Streptocarpus - kulawar gida, narkar da iri, hoto

Hakkin (Qarfafawa) - herbaceous, thermophilic shuka daga cikin Gesneriaceae iyali (Gesneriaceae) ya zo mana daga Nahiyar Afirka, inda yake girma da yawa a cikin yanayin halayen Kenya, Tanzania, Afirka ta Kudu. A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, ya bambanta cikin girma da fure.

Ba tare da la’akari da hanyar yaduwa ba, furewar streptocarpus a gida zai fara ne daga watanni 10-11. Itatuwa bashi da tushe mai tsayi; ana tattara ganyayenta kadan-kadan a cikin tarago mai girma. Siffar takardar yana da elongated, lanceolate. Sunan shuka yana da alaƙa da siffar akwatin iri.

Abubuwan amfani mai amfani da streptocarpus

An girma girma ta hanyar amfani da kayan ado. Yayi kyau a kowane ciki, ba wai kawai lokacin yawan furanni ba. Rosette na yara ganye shima yayi kyau. Shuka ba mai guba bane, amma tana da propertiesan abubuwan amfani. Wasu masoya suna amfani dashi da yawa kamar kayan yaji.

Kula da streptocarpus a gida. A takaice

Domin shuka yayi kyau sosai kuma ya yalwata sosai, halittar da za'a yarda da shi ana bukatarsa:

Kula da streptocarpus a gida. Daki-daki

Ra'ayoyin masu girbi na fure game da ƙwayawar shuka ba su zo daidai. Wasu suna ganin yana da sauƙi girma, har ma da masu farawa. Amma don fure don farantawa kamantarsa ​​da kyakkyawan fure, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar wasu yanayi don ita kuma ku kula da kullun.

Yawo mai gudana

Shuka tana da ire-irensu da yawa, kuma tana da bambanci a cikin siffar furanni da launi, daga fari zuwa shunayya, da launuka da launuka daban-daban Haɗin launuka da yawa yana yiwuwa. Furanni suna cikin hanyar tubular karrarawa. Karami su ne, da yawan inflorescences ake kafa da furanni ne mafi yawan.

Daga sinus na ganye yana zuwa ɗayan suttura, wanda, ya dogara da iri-iri, daga furanni da yawa zuwa dubun da yawa na iya yin fure. Girman fure mai fure a wasu nau'ikan ya kai 8-10cm. Sakamakon fure, an kafa akwatin iri da ke ɗauke da ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu yawa. Da wuya fure a gida ba yayi girma akan tsaba.

Hankali! Domin tsire-tsire don samun bayyanar kyakkyawa kuma ba ta gajiyawa ba, an yanke inflorescences mai lalacewa, ba tare da jiran samuwar akwatin ba.

Yanayin Zazzabi

Furen ba ya amsa da zafi, duk da zuriyar Afirka. Yana jin daɗi a zazzabi na 20 zuwa 25 ° C akan windowsill ko baranda da aka kiyaye daga hasken rana kai tsaye. Mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki wanda aka yarda dashi a lokacin sanyi shine 14-15 ° C.

Fesa

Theashin iska a cikin ɗakin yana cutar da yanayin ganyayyaki da furanni, saboda haka ya zama dole a yi amfani da iska mai hura iska ko kuma a fesa iska da bindiga mai feshin wuta.

Lokacin da ruwa ya hau kan ganye da furanni, streptocarpus yana asarar kyawawan halayensa, don haka ana gudanar da kulawa ta gida ta hanyar goge ganyen da busassun rigar bushewa. Kamar yadda danshi ke amfani da kayan kwalliya tare da daskararren yumbu, karawa, gansakuka, wanda aka sanya a cikin kusancin tukwane.

Haske

Don cikakken fure, shuka yana buƙatar haske mai yawa da rana mai tsayi. Amma dole ne a watsa masa hasken rana domin ganye kada ya kone. A gefen arewa na gidan, hasken wuta bazai isa ba kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta tare da fitilu. Sills na yamma da na gabas sun fi dacewa da haɓakar.

Watse

Home streptocarpus na bukatar yau da kullun, matsakaici watering tare da ingantaccen ruwan dumi. Wuce haddi yana haifar da lalacewa har ma da mutuƙar shuka, don haka ya fi kyau a sha ruwa ƙasa da cikawa. A lokacin rani, yawan ban ruwa sau 2 a mako, a cikin hunturu - ba sau da yawa fiye da bayan kwanaki 8-10.

A yanayin zafi mara karfi (15 ° C da kasa), an daina hana ruwa yawan iska.

