Tsikas - kulawa da haifuwa a gida, nau'in nau'in tsire-tsire

Tsikas (Cycas) - tsararren itace, mai kama da itace, kayan ado da tsire-tsire masu yawa daga dangin Sagovnikov, dangi na fern. Wurin haihuwar cicas yanki ne mai cike da wurare masu zafi da keɓaɓɓu na China, Japan da tsibirin Pacific. Tsikas ya kasance yana haɓakawa a ƙarƙashin yanayin halitta tun zamanin zamanin zamanin Mesozoic.

Wannan cycad iri daya ne a tsarin ginin dabino mai kauri, mai kauri-kamar, ganyayyaki, da ke cikin sifar rosette a saman babban katako, an rufe shi da wani katako mai kauri. Don irin wannan kamannin, ana kiran itacen da sago dabino.

Tsawon cicas a cikin yanayi ya kai 10 m, a ofisoshi da wuraren zama 50-70 cm, a cikin gidajen kore - har zuwa 2. A shekara guda yana girma ta 2-3 cm kuma ganye ɗaya ko biyu, kowannensu na iya rayuwa 2-3 shekaru. Tushen tushen yana da siffar kwan fitila.

Tabbatar kula da irin wannan dabino kamar Washington.

	Yawan haɓaka ya ragu. Har tsawon shekara daya yana girma ta 2-3 cm da ganye ɗaya ko biyu.
	Ba ya fure.
	Dankin yana da wahalar girma.
	Itace shuka iri.

Mai guba na Cycas

Dukkanin gabobin da ke cikin cycad suna dauke da neurotoxins waɗanda ke da tasiri mai guba. Suna iya haifar da ƙonewa, mummunan ciwo, har ma da mutuwa. Dole ne a yi la'akari da wannan gaskiyar yayin girma cicada a cikin wuraren zama.

Ya kamata a nuna taka tsantsan lokacin aiki tare da shuka, ware lamba tare yara da dabbobi. A cikin yankuna inda cygnus ke girma cikin adadi mai yawa, ana samar da nau'in sitaci na musamman (sago) daga gangar jikinta da tsaba, ana amfani da ita bayan dakatar dashi.

Tsikas: kulawar gida. A takaice

Domin gida ya ji daɗin cicicas na shekaru masu yawa tare da kyawawan kayan adonsa, yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kulawa da kulawa koyaushe da kuma kula da mafi kyawun microclimate:

Yanayin Zazzabi	Yanayin zafi mai tsaka-tsaki ne wanda ake fin so + 23-25 ° C - a lokacin bazara kuma ba ƙasa da + 14 ° C - a cikin hunturu.
Jin zafi	Cygnus yana haɓaka da kyau tare da yanayin zafi na kusan kashi 80%.
Haske	Ana buƙatar kyakkyawan haske tare da shading daga hasken rana mai haske.
Watse	Yana da Dole a kiyaye kasar gona da matsakaici m.
Primer for cicas	Haske ƙasa mai kyau tare da musayar iska mai kyau.
Taki da taki	Ciyar da kwayoyin halitta a lokacin tsirrai masu aiki 1 lokaci na wata daya.
Canza cicas	An gudanar da shi bayan shekaru 4-6, jigilar tushen ball ba tare da lalacewa ba a cikin mafi kyawun damar.
Kiwo	Ana yin ta ne ta hanyar shuka iri ko tsire-tsire na ganye.
Siffofin Girma	Yana buƙatar kulawa ta atomatik na mafi kyawun microclimate ba tare da abubuwan zane ba.

Kula da cicas a gida. Daki-daki

Gudun ruwa

Babu wani fure a cikin al'ada irin cicas, tana da gabobi na musamman don haifuwa. Akwai tsirrai maza da mata. A saman akwati na tsire-tsire mata, an yi babban cones (megasporophylls) mai kyau, mai kama da gida, ana kafa su. Takin mazajensu (microstrobiles), a cikin hanyar elongated cones.

