Cikin dabbobi masu noma

Gudanar da dabbobin gona, kamar yadda aka sani, shi ne kwarewa da kuma kiwo, tare da manyan masana'antun dabbobi da yawa suna yin amfani da ita na farko, yayin da kananan manoma da gonaki masu zaman kansu ke ba da izini su ci abinci a cikin gonaki kusa da su.

Kwanan nan, lokacin da aikin gona na noma ya zama mai karuwa, kyawawan kayan kiwo sun koma cikin wuraren da aka ba su. Duk da haka, a matsayin mai mulkin, muna magana akan gaskiyar cewa shekara ta kasu kashi biyu - tsararraki da kiwo, da kuma sauyewa daga ɗayan zuwa wancan na nuna shiriyar hankali ga jikin dabba.

Amma dai ya nuna cewa naman dabbobi a wuraren kiwon dabbobi yana yiwuwa a duk shekara, kuma wannan hanyar noma yana da wadata da dama.

A wa anne yankuna ne suke yin kiwo a ƙarshen kaka da hunturu

Tun da yake Rasha ta zama abin da ake tsammani a matsayin kasa inda yanayin damuwa ya kasance mai tsanani, kullun suna da daskarewa da kuma dusar ƙanƙara, tsire-tsire na hunturu a fadin sararin samaniya yana ganin ba zai yiwu ba. Kuma lalle ne, ga masu kiwon gida irin wannan hanya don kula da garken shanu ba na hali ba ne.

A halin yanzu, Amirkawa sun yi nasarar gudanar da aikin shekara-shekara, a cikin iska, kuma wannan tsarin yana aiki da ban sha'awa, har ma a jihohi arewacin kasar.

Yana da muhimmanci! Kyawawan hunturu yana yiwuwa a yi amfani da su ba kawai a cikin kasashe masu zafi ba, har ma a yankuna tare da yanayin nahiyar da na yanayi.

Musamman ma, manoma sukan kawo dabbobin su daga Arewa Dakota zuwa wuraren hunturu, inda yawan zafin jiki a watan Janairu ya samo daga -8 zuwa -16 ° C, kuma yawancin zafin jiki ya kasance -51.1 ° C. Tabbas mai kyau, cirewar dabbobi zuwa wuraren hutawa a ƙarshen kaka har ma a cikin hunturu za a iya aiwatar (kuma a wani ɓangare), musamman a cikin yankuna kamar haka:

• Babban Tarayyar Tarayya na Rasha;
• Ƙasa Ƙasa;
• Gabas Siberia;
• Transbaikalia;
• Transcaucasia;
• North Caucasus;
• Asia ta Tsakiya;
• Kazakhstan

Shin kuna sani? Mutanen Turkic da Mongoliya ba su shiga cikin hunturu ba. A cikin harshen Mongoliya ba ma kalmomi da ke nuna ma'anar "sito" ko kuma "yanka" ba. Sai kawai da zuwan Soviet ikon, wanda, a hanya, ya lalata, saboda rashin amfani, duk dabbobin gida na shanu da ƙananan dabbobi, waɗanda suka jure wa ɗakin da ke cikin sararin sama, an yarda su sanya dabbobi a cikin kwalliya don hunturu. Don haka, musamman, kabilar Yakut da Bashkir, na shanun, sun bace.

A wa annan yankuna, masu shayarwa na dabba suna da damar yin amfani da manyan wuraren da ake samu a duniya - steppe, Semi da hamada da hamada. Saboda saboda mummunan yanayin da tsire-tsiren da suke girma a nan, a tsarin juyin halitta, sun gudanar da tsarin samar da karfi da karfi, ba tare da karuwa kawai ba yayin lokacin warming, amma kuma cikewar ciyawa mai tsayi yana da tsayayyar tamanin.

Shin kuna sani? A shekara ta 2015, a Moscow a kan Novy Arbat, a matsayin wani ɓangare na tsarin musayar kayayyaki, an buɗe gidan cin abinci na gidan Shepherd da gidan cin abinci, abin tunawa shine kudan zuma nama (ciki har da marmara), naman alade da rago. Dabbobi, wadanda aka ba da nama zuwa gagarumin ginin, suna kan garken kyauta a duk tsawon shekara, wanda masu mallaka ba su da gajiya akan kwatanta kayayyaki masu kyauta ba tare da samfurori mafi kyau daga samfurori na nama ba daga Turai.

