Itace tsararriyar litattafan litattafai daga al'adun Succulents, dan gidan Aiza, ana kiranta dutsen mai rai. Tana girma a cikin jejin Afirka (Afirka ta Kudu, Botswana, Namibia, Chile). Masu tattara suna son shi saboda launuka iri-iri da kuma alamu na musamman akan ganye.
Kalmar "Littattafai" na asalin Girkanci ne kuma a zahiri ana fassara shi da "kasancewa da kamannin dutse." John William Burchel ne ya fara gabatar da wannan shuka ga Turai. Ya sadu da litattafai game da Cape of Good Hope kuma ya bayyana shi a cikin kundin tarihin shi game da labarin kasa, wanda aka buga a 1815.
Bayanin Littattafai
A farfajiya na kasar gona, tsiron yayi kama da fuka-fukan biyu, da aka fiskance, da ƙusoshin da ke da rabuwa da tsintsiya madaurinki daya mai kama da ƙananan duwatsu masu laushi ko huɗun teku. Littattafan marubuta sun koyi kwaikwayon launi da kuma yanayin adabi na ƙasa, ɗaukar launi daga launin kore zuwa shuɗi, daga launin fata zuwa launin ruwan kasa.
- Wannan karamin tsiron ya girma zuwa 5 cm ba ga tsayi ba ya fi girma cm 4 Babu tsinkaye a cikin karatuttukan.
- Ganyen suna kanana kaɗan, suna da siffar zagaye a gefunan, a saman wani ɗakin kwana. Tsawonsu da fadin su daidai yake - har zuwa cm 5. Sabuwar harbe da kibiya mai haifar da furanni suna tsiro daga abin da ya faru tsakanin wata tsohuwar ganye.
- Furanni masu nunin furanni na 2.5-3 cm suna kama da fararen fata da rawaya, a cikin wasu nau'ikan launuka na ruwan lemo (gilashin kai). Wasu suna da warin da aka ambata. A karo na farko, an bude buds a tsakar rana. Fulawa ya wuce kadan fiye da mako guda.
- Tushen tsirrai suna haɓaka haɓaka, sau da yawa mafi girma fiye da sashin iska. Tare da matsanancin fari, Tushen suna zana ruwan ƙwayoyin ganye a cikin ƙasa, don haka ya ceci su da kansu daga mutuwa.
Shahararrun nau'ikan litattafai
A cikin duka, rubutattun litattafan litattafai 37 ne aka kuma bayyana su. Amma waɗannan tsire-tsire ba sa bayyana a kan siyarwa.
Mafi mashahuri:
| Take | Bar | Furanni |
| Olive kore | Launin Malachite tare da ɗigunan haske a saman babban gefen. Haɗe sama da kusan duka tsayi, tare da diamita of 2 cm. | Rawaya |
| Ingantattun abubuwa | An ware shi daga tushe, dan kadan ya zama a sama. A launi ne muffled kore, launin toka. Akwai mutane masu launin shuɗi. | Fari, tare da stamens cream. |
| Aucamp | Dark, launin toka-kore, launin ruwan kasa akan ruwa. 3-4 cm tsayi. | Yellowish, in mun gwada da manyan, har zuwa 4 cm a diamita. |
| Leslie | Arami, ba tsayi sama da cm 2. Haske kore, duhu daga sama, ƙwanƙwasa. | Fari, tare da ƙanshi mai daɗin ƙanshi. |
| Marmara | Grey, tare da canza launin launi daga ƙasa zuwa sama daga haske zuwa duhu. Suna fadada sama, wanda yasa shuka yayi kama da zuciya a tsari. | A diamita, fi girma fiye da ganye (5 cm). Sand launi. |
| Kawa | Tselindrovidnye, ya yi ƙasa a saman. Inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa tare da launin ruwan kasa, kusan cakulan da jan baki da ratsi. | Karamin lemun tsami. |
| Volka | Suna da kama-da, suna da farin haske. Canza launi daga shuɗi-launin toka-launin toka-lilac. Farfaɗo yana cike da aibobi. Cikakke ba shi da zurfi, ya rarraba ganyayyaki zuwa lobes marasa daidaituwa. | Zinare |
| Pintle | Brown tare da bulo ja tint. Tare suna da siffar elongated, suna kama da wake kofi. | Wasu daga cikin mafi kyau da girma. Girman su shine 4 cm a diamita. Launin ya canza daga fari a cikin zuciyar zuwa ruwan hoda a tsakiya da murjani ja a gefuna. |
| Kyawawan kyau | Matte kore tare da fure smoky. Rounded, disse disse, kowannensu yayi kama da digo, kuma, an haɗa su a nau'i-nau'i, suna kama da fashewar zuciya. | Farin tare da tsakiyar duhu rawaya, Bloom a watan Satumba, exuding ƙanshi mai daɗi. |
Zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya sun gano da kuma bayyana sabbin nau'ikan littattafan litattafai. Don haka, na ƙarshe, Lithops amicorum ya bayyana a 2005.
