Ehmeya - kulawa ta gida, haihuwa, hoto

Ehmeya (Aechmea) - tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire daga dangin bromeliad. Kasashen Kudancin da Amurka ta Tsakiya ana daukarsu a matsayin kasarsu. A cikin karni na XIX. fure ya fara girma a cikin lambunan Botanical na Turai. Tun daga karshen karni na 20. masu son aikin lambu na gida sun zama masu sha'awar ehmei.

A gida, tsayin shuka zai iya kaiwa mita 1, duk da haka, girmanta zai kasance kusan 30 cm, kuma tsawon ganyayyaki - 60 cm. Furen yana da matsakaicin girma girma. A gida, yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7, ana dasa sarƙar 'ya mace. Dogon ganye, farashi a kusa da gefuna, samar da wata mazurari.

Echmea na fure sau ɗaya a rayuwa, tun yana da shekaru 4. A lokacin rani, inflorescences mai haske ya bayyana, wanda ya samar da ɗumbin ƙananan furanni masu launin lilac-purple da bracts. Yawancin jinsunan echmea sune tsire-tsire masu tsalle-tsalle waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin halitta akan kankara, rawanin ciyayi da bishiyoyi.

A guba na ehmei

Ehmeya tsire ne mai guba. Ruwan ruwan da ke kunshe cikin ganyayyaki, samun kan fata da membranes na mucous, yana haifar da matsanancin fushi. Yi aiki tare da fure a hankali, saka safofin hannu. Bayan aiki, wanke hannuwanku sosai.

Kula da echmea a gida (a takaice)

Ehmeya a gida yana haɓaka sosai idan abubuwan da ake buƙata na haske, danshi, abinci mai gina jiki sun gamsu:

Tare da tabbataccen sauƙi na kula da shuka, yana yiwuwa a nuna alamun fasalin ehmei. Fadaka inflorescences ana cire ta secateurs saboda kada su rasa ƙarfi da shuka. Ehmeya yana da rauni mai rauni kuma yana iya girma a ƙasa ko kan goyan baya - wani yanki na haushi, filastik ko gilashi (an sanya rami a cikin inda aka shigar da echmea, yana lullube tushen da daskararren moss).

Kula da echmea a gida. Daki-daki

Gida na gida ehmeya zai faranta rai tare da asalin asali da kyawawan fure, idan a gidan yanayi aka kirkira shi.

Saukar ehmei

Ehmeya yawanci yayi fure a lokacin bazara. Flowering ehmei - mai tsawo, amma sabon abu lokaci daya. Kawai girma shuka blooms, fara tun game da shekaru 4 da haihuwa. Yana faruwa da furen bai bayyana ba akan daji mafi tsufa. Wataƙila an datse zuriyarsa daga lokacin da ya girma daga shuka mahaifiyar kuma tayi haɓaka a hankali, ba tare da samun isasshen abinci mai gina jiki ba. Bayan balagarsa, shima zai sake sakin wani fure mai haske.

Don saurin farkon farkon fure, an sanya wani ƙaramin ehmeya na kwanaki 10 a cikin jaka tare da ayaba ko apples. Fruitsya fruitsyan itace masu ethya ethyan itace masu haɓaka suna haɓaka aikin furanni. Amma kada ku sa hankali don ganin furanni. Bayan fure, matashi echmea suna rayuwa sama da shekara guda, wani lokacin basu da lokaci su samar da harbe a kaikaice.

Itaciyar da ta girma ba zata ƙara yin fure ba, amma za ta fitar da harbe-harbe da za a iya dasawa. Cire inflorescences na cire an cire shi nan da nan saboda kada su lalata bayyanar shuka, kada a rage jinkirin ci gaba kuma kar a haifar da lalata saman.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Don haɓaka mai ƙarfi da lafiya ehmeya, kulawar gida yana ba da shawarar sau da yawa ɗakin zai kasance cikin iska, saboda yana buƙatar sabon iska. A lokacin bazara, ana fitar da fure akan titi. Kula da tsarin zafin jiki. A lokacin rani, ɗakin ya kamata ya kasance tsakanin + 25 - 28 ° C, a cikin hunturu - ba ƙasa da + 17 ° C ba.

An nuna zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Ehmeya wata itaciya ce da ba kasafta rai ba wacce take son saukar da zazzabi da daddare: dan karamin digo mai amfani ga ita ga fure.

An kare daji daga daftarin.

Fesa

Itaciyar echmea mai zafi a gida zata ji daɗi idan aka kiyaye danshi a 60 - 70%. A lokacin dumama da lokacin zafi, feshe ganyen da ruwan sanyi, tsayayyen ruwa zai taimaka a wannan.

Fesa da shigar da daji a cikin wani kwanon rufi tare da yumbu da aka faɗaɗa yumbu mai yiwuwa zaɓuɓɓuka don haɓaka yanayin iska na cikin gida, baza ku iya goge ganyen ba.