Abubuwan da ake amfani da su a lokacin hunturu

Dabbobin daji a kowane lokaci na shekara suna da amfani da yawa a kan kullun, wato:

• yana taimakawa wajen rage yawan farashin dabbobin, musamman, kudin sayen, fitar da adana abinci (rage farashin da ke ba da farashin farashin nama da kayan kiwo, wanda zai haifar da samar da karin kayan aiki);
• yana ba da izini sosai kuma kusan ba tare da ƙarin ƙoƙari don shirya makiyaya don amfanin gona ba. A lokacin ciyarwa, dabbobin da kullunsu suna tattake cikin sashi na iri. A sakamakon haka, shuka yanayi, yana samar da yawan amfanin gona sosai a farkon shekara ta gaba saboda yawancin takin gargajiya - ƙwayar doki da fitsari, kuma manomi baya daukar nauyin kima don sayan da yin amfani da waɗannan takin mai magani;
• kudan zuma yana iya ƙaruwa: yiwuwar motsin jiki da kuma kyautar abincin shine hanya mafi kyau don hana lameness - daya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin shanu da aka ajiye a dakin. Bugu da ƙari, ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa iska mai iska ya ƙarfafa tsarin kula da dabbobi, ya kwantar da hankalinsu na jiki, na numfashi da na zuciya;
• Alamar muhalli na nama da kayayyakin kiwo suna inganta: gwaninta kyauta a kan makiyaya a ƙasashe masu tasowa ana daukar su ne ainihin mahimmanci da ke tabbatar da daidaitattun dabbobi.

Yana da muhimmanci! An kiyasta cewa kowace rana na hutun hunturu yana samar wa manomi da tsinkayyar kimanin hamsin hamsin ga saniya.

Manoma sun ce yana da sauƙi don saba wa garken shanu zuwa hunturu. Kuna buƙatar barin su a cikin turkusa bayan ruwan dusar ƙanƙara na farko, kuma a maimakon haka ku aika shi makiyaya kamar dai babu abinda ya faru. Kwayoyin dabbobi sun gane cewa ciyawa ba ta ɓacewa ba, amma yana karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, kuma fara fara cire shi. A akasin wannan, karɓar abinci mai shiri daga mai kulawa mai kulawa, dabba, bisa ga dukan ka'idodin ilimin halayyar mutum, ya fahimci cewa wani ya kamata yayi aiki (aikin kai na abinci na dabba shine aiki) kuma yana buƙatar abinci, yana nuna yadda ake jin yunwa tare da dukan sa ido.

Abin da kuke buƙatar ciyarwa

Duk da cewa akwai adadin alkama a lokacin sanyi na shekarar, dabbobi zasu iya samuwa a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, wannan bai isa ba don abincin da ke cike da ƙwayar da ke samar da ci gaban al'ada da kyakkyawan samuwa.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa fasahar kaya ta kyauta a cikin hunturu da rani yana da bambanci da juna. Musamman ma, lokacin da aka tura garken zuwa makiyaya mai dusar ƙanƙara, dole ne manomi ya fara tabbatar da cewa akwai karin abinci a cikin nau'i na abinci tare da abinci. Wadannan swaths suna kewaye da su a cikin wani alkalami, kuma kawai bayan da cewa shanu fara a can.

Kara karantawa game da yadda za a kiwo da shanu a cikin makiyaya.

A matsayin kari, ana amfani da abinci mai mahimmanci (hay, bambaro, haylage), tare da gauraye na musamman na shuke-shuke daji da aka haife tare da babban mai tushe, alal misali, da farko masara da hatsi. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin abincin dabbobi dole ne a kasance nauyin ma'adinai (premixes da sauran kayan hade mai gina jiki).

