Echeveria: Nasihun Kula da Gida

Echeveria rukuni ne na maye gurbin herbaceous succulents daga dangin Crassulaceae. Akwai nau'ikan sama da iri 170 a cikin halittar. Za a iya samunsa a Mexico, Amurka, Kudancin Amurka.

Bayanin echeveria

Ana hada ganye, fleshy, m, tattara a cikin rosettes 3-40 cm. Su ne lebur, Silinda, m tare da nuna ƙarshen. Launin launuka kore, ja, mai ruwan hoda-ruwan hoda. Plates ne pubescent ko tare da kakin zuma shafi. A wasu nau'ikan, tushe ba ya nan, a cikin wasu yana da elongated.

Furannin furanni ƙananan ne, mai memuna biyar, a cikin siffar bararrawa tare da furanni mai laushi da sepals. Akwai launuka iri-iri: rawaya, launin shuɗi, ruwan lemo mai wuta. An tattara a cikin madaidaiciya inflorescence located on pedicels har zuwa 50 cm ba ga tsawo. A ƙarshensu, farawar jariri ya fara. Tushen tushen abu ne mai jujjuya, filiform. Wasu nau'in suna ba da harbe-harbe.

Echeveria yana kama da saurayi, amma kada ku rikita su. Na farko shuka bai yi haƙuri low zazzabi, musamman sanyi. A cikin tsiri, an girma shi a matsayin fure na fure. Matasa, a gefe guda, suna jiran daidai lokacin hunturu a bude, ko da ba tsari.

Nau'in Yankunan Echeveria

Iri daban-daban na girma a gida:

Bambancin	Mai tushe / Banana	Bar	Furanni / fure
Agave	Taqaitaccen. M da zagaye.	A ginin ya fadada, kunkuntar a tsakiya. M Emerald mai laushi. Endsarshen da aka nuna masu launin shuɗi-mai launin shuɗi tare da launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi.	Rawaya mai launin ja ko mai launin ja. Guguwar bazara ce.
Farar fata	Taqaitaccen. Har zuwa 15 cm.	Lanceolate, oblong. Gefen waje na ɗakin kwana, na ciki yana convex. Launin Emerald tare da firam mai duhu kuma tare da farar fata villi.	Red-launin ruwan kasa a kan elongated pedicels. Lokacin bazara
M	Mai Sanda. Daga manyan hanyoyin fita daga tsari na 2 su fito.	Oval-oblong tare da islet ƙare. Launi mai launin kore kuma tare da taɓawa a kan kewaye.	Scarlet, 1-2 cm a diamita. Ofarshen lokacin sanyi shine farkon bazara.
Humpalaceae Metallica	Wanda ba shi da tsari, jeri. Tare da ganye 15-20.	Lanceolate, tare da nuna ƙarshen. Yankin waje shine concave, tare da convex na ciki. Yankunan suna cikin dansandan wuta. Hue daga launin toka-shudi-kore zuwa ja-launin toka tare da fitilar wuta.	Karrarawa mai launin rawaya-rawaya, har zuwa 2 cm a diamita. A watan jiya na bazara.
Derenberg	Budewa, creeping. Daidaitaccen tsari.	Shebur, kore tare da ruwan hoda mai duhu ko duhu.	Bararrawa mai launin rawaya-rawaya akan mahalli. Daga Afrilu zuwa Yuni.
M	Ba a samu ci gaba ba. Mai yawa.	Rounded, tare da ƙarshen nuna, tare da haske kore ko tare da launin toka-shudi mai ruwan hoda.	Pink, tare da rawaya mai launin shuɗi akan shinge na shinge. Mayu
Turawa	Taqaitaccen, ciyawa. Sako-sako da	Rounded, fleshy. Green tare da silili villi, spines a ƙarshen.	Downy, launin rawaya mai launin shuɗi, 1-2 cm a diamita. Rabin farko na Maris.
Picoca	Short, madaidaiciya. Friable.	Shebur mai siffa, tare da ƙarshen islet, launin toka-shuɗi-kore.	Red, wanda yake akan shinge. Mayu - Yuni.
Shaviana	Grassy, rashin ci gaba. An rufe, siffar yau da kullun.	Flat, m, tare da nuna ƙarshen.	Pink, wanda yake kan madaidaiciya, shinge mai shinge. Yuni
Bristly	Kusan ba ya nan. An hatimce.	Lanceolate, fleshy. A ko'ina a fentin cikin launin kore mai haske. Farantin yana da launin ruwan hoda mai launin shuɗi.	Arami, har zuwa cm 1 1. An tattara su cikin inflorescences 30-40 cm. Farkon lokacin bazara.
Kayan aiki	Dogo, drooping. Karamin, har zuwa 10 cm.	Inaramin girma a cikin girman, bluish.	Rawaya akan kibiyoyi na gefe. Lokacin rani
Lau	Short ko ba ya nan. Juyarwa	Fleshy, m, mai haske-fari.	Dark ruwan hoda, wanda aka tattara cikin inflorescences. Afrilu - Mayu.
Yarima baki	Kusan gani. Juice, mai yawa.	Duhu mai duhu da tsawo tare da ƙarshen nuna.	Ja, tattara a tseren tsere. Ofarshen bazara.
Lu'u-lu'u na Nuremberg	Madaidaici, gajere. Dense, babba 10-20 cm.	Wide da m, tare da ruwan hoda-m launin toka.	Murmushi mai launi. Lokacin rani
Miranda	Babu rashi. Anana, m, a cikin kamannin kama da yawa.	Blue, purple, Scarlet, azurfa, rawaya, ruwan hoda.	Dumi ruwan hoda Lokacin bazara da bazara.