Haske

A gida, ciyawar ehmea ya kamata ya kasance a kan windows yana kallon yamma ko gabas: a can za a sami isasshen haske. Idan an ɗora shi a kan taga kusa da kudu, hasken zai yi haske sosai kuma zai yi tsawo. Wannan zai haifar da ƙone ganye.

Idan ba zai yiwu a sake shirya fure ba, lallai ne ya zama inuwa. A cikin arewacin dakin akwai karancin haske, Anan girma echmea zaiyi rauni. Mafi kyawun mata kyawun haske ne.

Watering ehmei

Shayar da ehmei umarni ne na wajibi kuma na yau da kullun. Ruwa lokacin da saman ya bushe. A lokacin rani, sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7, suna ɗinka ɗumi mai daɗaɗaɗaɗɗa da ruwa, sai a shayar da kasar. A cikin hunturu da bayan fure, suna iyakance ga danshi na ƙasa matsakaici (bai kamata ya bushe ba), ba a zuba ruwa a cikin mafita ba, don kada ya haifar da lalacewar ma'anar haɓaka.

Waterlogging ehmey ba lallai bane: ganyayenta suna fitar da danshi kadan, kuma ruwan dake waje yana taimakawa jure rashin ruwa. Ehmeya yana son fesawa da wanka a karkashin ruwan wanka. Bayan hanyoyin, an barshi cikin daki mai inuwa don ruwan ya bushe sannan shuka ba ya samun kunar rana a jiki a cikin ganyayyaki.

Kasar

Ehmeya fure ne wanda acidity na ƙasa ba shi da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci cewa ƙasa tana numfashi da sako-sako. Kuna iya siyan kayan haɗin ƙasa da aka shirya don bromeliads, inganta shi tare da sphagnum da gawayi gawayi.

Kuna iya shirya substrate da kanka, ɗaukar daidai ma'aunin takarda ƙasa, peat, humus kuma cikin rabin yashi. Sanya guna da yankakken gawayi zuwa cakuda. Tabbatar zuba ruwa da aka faɗaɗa ko tubalin da aka fashe don magudanar a ƙarshen tukunyar.

Taki da taki

Manyan riguna da taki suna da kyau ga furen. Ehmeya yana amsawa ga shayarwa ko spraying ganye tare da ruwa mai dunƙu sau biyu na tsire-tsire na fure-fure ko na musamman don bromeliads.

Ana aiwatar da hanyoyin bayan an yi ruwa a cikin yanayin hadari ko maraice, don kada ku ƙone ganyen (a lokacin bazara da bazara - sau ɗaya a kowane mako 2, a cikin kaka - sau ɗaya a kowace kwanaki 30, kuma a cikin hunturu - sau ɗaya a kowane watanni 2). A cikin hunturu, ana magance dillan sau 3.

Ehmei juyawa

Juyar da kai na Ehmei aiki ne mai sauki, mai sauƙin kai har ga marowaci ɗan ƙwararrun masarauta. Matasa bushes ana maye gurbinsu a shekara kafin fure. Za'a iya dasa tsofaffi bayan fure, idan kuna buƙatar raba yara. Lokacin da ganyayen ganye suka riga sun rataye daga tukunyar har saboda echmea ta rasa kwanciyar hankali, dasawa ta zama dole.

Tushen tushen echmea yana da ƙarami, saboda haka yana buƙatar ƙaramar tukunya. Isasa ake ɗauka iri ɗaya na dasa shuki fure, tabbatar an yi amfani da magudanar ruwa. Bayan dasawa, an sanya daji a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa kuma ba a shayar da kwanaki ba.

Suna aiki ta hanyar sanya safofin hannu don kare hannayensu daga haɗuwa da ruwan guba na nhmei kuma ba ciwo ya same su a jikin ganyayyaki.

Mai jan tsami

Ba dole ne a kafa daji ba, saboda haka baya buƙatar datse kullun. Bayan furanni, an yanke farfajiyar da ta fara lalacewa tare da wuka mai kaifi don kada su tsoma baki tare da echmea kuma su lalata bayyanar ta. Lokacin da yaran da aka kafa tsakanin ganye suka girma sosai, an yanke su.

Yadda ake barin hutu

Maigidan da ke kula da shi, barin gida har sati daya ko biyu, zai yi tunanin ko yaushe game da yadda za a bar mara lafiya ana kula da hutu? Wanda ya mallaki ehmei yayi sa'a: shuka yana iya rayuwa sati 2 ba tare da yayi ruwa ba, amma kafin barin sa ana shayar dashi, an mulmula shi da sphagnum, kuma ana zuba ruwan dumi a ciki.

An saka Ehmeya a cikin tire tare da yumɓu da aka kaɗa ƙasa kuma, idan ya cancanta, an girgiza shi. Idan babu rashi mai tsawo, sun nemi dangi su kula da fure.

Yaduwa da ehmei

Hanyoyin yaduwa na yiwuwa ne ta hanyoyi biyu.