Ptoarfafa ƙasa

A shuka fi son haske, sako-sako da, m kasa. tare da musayar iska mai kyau. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce siyan ƙasa wanda aka shirya da tsari a cikin shagon musamman. Kuna iya shirya cakuda da kanku gwargwado:

• ƙasar sheet - 2 sassa;
• peat, yashi, humus - kashi 1 kowane.

Hakanan zaka iya Mix daidai sassan duniya, peat da moss sphagnum. Don girma yara, cakuda peat, perlite da humus (5: 2: 1) ya dace.

Dole ne a zuba kayan magudanan a kasan tukunyar.

Hankali! Duk abubuwan hadewar hadewa, magudanar ruwa da kwantena don girma ana hana su ta hanyar dumama ruwa ko kuma mafitar potassium.

Taki da taki

Streptocarpus yana haɓaka sosai kuma yana buƙatar abinci mai yawa. A farkon matakin, don haɓakar rosette na ganye, an zaɓi fifiko ga takin mai magani na nitrogen, a matakin ƙaddamar da shinge kuma yayin lokacin furanni - phosphorus-potash.

A cikin shagunan ƙwararrun suna ba da shirye-shirye masu rikitarwa waɗanda sune mafi sauki don amfani. Ana haɗuwa da riguna da ruwa tare da sha tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 8-10 kuma ana aiwatar da shi ne kawai a lokacin bazara-bazara.

Girman tukunya

Lokacin girma fure ta hanyar shuka iri, seedlings a cikin lokaci na 2 ganye na gaske ya nutse cikin kwantena na kyauta a nesa na 1.5-3.0 cm, sannan kuma an dasa tsire-tsire zuwa cikin tukwane daban. Girman su a matakin farko shine 6-8 cm.

Tare da kowane juyawa, tukunyar yana ƙaruwa da wasu santimita. Lokacin da girma cikin girman girma, haɓaka haɓaka na rosette na ganye yana lura kuma fure yana raguwa. Don ɗan itacen da ya girma, ƙarar tukunya ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 16 - 18 cm, mara ƙarfi, tunda tushen tsarin na sama ne.

Zai fi kyau girma fure a cikin tukunyar yumɓu, amma kuma tana da kyau a cikin tukunyar filastik idan akwai magudanar ruwa da kuma ingantaccen ruwa.

Transplantarfafa ƙwayar cuta

A wuri guda, streptocarpus na iya girma tsawon lokaci, amma har ya cika shekaru 3, rosette na ganye yayi kauri, an shuka tsiro, baya da kyau, blooms talauci, yana rasa tasirin ado.

Juyin Halita yana magance matsaloli da yawa:

• sabuntawa daga daji;
• haifuwa;
• karuwa a cikin girma da ingancin ƙasa.

Lokacin hutawa

Adultane ne kawai, samfurori masu lafiya na iya Bloom a duk shekara, kodayake kamanninsu da ƙimar fure sun lalace ba tare da hutu don hutawa ba. A cikin hunturu, suna kirkirar yanayi ta wucin gadi yayin hutawa, rage ruwa, hasken wuta, dakatar da ciyar da rage zafin jiki.

Mai jan tsami

Don dalilai na tsabta, pruning na raunin da ganye mai launin rawaya, ana aiwatar da shinge na fure. A cikin bushes na manya, an cire kananan matakai waɗanda ba sa iya yin gasa tare da gabobin ciyayi.

Sake bugun streptocarpus

Don yaduwa iri iri ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban. Hanyoyin kayan lambu na iya kiyaye cikakkun sifofin halayen uwa na shuka. Harkar streptocarpus ta hanyar shuka iri wani tsari ne mai tsayi kuma ba koyaushe ake iya hasashen sakamakon ba.

Sake bugun streptocarpus ta hanyar rarraba daji

Tare da dasawa a cikin bazara, ana yin yaduwar shuka. ta hanyar rarraba tsohuwar daji (shekaru 2-3) zuwa sassa.

• Tushen an 'yantar da shi daga ƙasa, a kwance a hankali, aka raba shi da hannu ko tare da wuƙa mai kaifi.
• An cire sassan lalatattun tushen, wuraren wuraren yanka aka yafa shi da gawayi.
• Don ƙirƙirar sabon kanti, an zaɓi harbe harbe (yara) tare da kyawawan Tushen, dasa a cikin m, ƙasa mai kwance.
• Don adana danshi kafin farawar, ana kiyaye sabbin tsire-tsire a ƙarƙashin madaidaiciyar hula a cikin hasken rana.