Kula da echeveria a gida

Echeveria wata itaciya ce mara ma'ana, cikakke tana ɗaukar mahalli. Kulawar fure ta lokacin a gida:

Matsayi	Lokacin bazara / bazara	Lokacin sanyi / hunturu
Zazzabi	+ 22 ... +27 ° С.	A hutawa - + 10 ... +15 ° С. Lokacin fure - ba ƙasa da + 18 ° C ba.
Haushi	Ana buƙatar bushe iska, kar a fesa.
Watse	Kamar yadda saman ya bushe.	Sau daya a wata. Tare da hutawa hunturu - kawai tare da wrinkling na ganye.
Haske	Haske kai tsaye.
Manyan miya	Sau daya a wata.	Ba a buƙata.

Saukowa

Wasu lambu suna ba da shawarar nan da nan sake kafa wata shuka daga ganga mai jigilar kaya, as kasar da ke ciki an yi niyya ne don ci gaban echeveria. Wasu kuma sun yi imani cewa idan furanni wata ne a cikin irin wannan ƙasa, ba wani mummunan abu da zai same ta. Akasin haka, maye gurbin zai fara ɗaukar nauyi, saba da sabon yanayi. Don yin wannan, sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai inuwa don bushewa mai sauƙi, kafin bayyanar asalin tushen iska.

Amfani da keɓaɓɓun kayan aikin ya haɗa daga sassan 3: 1: 1: 0.5:

ƙasar gona;
kuli-kuli;
peat;
gawayi.

Kuna iya siyan ƙasa don cacti da succulents, haɗa shi da kananan duwatsu 4 zuwa 1. Bayan shirya substrate, ana bada shawara don gwada shi don dacewa: damfara ƙasa mai laushi a dunƙule, bayan da aka gama ɓoyewa, ya kamata ya crumble.

Ana buƙatar tukunya 1-1.5 cm fiye da na baya. Succulent yana da tsarin tushen na sama, saboda haka ana buƙatar babban akwati mai zurfi amma rami tare da ramuka don malalewa.

Lokacin dasa kayan abu karami ne, ana ba da shawarar a dasa shi cikin tabarau don girma. Da zarar bushes suna da ƙarfi, ana iya tura su zuwa tukwane na dindindin. Ana amfani da manyan kwantena don sanya misalai da yawa na echeveria a lokaci daya. Ya kamata a shayar da bushes ɗin a hankali don kada tsagewar ruwa ta gudana.

Mataki-mataki-saukarwa:

Sanya wani magudanar ruwa na 2 cm.
Zuba karamin adadin substrate, saka fure a ciki.
Soilara ƙasa zuwa tushen wuya.

A cikin farin tsakuwa:

1/3 na tukunya cike da duwatsu.
Sanya wani daji a ciki.
Rufe sauran sarari tare da ragowar tsakuwa.

Da ya fi girma shuka, ya fi girma da duwatsu ya kamata.

Samari samfurori suna buƙatar dasawa sau ɗaya a shekara. Manya - kamar yadda ya cancanta, tare da haɓakar tushen ko lalacewar cututtuka, kwari.

Kiwo

Echeveria bred:

ganyen ganye;
harbe apical da basal;
da wuya aka shuka iri, saboda aiki ne mai wahala.

Hanyar haifuwa ta farko kamar haka:

Rarrabe ƙananan ganye. Dry na tsawon awanni 2.
Latsa cikin ƙasa a ɗan gangara.
Fesa, tare da rufe polyethylene.
Bar da misalin +25 ° C. Tsaftace tsari yau da kullun, sanya ciyayi.
Bayan makonni 2-3, matasa kantuna zasuyi girma. Lokacin da dasa ganye ta bushe, dasa da harbe.

Dasa basal ko harbe-harben apical:

Yanke harbe, cire ƙananan ƙananan ganye 3-4, bar wuri mai duhu na sa'o'i da yawa.
Zuba abin canzawa a cikin tukunya, riƙe kwandon shara a ciki, busar da shi.
Rike + 22 ... +24 ° C, ruwa a kowace rana.
Bayan watanni 2-3, ana iya dasa su cikin kwantena daban. Idan tsiron yayi girma a hankali, zai fi kyau jinkirta motsi har sai lokacin bazara.