Littattafai a cikin daji
A karkashin yanayin halitta, rayuwa da haɓaka waɗannan tsirrai sun dogara da kakar, i.e. yanayi na fari da ruwan sama:
- A lokacin rani, a lokacin bushewa tare da tsawon sa'o'in hasken rana, inji yana hutawa.
- A lokacin ruwan sama da ke faɗowa a kaka, litattafan haɓaka suna girma, suna jefa kibiya tare da toho, yana bushewa, yana haifar da 'ya'yan itace.
- A cikin hunturu, idan hasken rana yayi gajarta, sabon ma'aurata zai fara tasowa a ƙarƙashin murfin tsoffin ganye. Yana ciyarwa kuma yana girma da nauyin waɗanda suke saman ƙasa, sannu a hankali bushewa da kuma thinning su.
- A lokacin bazara, damana ta sake buɗewa, tsoffin ganye suna buɗewa, suna buɗe sababbi. Wadancan, biyun, suna cike da danshi, suna kara girman girman ganye.
Littattafai a cikin mazauninsu na asali sun dogara da yalwar danshi, zafi da daukar hoto, watau haske. Wadannan abubuwan yakamata a yi la’akari da su yayin da ake girma tsirrai a gida.
Abin sha'awa, rata tsakanin kowace sabbin ganye tana da karkasuwa ga wacce ta gabata. Wani lokaci, maimakon biyu, zanen gado huɗu na iya fitowa a cikin haske, ana haɗa su nau'i-nau'i. A wannan yanayin, tushen tsarinsu zai zama gama gari. Don haka a tsawon shekaru, mulkin mallakar majami'u ya haɓaka. Suna kama da tsire-tsire masu zaman kansu, amma suna da tsarin tushen gama gari.
Littattafan marubuta suna kula da gida
Littattafan litattafai sun koyi yadda ake rayuwa inda talakawa ke yanke hukuncin mutuwa. Suna girma da kyau har ma suna fure a gida tare da kulawa da hankali. Don yin wannan, dole ne ku bi ka'idodi kaɗan.
Watse
Isasshen teaspoons 3-4 na ruwa. Ya kamata a rarraba su a gefen tukunyar kuma a kasance suna amfani da daskararren kwanon. Dole ne a bar ruwa ya faɗi akan ganyayyaki kuma, ƙari kuma, ya yi ɗorawa a cikin sinuses.
Daga wannan shayarwa zuwa wani, kasar gona zata bushe gaba daya. Kuma gaskiyar cewa shuka yana buƙatar danshi, zai gaya dan kadan wrinkled bawo na ganye.
Yawancin ɗakunan karatun suna jin tsoron ambaliya. Ganyen an tsara shi ne don tara danshi kuma ana iya jujjuya shi idan an sha ruwa sosai. Don adana irin waɗannan lokutan ba zai yiwu ba.
Tukunya, ƙasa, magudanar ruwa
Don cikakken haɓaka tsarin tushe mai ƙarfi, kuna buƙatar tukunya mai zurfi da fadi, a ƙasa wanda aka sanya rufin magudanar ruwa. Don gujewa bushewa daga ƙasa, za a iya sanya pebbles ko pebbles na kwandon ado a cikin akwati. Soilasa ɗaya ce da ta cacti: haske da numfashi.
Wuri, Haske
Kamar kowane babban nasara, suna ƙaunar wurare masu haske. Suna haɓaka da kyau kuma suna girma a gaban window ɗin da ke fuskantar kudu ko gabas. Burnone hasken rana na iya haifar da ƙonewar zafi.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa litattafan suna cikin wuri guda, ba za a iya motsa su ba, juya su, saboda wannan na iya sa su rashin lafiya. Kada ku yi haƙuri da zayyana da kuma dumama a cikin hunturu.