Yaduwa na ehmei ta hanyar zuriya

• 'Ya'yan da aka haɓaka (da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na tsinkayen fure) an rabasu da shuka daga tsohuwar shuka tare da wuƙa mai tsabta. Suna da tushe cikin sauƙi.
• Yankunan da aka yanke suna yayyafa da gawayin alkama don hana lalata.
• Dasa a cikin ƙasa mai haske kuma an shayar.
• Sun rufe shi da polyethylene, suna yin ramuka a ciki wanda ya sa ciyawar ta numfasa.
• An cire fim din don ruwa da iska.
• Bayan kwanaki 30 zuwa 45, za a fara yin tushe.
• An dasa daji zuwa cikin babban akwati kuma a kula da shi kamar yadda ake girma shuka.

Girma ehmei daga tsaba

Tsarin iri - an shuka tsaba a cikin peat (ko yashi + peat), an rufe shi da fim kuma aka bar shi a + 23 ° C. Bayan makonni 3, sai 'yan' ya'yan za su yi tsiro. Kimanin watanni 3 daga baya, bayan bayyanar ganye 3, ana raye su cikin tukwane daban. Echmea da aka samo daga tsaba zai yi fure a cikin shekaru 3.

Hanyoyin yaduwa na ehmei suna da sauki, amma galibi suna amfani da na farko: don haka zaku iya jira har sai furewar ehmei, ana kiyaye fasalin abubuwa iri-iri.

Cutar da kwari

Ehmeya baya buƙatar kulawa ta musamman, amma aikin maɓallin fure ne don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa ga shuka. Idan kun kewaye furannin da hankali, zaku iya tabbatawa: cututtuka da kwari ba zasu taɓa shi ba. In ba haka ba, cutar na iya bayyana kanta a cikin alamu:

• tsofaffin soket mutu - Tsarin ilimin halittar jiki, sau da yawa yakan faru ne bayan fure;
• rotten soket ehmei - waterlogging a low zazzabi (rage yawan ban ruwa, lambatu ruwa daga kanti; sa a cikin wani dumi, wurin iska);
• ehmea barin fade - haske mai yawa (inuwa daji);
• launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye - cutar fungal (ana amfani da fungicides); idan aibobi ya kasance launin toka-toka - ƙwanƙolin rana a jiki (inuwa, sake shirya);
• flaccid yankar echmea ganye - karancin danshi (an shayar da shi, ana zuba ruwa a cikin mafita);
• busassun busasshen ganyen echmea - Yayi bushewar iska (ƙara yawan zafi);
• Haske mai haske mai haske na ganyen silvery - narkar da sikelin lokacin shafa takardar da adiko na goge baki;
• ganye ya zama rawaya ya faɗi - waterlogging (daidaita ruwa, iska ta iska);
• bayan fure, ganyayyaki ya narke ya fadi - tsarin tsufa na dabi'a, daji ba zai sami ceto ba;
• da inflorescence juya datti ruwan hoda - ehme sanyi (sake shirya a wurin dumi).

Wasu lokuta echmea yana shafar aphids, mealybugs, kwari masu kwari, ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo. Ana kunna kwari a cikin zafi tare da ƙarancin bushewar iska ko yayin sanyi da ambaliyar fure. Bayyanar da kuma haifar da kwari ya fi sauki a hana fiye da magance su daga baya.

Nau'in gida na ehmei tare da hotuna da sunaye

Fiye da nau'ikan echmea 250 suna cikin daji. Wasu daga cikinsu ana yin noma a gida.

Ehmea (Aechmea Fasciata)

Koren duhu mai duhu tare da tsarin marmara da ƙananan cloves a gefuna suna samar da babban rami. Farantin takardar mai tarin yawa ne, mai kama da bel (tsayi har zuwa 0.6 m). Fuskar madaidaiciya ko kuma tazararram ta madaidaiciyar shinge ya girma zuwa cm 30. Wasu kananan furanni masu launin shuɗi-ja suna kewaye da adon ruwan hoda mai haske.

Hanna Sauna (Aechmea Weilbachii)

Ganyen xiphoid mai fadi, yana da launi mai launin jan ƙarfe da sifar layi, suna samar da isharar sihiri. Bar ba tare da ƙaya ba, tsayin su ya kai cm 50. infaukar rigakafin tsere tana kan shinge mai launin ja. An tattara manyan dutsen skar a gindi, tsakanin su akwai ƙananan furanni masu furanni masu ruwan shuɗi.

Achmea Mai Lankwasa (Aechmea recurvata)

Light kore kunkuntar ganye tare da mikakke siffar da spiky gefuna samar da fadi da filet. Faɗakar Leaf - har zuwa 1, 5 cm, tsayi - har zuwa 40 cm. loaukar hoto na ƙwallon ƙafa yana kusan 0.2 m. furanni ruwan hoda an kewaye shi da gefuna masu launin ja uku.

Ehmeya - wata shuka da ke haifar da sha'awa ga furanni masu ganye da furanni masu ɗamara. Yana furewa sau ɗaya a rayuwar, amma furanni masu girma da ban mamaki da har suke mamakin connoisseurs na kyakkyawa. Kula da tsiro ba shi da wahala. Saboda haka, yawan magoya na ehmei yana haɓaka koyaushe.