Tsirrai:

A watan Fabrairu-Maris, ko'ina a rarraba.
Moisten, murfin tare da gilashi.
Rike + 20 ... +25 ° C, ruwa da iska.
Bayan watanni 2-3, dasa harbe zuwa kananan kwantena. Lokacin da bushes ya kai 3 cm, motsa su cikin tukwane na dindindin.

Matsaloli a girma echeveria

Tare da kurakurai a cikin kulawa, Echeveria ya rasa tasirin ado ko ya mutu. Sanadin matsaloli da mafita:

Kwayar cuta	Dalilai	Jiyya
Greyish spots, take hakkin maiy mai rufi.	m magani; ruwa a kan ganye.	Kar ku taɓa ganyayyaki don kada ku lalata laƙar kakin zuma. Ruwa tare da kulawa don kada ruwan ya cika ambas ɗin.
Daji ne mai rauni, saya launin toka ko baki inuwa.	Wuce hadadden danshi da sanyi.	rage yawan ruwa; sake shirya cikin ɗaki mai dumi + 25 ... +28 ° C.
Soket din ya zama sako-sako da kuma dadewa. Danshi ya bushe.	Rashin haske.	A hankali kara digiri na haske. Idan an yi shi ba zato ba tsammani, dajin zai dandana damuwa kuma ya kamu da rashin lafiya.
Furen yana girma a hankali, ganye suna karami.	ruwa kadan; ƙasa mara kyau, isasshen taki.	kara yawan yin ruwa, amma kar ka manta cewa yawan danshi shima yana cutarwa, haka kuma bushe kasar gona; dashi a cikin kayan abinci, na zamani.
Farantin kwano da kwasfa suna wrinkled, bushe.	Ba a sanyaya ƙasa a cikin wuta ba.	sake shirya tukunya a cikin wuri mai sanyi; ga ruwa.

Cututtuka da kwari na Echeveria

Cutar Echeveria ta shafi cututtuka da kwari.

Cutar / kwaro	Kwayar cuta	Hanyoyi don rabu da mu
Mealybug	Kasancewar farin farar fata, mai kama da ulu mai auduga, akan kara da kantuna. Tare da mummunan shan kashi, ganye za su bushe da fadi.	Ka ware daji daga sauran tsirrai. Ka tara kwari da hannu. Shafa furen tare da maganin sabulu-barasa (15 g ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na sabul ɗin wanka da 20 ml na ethyl barasa). Game da ƙananan lalacewa, shirya wani jiko: zuba 50 g da kiban tafarnuwa a cikin 1 lita, daga ruwan zãfi. Ku bar kwana ɗaya. Fesa tare da hanyar echeveria, substrate, tukunya. Rufe tam tare da jakar filastik kuma barin kwanaki 2. Don aiwatar da sau 3-4, tare da tazara tsakanin kwanaki 5-7. Yi amfani da shirye-shiryen maganin sayan maganin kashe kwari: Actellik, Actara, da dai sauransu. Bi ra'ayoyin a bayyane. An ba da shawarar a maye gurbin guzurin don kada kwaro ya bunkasa rigakafi a kansu.
Tushen tsutsa	Kwayoyin cutar tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga asalinsu. A ganye juya kodadde, juya rawaya, wither. Ana amfani da kakin zuma mai launin fari-mai laushi mai kama da gefen tukunyar. Kuna iya lura da kwari yayin dasawa.	Matsa zuwa sabuwar ƙasa, watsar da tsohon. Wanke da pre-tafasa tukunya. Bakara sabon ƙasa, kurkura Tushen ta ruwan zãfi. Don bi da magungunan kwari: Fitoverm, Confidor da sauransu. Bi jadawalin shayarwa. Sau ɗaya a kowane mako 4 ƙara ruwa a cikin ruwa a cikin taro na ½ (Mospilan, Regent da sauransu) cikin ruwa.
Gall nematodes	Waɗannan ƙananan tsutsotsi ne tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga rhizomes. A saboda wannan, ana ganin kumburi a kanta, wanda kwaro yake gudanar da aikinta mai mahimmanci. Tare da mummunan lalacewa, tsarin tushe ya mutu, daji ya mutu.
Tushen rot	Tushen, mai tushe, ganye sun kasance sako-sako, laushi, baki. A kore girma karami, rawaya, da dama. Sakamakon haka, daji ya mutu.	Tare da mummunan shan kashi, dole ne a hallaka shuka. Tare da ƙarancin yaduwar cutar, dasawa cikin gaggawa zai taimaka. Pre-jiƙa Tushen a cikin Bordeaux ruwa, HOMA da sauran mafita na fungicide. Bakara tukunya da ƙasa kafin dasa shuki. Yanke wuraren da abin ya shafa, ku bi da lalata da gawayi ko sulfur. Ku bushe daji tsawon sa'o'i da yawa kuma ku sake shuka. Bayan kawar da cutar, ci gaba da magani tare da kashi 0.5% na kashe-kashe don wata daya.