Bayan hadi, an kirkiro manyan tsaba daga 3 zuwa 5 cm, tsayi a siffar. Scaarbarwa da yawa suna kwance a matsayin mafakarsu. Ko da mafi kyawun kulawar cicas a gida da wuya yakan haifar da fure, wannan na iya faruwa a cikin shuka wanda bai kai shekara 15 ba. Don samun cikakken tsaba, ana buƙatar pollination na wucin gadi.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Matsakaicin zafin jiki don haɓakar aiki a lokacin rani ya kasance daga +22 zuwa + 28 ° C. Har ila yau, Cycar yana jure yanayin zafi, yana daidaita da kyau don girma a cikin bazara a cikin iska mai kyau. Yana yin tsayayya da ɗan gajeren lokacin sanyi, amma yana iya rasa ɓangarorin ganyayyaki. Rashin tsawan zafi na iya haifar da lalacewa da asarar tsire-tsire.

Fesa

A gida, ana cakuda gidan cicas a kai a kai tare da ruwan dumi, ingantacce. Ku ciyar da ita da safe a cikin lokacin dumi. Lokaci-lokaci, ana goge ganyen tare da zane mai laushi mai laushi. Kada ku fesa cicas yayin furanni da lokacin sanyi. Don kula da gumi, an rufe akwati da rigar moss - sphagnum, ruwa mai ruwa kusa da shuka.

Haske

Don shuka ya sami kyakkyawar kyakkyawa, bayyanar lafiya, ya zama dole don samar da mafi kyawun haske, daidaitaccen haske. Haske hasken rana kai tsaye. Ya kamata hasken rana ya kasance awanni 12-14. A cikin lambun, an sanya filayen fure a cikin inuwa m.

Cicadas na gida na lokaci-lokaci suna juyawa ga haske ta fuskoki daban-daban, wanda ya sa kambi ya kasance yana da bayyanar sigogi. Tare da rashin walƙiya, yanayin shuka ya tsananta, an ja ganye, a fara bayyanar da yanayin.

Illarancin haske na dogon lokaci yana haifar da rawaya na ganye, mutuwarsu da cikakkiyar dakatarwar ci gaban shuka.

Watse

Tsikas tsirrai ne mai tsananin haƙuri, amma bai kamata a ƙyale shi ya bushe gaba ɗaya ba. Zai fi kyau ci gaba da yin ƙasa. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya daidaita sosai kuma yana da zazzabi dakin. A lokacin da girma girma, yalwatacce watering ne da za'ayi kamar yadda ya cancanta, amma a kalla sau ɗaya a mako.

Ana shayar da ƙasa mara faɗi a matakai biyu, tsakani wanda yake shi ne mintuna da yawa. Ta wannan hanyar, ƙasa tana ɗaukar ruwa a hankali. An cire ruwa mai narkewa daga sump. Ba a ba shi damar bugun mazugin ba yayin shayarwa, don hana lalatawar ta. A cikin kaka da hunturu, a tsakanin matsakaitan ruwa ya ƙaru, an rage adadin danshi.

Wiwi na cicas

Don namo, ana amfani da tukwane na tukwane ko kuma na katako, wanda ke ba da iskar musayar iska mai kyau da danshi na ƙasa. Iyawar ya kamata ya zama mai zurfi, barga, amma ba ma sako-sako ba. Da ake bukata shine wurin magudanan magudanar ruwa su zubar da ruwa mai yawa.

Kasar

Shagunan na musamman suna ba da ƙasa da aka yi da itace don itacen dabino, daidaitaccen tsari dangane da abubuwan gina jiki na yau da kullun kuma suna da isasshen ɗan acidic ko tsaka tsaki. Daga yanayin alkaline, cygnus kusan ba ya ɗaukar abubuwan gina jiki.

Soilasar da aka yi da gida ya kamata a cika ta da ruwa sosai a duk girman tanki, sako-sako don hana alkinta. Don cicas, cakuda ya dace sosai, wanda a cikin sassan daidai yake akwai ciyayi, ƙasa mai ganye, peat, humus.