Takin mai magani, aiki
Da takin mai magani ba sa bukatar. Amma sun fi son maye gurbin ƙasa da dasawa aƙalla a cikin kowane shekaru 2. Kowace shekara, a ƙarshen kaka, ganye da ƙasa a ƙasa dole ne a bi da su da ƙwayoyin kwari (Actara, Spark, da dai sauransu.) Dole ne a yi taka tsantsan. Magungunan suna da guba.
Siffofin Kula da Lokacin
| Yanayi | Yanayi | Watse |
| Lokacin rani | Lokacin hutawa. | Hankali. Idan ya cancanta sosai, kawai ruwan saman ne yake jika. |
| Fadowa | Itace tana farkawa. | Mai yawa amma da wuya ana buƙata. Kibiya fure tana bayyana tsakanin ganye. Furen fure. |
| Hunturu | Girma yana raguwa. | Dakatar da shi. Guda biyu na ganye fara bushe. An rage zafin jiki a cikin dakin zuwa + 10 ... 12 ° 12. |
| Lokacin bazara | Tsoffin ganye sukan mutu kuma an mai da su sababbi. | Sabunta. |
Sake bugun, dasawa
A gida, yana da sauƙin girma litattafan litattafai daga tsaba. Shuka su ya fi kyau a farkon bazara.
Mataki-mataki-mataki koyar don girma daga tsaba:
- Shirya ƙasa. Haɗa peat, yashi kogin, ƙasa mai kazanta, tubalin ja a daidai sassa, calcine.
- A cikin akwatin saukowa tare da ƙananan tarnaƙi, sanya ƙasa, matakin, ɗauka da sauƙi tam, ɗauka a hankali sosai.
- Jiƙa da tsaba a cikin wani bayani da manganese na 6 hours.
- Raw baza a kan ƙasa.
- Don cika tare da karamin Layer na ƙasa. Rufe aljihun tebur tare da gilashi ko ƙulla tare da fim ɗin manne.
- Saita yanayin dare da rana daga +10 ° C zuwa +20 ° C.
- Kowace rana shirya iska don 'yan mintoci da yawa, buɗe gilashin, shafa goge, ɗaukar ƙasa tare da kwalban fesa.
- Tare da kulawa da ta dace, bayan kwanaki 6-8, tsaba zasuyi girma kuma harbe zasu bayyana.
- Fara da taka tsantsan game da shayarwa, yi iska ta fi tsayi, amma kada ka cire tsari gaba daya.
- Bayan watanni 1.5, lokacin da aka samar da tsire-tsire kuma aka ƙarfafa, kuɗo cikin tukwane na guda 2-3. Idan aka tara mutane, suna da himma sosai.
Littattafan jujjuyawar jujjuyawar ƙasa suna kasancewa lokacin da suka girma sosai. Yi wannan da hankali don kada zurfafa yankin girma kuma kada a bijirar da tushen. Zai fi kyau a cikin tukwane na wuta domin tushen tsarin ba ya zafi.
Cututtuka da kwari da litattafai
| Cutar | Alamu | Matakan magancewa |
| Mealybug | Ganyen an rufe shi da farin plaque, launin rawaya ya bayyana. | Wanke da ruwa mai soapy, magance tare da kwari (Actara, Spark, da dai sauransu) |
| Tushen tsutsa | An rufe gefan tukunya daga tukunyar farin, Tushen ya yi launin toka. | Juyawa An wanke Tushen da ruwan zafi, tare da maganin kwari. Ana maye gurbin cakar-wiwi. |
| Aphids | Bar, ganga an rufe shi da dunƙule mai laushi, mai kama da sikar sukari. Kwayoyi masu ganuwa. | Shafa da sabulu bayani, fesa tare da taba jiko ko kwari. |
Da yake sayan sau ɗaya, ba shi yiwuwa ya kasance rashin kulawa ga wannan tsiron mai ban mamaki, yana kama da duwatsun sanyi a cikin bayyanar, amma ajiye yanki na jeji a ciki. Littattafai Littattafai ne marasa ma'ana kuma bayyane don saduwa da kowa, da godiya da kulawa ga kulawa da kuma gamsar da shekara-shekara tare da kyawawan fure da ƙanshin mai ƙanshi.