Amintaccen kari na dabbobi a kan kyaun kiwo a cikin hunturu yana da asirinta:

1. Yawancin swaths da ake nufi da ciyar da garken tumaki a ko'ina cikin hunturu suna kan makiyaya, amma ana fara dabbobi ne kawai a wurare daban-daban, kuma, ba tare da fararen shinge na farko ba, kana buƙatar yin zobe na biyu, in ba haka ba dabbobi masu rarrafe za su hallaka duk tsararru na ajiya a kwanakin farko, don neman ciyawa a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara. Yayinda ake ciyar da abinci daga waƙa, an shinge shinge a shafin da ke kusa.
2. An yi amfani da mafi yawancin ciyawa da ciyawa mai kyau ga kananan 'yan mata na ƙarshen shekaru uku na ciki da kwanakin farko na lactation.
3. Muddin akwai isasshen busassun ciyawa a cikin makiyaya, shanu suna cinyewa a wuraren da ba'a da wasu karin abinci. An ba su damar ciyar da wasu dabbobi kawai a wannan lokacin lokacin da ya bayyana cewa basu daina buƙatar abinci na makiyaya.
4. Yin amfani da makiyaya na hunturu ya faru a kan ka'idojin daga makircin makirci ga maƙwabta, wanda ke kusa da wurin ajiyar ajiyar ajiya na abinci. Irin wannan jerin shine mafi mahimmanci.

Yana da muhimmanci! An lura cewa daga cikin nau'o'in shanu a cikin gida, shanun Kalmyk da kuma Kazakh masu launin fari sunyi dacewa da kyautar kiwo a cikin lokacin hunturu. Amirkawa sun fi son amfani da irin wannan yanayin da aka tsare a Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus da Breeds, wanda sananne ne ga manomanmu.

Ya kamata a lura cewa ciyawa bushe a cikin rollers, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar iska mai sanyi da kuma samun iska na jiki, suna riƙe da ɗanɗanar da yafi kyau kuma ya fi tsayi fiye da yadda aka adana abinci a ɗakin rufe. Ko da a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, hay yana iya zama m, kamar dai ana kiyaye shi, godiya ga abin da dabbobi suke jin dadin abincin tare da jin dadi na musamman (kuma a cikin sanyi, kamar yadda ka sani, ci abinci ne mai kyau, don haka tsarin tsarin hunturu yana bawa dama don inganta lafiyar dabbobi, amma har ma qara yawan fatalinsu da riba).

Yadda za a ruwa

A cikin hunturu mai sanyi, babu buƙata don ciyar da dabbobi a kan makiyaya: lokacin da ake neman ciyawa a karkashin dusar ƙanƙara, yayata shi tare da tsutsawa ko kuma kai ga abubuwan da aka rufe a kan dusar ƙanƙara, dabbobin suna cin abincin tare da dusar ƙanƙara, suna samar da abinci tare da ruwa.

Muna ba da shawara ka karanta game da yadda za ka zabi sace mai kyau, yadda zaka ciyar da kifi da bushe maras kyau, menene hanyoyi na kula da shanu, da kuma gano yadda nauyin shanu ya dogara.

Duk da haka, idan babu dusar ƙanƙara a cikin makiyaya, akwai ruwan sha a can. A matsayinka na yau da kullum, dole ne a ciyar da dabbobi bayan kowace ciyarwa.

Kariya daga shanu daga iska mai sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara

Lokacin da aka aiko da shanu don cin ganyayyaki, kada kowa ya manta cewa yanayin sanyi na dabbobi na dabbobi iri-iri na da iyakokinta. Ana bada shawara don kare dabbobi daga tsananin sanyi, ta tura su zuwa filayen abinci na musamman. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin yanayin zafi, iska mai ƙarfi, blizzards da snowstorms suna da haɗari ga dabbobi. Don kada a halakar da garke a cikin irin wannan yanayi mai tsanani, an shirya kwalliya a kusa da makiyaya - koguna, fences tare da ganuwar da ke da kyau ko dakuna dakuna a bude tare da wani yanki na akalla mita mita dari. m a kan kananan kananan shanu da mita 3. m ga kowane babba mai girma (rabin al'ada na al'ada na naman shanu).

Yana da muhimmanci! A matsakaita, ƙananan dabbobi da shanu za a iya kiyaye su a waje a yanayin zafi kamar low -25 ° C.

Don kaucewa ambaliyar kwalliya, daɗaɗɗen ƙasa a cikin irin waɗannan nau'in an rufe shi da bambaro ko wasu kayan litter. A cikin irin wannan tsari, ana kiyaye garken har sai yanayin ya daidaita.

Kwancen da ake amfani da ita a cikin lokacin sanyi ya fahimci wasu mutane a matsayin mai girma Tsakiya, amma duk da haka, ana amfani da wannan hanyar ta hanyar cibiyoyin dabbobi a yamma. Yana da zurfin ilimin kimiyya, ya dace da tsarin tattalin arziki da kuma cika ka'idodin aikin noma.