An haɗa yashi mai laushi ko ƙananan pebbles don haɓaka kaddarorin magudanan ruwa.

Taki da taki

Cicas shuka ana ciyar da shi a gida daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa Oktoba. A lokacin hunturu dormancy, ba ya buƙatar ƙarin allurai na takin zamani. Kada ku ciyar da tsire-tsire bayan dasawa, a cikin haske mai sauƙi da rashin zafi. Fertilizerarin takin zamani zai iya cutar da shuka fiye da rashinsu.

Magani na takin gargajiya: mullein ko taki doki sun fi dacewa don ciyarwa. A matsayin babban kayan ma'adinai, ana amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar hadadden itacen dabino. Domin kada ya ƙone tushen tare da takin mai magani, sanyaya ƙasa kafin miya.

Canza cicas

Cycas yana girma a hankali kuma baya buƙatar watsawa akai-akai. An dasa ƙananan harbe cikin manyan kwantena yayin da suke girma, manya - ba sau da yawa fiye da bayan shekaru 3-4.

Canjin cicasus ana aiwatar dashi ta hanyar natsuwa yayin riƙe amincin tushen ƙwayar cuta. Fresh ƙasa cika bangarori kyauta a kusa da tushen kuma sabunta saman Layer.

Lokacin hutawa

Daga Nuwamba zuwa farkon Maris, inji ya dakatar da haɓaka. A cikin wannan lokacin ne, ana kirkirar wasu yanayi domin shuka:

zafin jiki na iska ya ragu zuwa 16-18 ° C, kuma ga wasu nau'in - har zuwa 12 ° C;
rage yawan ruwa;
dakatar da ciyarwa.

Karin kulawa

Kamar yadda ya cancanta, datsa ganyayyaki da suka lalace da tsoffin da suka fadi a ƙasa jirgin sama na kwance. A lokaci guda, yana da kyau a yanke ganyen da ya bushe sosai. A lokacin zafi, ana fitar da cicada a kan baranda ko lambun, a sanya shi a wuraren da aka kiyaye shi daga zafin rana, a hankali ana daidaita da sabon yanayin.

Don dalilai masu tsabta, ganyen tsire-tsire ana wanke shi lokaci-lokaci a ƙarƙashin ɗakin wanka, yana kare gangar jikin da mahimmancin mashigar daga danshi.

Girma Cycas daga Tsaba

Zai yuwu a sami cikakken cicas tsaba a gida, saboda haka ya fi kyau a sayi su domin shuka. Sabbin tsaba suna da kyawawan tsiro idan an kirkiro yanayi mai kyau don haɓakar su:

Tsaba suna cikin daskararre (har zuwa 35 ° C) ruwa tsawon awanni 10-12.
An shirya cakuda ƙasa daga cakuda peat da yashi ko ƙura.
Shuka da tsaba, dan kadan matsi zuwa kasar, yayyafa da na bakin ciki Layer na kasar gona.
Germination ganga an rufe shi da fim
Kula da yawan zafin jiki na 20-25 ° C, danshi ƙasa da iska ta yau da kullun.
Bayan watanni 1-1.5, shuki zai bayyana. An cire tsari, an ɗora kwandon zuwa wuri mai cike da wuta.
A cikin lokaci na 1-2 ainihin ganye, ana dasa shuki a cikin tukwane daban.

Yaduwar cicas ta gefen harbe

Don yaduwar ciyayi, ana amfani da matakai na gefuna masu kama da kwararan fitila, wanda wani lokacin yakan bayyana a ɓangaren ɓangaren gangar jikin, ana amfani dashi. An yanke harbe tare da wuka mai kaifi a cikin ƙarshen hunturu ko farkon bazara, ba tare da lalata shuka mahaifiyar ba. Ana bi da sassan da maganin kashe-kashe kuma an yayyafa shi da baƙin gawayi.