Farfadowar streptocarpus ta itace

Hakanan za'a iya yada shi ta hanyar hanyar wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire: yara ba tare da tushen da ya rage daga rarrabe ba, duka ganye tare da petioles da sassan su.

• An nutsar da su zuwa zurfin cikin ruwa har sai an samu asalinsu, a cikin ƙasa mai ɗora ko daskararre.
• Ana sarrafa wuraren yankan, kamar yadda ake rarraba su a daji.
• Bayan bayyanar Tushen, an dasa ganyen a cikin tukunya tare da abin da aka zaɓa.

Girma streptocarpus daga tsaba

Mafi yawan lokuta ana yin su yayin kiwo don samun halaye na musamman.

• Itaciyar fure ta gida a gida ana shuka shi cikin kwantena mara zurfi da aka cika da maganin vermiculite, peat da perlite.
• Don haka ƙananan tsaba aka rarraba su a ƙasa, an haɗe su da yashi.
• Bayan an shuka, an ɗora ƙasa da bindiga da aka fesa.
• Don adana danshi kuma ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse, an rufe akwati da gilashin ko fim mai nuna gaskiya.
• Kafin shuka iri, kula da yawan zafin jiki na 22 - 25 ° C, gudanar da iska ta yau da kullun kuma tsaftacewa ta iska. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, seedlingsan itacen zai fito cikin kwanaki 10-14.
• An cire tsari, amma ci gaba da kula da babban zafi.

Hanyar kiwo Toaster

• Don wannan hanyar, ana amfani da ganyayyaki, wanda aka yanke sashin tsakiya.
• Ana kula da sassan tare da gawayi, bushe da binnewa a cikin ƙasa da misalin 5 mm.
• Yayin da yake kula da yanayin zafi mai kyau, ƙananan yara zasu yi girma cikin watanni 1.5, waɗanda aka watsa cikin tukwane a cikin shekaru 3-4.

Cutar da kwari

A karkashin yanayin ci gaba mai kyau, streptocarpus ya jure da cututtuka daban-daban sosai. Idan shuka yana da matsaloli, zai amsa nan da nan tare da bayyanarsa:

• streptocarpus ganye wither da karkatarwa daga rashin danshi ko wucewar hasken rana;
• rawaya ganye sakonnin otomatikna iya bayyana tare da kunar rana a jiki;
• busasshen iyakar ganyen streptocarpus da blanching bayyana daga rashin danshi da abinci mai ma'adinai;
• baya girma kuma baya sakin ganyen matasa tare da rashin walƙiya, rashi na ƙasa ko girman tukunyar da ba ta dace ba;
• rot Tushen streptocarpus tare da wuce kima ruwa, low zazzabi da kuma zayyana.

Ci gaban cututtukan fungal da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta shine mafi yawanci ana haifar dashi ta saurin mulkin zafin jiki yayin ban ruwa mai wuce gona da iri da gabobin ciyayi da ruwa. Lokacin da alamun farko na cutar suka bayyana, wajibi ne don aiwatar da:

• cire wuraren da aka lalace;
• fesawa tare da fungicide ko kuma maganin sabulu mai wanki;
• canza yanayin yanayin tsaro.

Karin kwari

Tare da rashin isasshen iska da kuma yawan zafin jiki, an ƙirƙiri yanayi mai kyau don rarraba:

• Thrips, aphids, gizo-gizo mites. Suna ciyarwa a kan ruwan itace na shuka, suna lalata ganyayyaki wanda azurfa, launin rawaya, fari ko aibobi suke bayyana. Itace discards ganye. Girma na kwantar da hankalin mutum yayi saurin sauka ko ya daina aiki gaba daya. Buds lalatattu ba tare da an nuna fure ba.
• Mealybug lalata matasa harbe, buds. Zai iya haifar da cikakkiyar dakatarwa a cikin ci gaban shuka.
• Scale is located musamman a kan ƙananan ɓangare na ganye da kuma a kan petioles a cikin hanyar launin ruwan kasa warts, an rufe shi da wani laushi mai laushi. Wani lardin waɗannan kwari zai iya lalata shuka gaba ɗaya.

Don lalata kwari, tsire-tsire da ƙasa an fesa su tare da shirye-shiryen kwari (sau 2-3). A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, ana iya buƙatar dasawa tare da sauyawa ƙasa. Yana da matukar wahala a lalata garkuwar, kamar yadda tsarin kariyarsu ke hana hulɗa da sinadarai. An cire su da hannu tare da kyalle mai bushe, sannan kuma aka fesa su da tsarin tsirrai na tsari.