoma baki tare da rayuwa mai daɗi.

Sabili da haka, ba za a iya guje wa masu sauya sheka a cikin wannan yanayin ba. Idan kun zaɓi zaɓi tukunya mai fadi sosai, kuna buƙatar tabbatar da cewa an sanye shi da kyawawan magudanar ruwa.

Kasar

Don ƙirƙirar ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar daidai gwargwado turf ƙasa, yashi mai laushi, perlite, rigar peat ko humus. Hakanan wajibi ne don samar da ramuka da magudanar ruwa a cikin tukunyar.

Taki da taki

Ana yin suturar fure ta gida tare da shayarwa daga farkon bazara zuwa Agusta. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar takin ma'adinai a cikin daidaitaccen taro. Lura da gwargwadon da aka nuna kan kunshin mai ƙirar. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ba kwa buƙatar sama-sama da shuka, tunda wannan lokacin na shekara ana ɗaukar mafarki ne a gare shi.

Idan babu isasshen takin zamani da kayan miya, ƙananan ganye zasu bayyana akan mai tushe da rassa.

Juyawa

Replant tsire-tsire aucuba a gida kana buƙatar kowace shekara don kai shekaru 5. Hakanan ana jujjuya hanya kamar yadda ake bukata, idan tushen ya daina dacewa a tukunyar. Bayan ya kai shekara biyar, babu bukatar yin kwayar cutar.

Don aiwatar da wannan hanyar daidai, ya kamata a saka matatar ruwa a ƙasan tukunyar. Wannan zai kawar da danshi mai danshi da ke cutar da shuka. To, yana da wahala a rubuta ƙasa daga daidai adadin peat, ƙasa takardar, yashi. Har yanzu ana iya shirya ƙasa daga turf da takarda ƙasa, humus, yashi, peat. A hankali sosai kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tushen tushen aucuba yayin dasawa. Kwakwalwarta tana da yawan gaske da kuma kyan gani.

Mai jan tsami

A watan Maris, ya wajaba a datsa da kuma yanke kananan harbe. Wannan hanya ce ta ba da izinin shuka don samar da ciyawa, koda kambi. Bayan pruning, matasa harbe za a iya amfani dashi don haifuwa.

Lokacin hutawa

Lokacin hutawa don shuka aucuba yana farawa ne a tsakiyar kaka kuma ya kasance har zuwa tsakiyar lokacin hunturu. Daga Oktoba zuwa Fabrairu, tsire-tsire suna sanya hibernate, yawancin hanyoyin ilimin halayyar suna hanawa ko tsayawa gaba daya. Furen ba ya saki sabon ganye, da kuma inflorescences.

Don lokacin rashin himma, yana buƙatar samar da zazzabi na 8-14 ° C, yawan ruwa akai-akai da matsakaici, bai cancanci takin ba.

Kiwo

A cikin kayan amfanin gona, ana amfani da hanyoyi biyu na yaduwar aucuba: yan itace da amfani da tsaba.

Farfagandar ta yanke

Yanke - haifuwa, wanda ya shafi amfani da harbe-harben apical na bara. Domin harbi ya yi tushe, dole ne ya kasance yana da akalla ganye uku.

• An sanya yankan a cikin haɗar peat ko yashi mai tsabta a ƙarƙashin polyethylene ko gilashi.
• Mako-mako, kuna buƙatar danshi ƙasa kuma ku bar iska, ku kula da zazzabi na 22 ° C.
• Sai bayan cikakken rooting na cuttings zaka iya nutsar dasu cikin tukwane daban-daban.

Shuka Aucuba daga Tsaba

Yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba suna tattare tarin sabon albarkatu.

• Mace da namiji kowane mutum sun tsallake, bisa ga yanayin kusancinsu.
• Dole ne a shuka tsaba da aka tattara a cikin ƙasa, kuma an rufe shi da gilashi ko polyethylene, sanya shi a cikin yanki mai dumi na ɗakin.
• Lokaci-lokaci, kuna buƙatar shayar da ƙasa, bar iska ta shiga ruwa.
• Harbe farawa nan da nan ba da jimawa ba. Ana iya dasa su cikin tukwane daban-daban bayan ganye 3-4 suka bayyana akan tsire-tsire matasa. Amma lokacin zabar wannan hanyar, akwai yuwuwar rasa haruffan haruffa.

Cutar da kwari

Irin waɗannan cututtukan Aucub na iya shafar waɗannan cututtuka:

• Bar aucubs fi biyu suna launin rawaya - wuce haddi haske.
• Ganyayyaki suna faduwa - Wannan na nufin rashin gamsuwa, rashin wadataccen abinci mai gina jiki da kasar gona.
• Leavesarshen ganye ya juya launin rawaya kafin lokacin, fara fada - gagarumin canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki, wanda bai bi ka'ida ko doka ba.
• Rage yawan adadin rawaya a ganye - rashin wadatar abinci ko haske.
• Baƙar fata a kan ganye- wuce haddi danshi a cikin kasar gona.
• Crohn ta bushe - kasancewa cikin daki mai busasshiyar iska.
• Yankakken harbe da jinkirin girma - karancin abinci.

Kwari aucuba na cikin gida na iya shafar kwari kamar su fararen fata, kwari mai kwari, kwari mai kwari, kwayayen gizo-gizo.

Iri aucubas na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire iri 8 da ke tsiro a sararin duniya, daga Himalayas zuwa Japan. Amma mafi mashahuri sune 2 daga cikinsu.

Aucuba Jafananci

Itataccen tare da m santsi ya bar har zuwa santimita 20 a girma. Idan ya kasance a cikin yanayin da ya dace da shuka, tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa mita 2. A lokacin furanni, alamun farin haske suna bayyana.

Fruiting ne sosai rare. Zai iya samar da fararen fari, rawaya, ja. Kirkira na yau da kullun yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar kambi mai kyau. Jafananci ya bambanta da wani iri-iri a wurin da girman aibobi, ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.

Aucuba Himalayan

shuka wanda zai iya zama ƙasa da yawa a cikin girma gida. Ya bambanta da nau'ikan da suka gabata a girma, siffar da launi. Ganyenta masu kaifi ne, bakin ciki da duhu kore tare da yanke gefuna. Dankin yana da harbe-girma da sauri wanda ke buƙatar pruning.