A bulbous matasa shoot ne bushe a lokacin day kuma sanya for rooting a cikin m perlite ko peat-yashi ƙasa. Kafin samuwar Tushen da bayyanar sababbin ganye (daga watanni 3 zuwa 6) kula da yawan zafin jiki na +25 zuwa + 30 ° C da zafi mai tsayi. Da zaran sandar ta fara girma, sai a dasa shi a hankali.

Cutar da kwari

Tsikas yana da wasu buƙatu don yanayin girma kuma yana ba da amsa ga dalilai masu illa tare da bayyanarsa:

Brown spots a cikin ganyayyaki cicasa alamace ta magudanan ruwa na yau da kullun.
Bar ya juya rawaya a lokacin bazara tare da rashin danshi.
Ganyen ganye na cicas a cikin hunturu tare da damara yawan damp, lowarancin haske da ƙarancin zafin jiki.
Cicas bar bushe a cikin dakuna bushe sosai.
Tushen rot dalilin akwai rashin zafi tare da yawan danshi.
Haske mai haske akan ganyayyaki sigina game da rauni tare da scab.
Ganyen ganye tsikasa bayyana tare da karancin zafi na iska da ƙasa.
Cicas a hankali yana girma - sakamakon lalacewar ƙasa da rashin abinci mai gina jiki.
A hankali bushewa na ƙananan ganye yana faruwa a zahiri yayin da suke tsufa.
Tausasa akwati na cicas faruwa tare da tushen rot ko caudex rot.
Bar juya launin ruwan kasa tare da karancin abubuwan gano abubuwa.

Babban karin kwari da ke lalata cicada lokaci-lokaci sune kwari mai kwari, kwari gizo-gizo da kwari.

Iri cicas na gida tare da hotuna da sunaye

Cicas drooping

Dabbobin suna da cikakken ƙarfi kuma shi ne ake shukawa a gida. An tattara ganye da yawa a cikin matsanancin lokacin farin ciki a cikin ɓangaren ɓangaren na ɗan gajeren (ba fiye da 3m ba), akwati mai kauri (tare da diamita na 30cm zuwa 1m). Dangane da yanayin girma, tsawon ganye na iya bambanta daga 50cm zuwa 2m. Siffar ganyen tana da matukar layi, tare da jijiya daya ta tsakiya, mai kaifi a gwaggon biri, tana matsawa zuwa gindin.

Farantin ganye mai madaidaiciya yana ƙwanƙwasa a hankali, wanda iri-iri kuma yana da suna "Cycas lanƙwasa." Matasa ganye suna yalwatacce, suna da launin koren launi mai haske. Tare da shekaru, ganye ya zama fata, m, rasa pubescence kuma yi duhu.

Cicas curly, ko cochlear

Gangar jikin ciyawar itace columnar, a saman sa ana tattara shi cikin bunches (har guda 30 kowannensu) cirrus, lebur, tare da ingantacciyar jijiya tsakiyar. Gwanaye na ganye ana farawa zuwa sama, kuma tare da shekaru sun mamaye matsayi na kwance-kwance.

Tsikas Rumfa

Babban nau'in halitta wanda ke da asali a cikin Sri Lanka da tsibirin bakin teku. Tsawon ganga zai iya kaiwa 15m. Fafaren leaf suna da kamannin lanceolate mai layin layi, har zuwa 2 cm faɗin, zuwa 30 cm tsayi.

Tsikas Siamese

Speciesarancin ƙananan haɓaka tare da kunkuntar, ganyen feathery na launin shuɗi-fari-fari akan ɗan gajere mai tsinkaye. Gangar jikin tana da kauri ne kawai a gindin, kuma sama tana da bakin ciki.

Tsikas matsakaici

Wani daji mai siffar dabino, a saman wanda duk aka tattara ganye a dunkule. Ana amfani da 'ya'yan wannan nau'in bayan sarrafawa na musamman azaman abinci.