Daya daga cikin shahararrun abubuwan samar da cacti shine echinocactus ko cactus echinopsis. Itace wanda yake da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe mai tushe zuwa hamada mai zafi na Mexico, ana iya samunsa a cikin kudu maso yamma na Amurka.
Cikakken fassarar sunan yana nuna fasalin waje. "Hedgehog murtsunguwa" yana da tsinkayen maras nauyi, wanda ya kai tsayinsa ya kai mita 3. An rufe shi da manyan allura, yana ba da kama ga shinge.
Irin wannan nau'ikan karafa ana birgima a cikin ɗakin. Idan an samar masa da kulawa ta dace a gida, yakan yi fure mai kyan gani, baya da na fure. A cikin wurare masu zafi, ana amfani da echinocactus a cikin lambun kayan lambu na lambuna na gida.
Bayanin janar na echinocactus
Cactus echinocactus nasa ne mai siffar mahaifa (Gidan Cactus). A yanayi ya kai girman girma. Na farko, mai tushe na shuka suna da daidai siffar mai siffar zobe, sannan ya miƙe.
Sakamakon haka, suna kama da itace mai mita 3 tare da gangar jikin gangar jiki har zuwa 1.5 m. Yawancin mutanen da suka gan su da gaskiya a cikin jejin Mojave ko a cikin hoto a yanayin yanayi ba su kwatanta cewa muna magana ne game da shuka iri ɗaya da mutane da yawa ke da su a gida.
Succulents ji mai girma ba tare da ruwa. A cewar wasu nazarin, suna kama siginar lantarki daga kayan lantarki da kyau, suna kare mai amfani daga cutarwa mai cutarwa.
Mahimmin fasali:
- Tsarin mai sifa a cikin tsirrai matasa masu yawa tare da haƙarƙarin riba (kusan guda 50 a cikin jinsunan mutum) tare da kashin baya. Tare da shekaru, shimfiɗa sama.
- Areoles suna da girma.
- Furanni masu launin ja, ruwan hoda da rawaya tare da walƙiya. Bayyana a saman (wani lokacin radially a cikin da'irori da yawa), suna da kunkuntar, ƙananan filayen.
- Shekarun kowane tsirrai ya kai shekaru 500.
- Matsakaicin nauyi - 1 t.
Iri Echinocactus
| Take | Sigogi na jiki | Yanayin ruwa mai gudana da yanayin ƙasa |
| Echinocactus gruzoni (Ecinocactus grusonii) | Nisa har zuwa 40 cm, akwai spikes masu kaifi masu launuka masu yawa har zuwa mm 30, a tsakiyar - har zuwa 50 mm. Top tare da farin bristles. Yawancin lokaci yana da hakarkarin 35-45. Ya zama mafi girma, yana riƙe da faɗaɗinsa bayan kimanin shekaru 13. | Tare da kulawa na yau da kullun a gida, zai iya yin fure, amma yakan faru da wuya. |
| Echinocactus squamulus (chchinoinoino pla pla E ch))) | Tsayi a cikin yanayi ya kai nisan mita 2 zuwa fadi. Radial launin toka yana zuwa 45 mm a girma. 3-4 na tsakiya - har zuwa 45 mm. Yana da furanni masu launin rawaya masu launin shuɗi zuwa 40 mm a tsinkayen. | Amfani da shi don wuraren shimfidar wurare masu ban sha'awa a cikin yankuna na kudanci, Conservatories. Yana blooms quite sau da yawa a cikin wani Apartment. |
| Echinocactus lebur mai siffar zobe, kwance (Echinocactus horizonthalonius) | Tsayi daya har zuwa 23 cm, hakarkarinsa ya juya zuwa karkace. Matasa mai tsire-tsire yana da filayen fulawa har 6. Spines a wani matashi mai launin ja, daga ƙarshe sun sami launi ruwan lemo. Furannin furanni na Lilac tare da launin toka har zuwa 40 mm a girma suna bayyana a kan kambi mai faɗi. | Auren blooms nasara, ana amfani da shi don gyara shimfidar wuri kananan lambuna hunturu. Yana sa saukowa mafi ban sha'awa saboda ƙananan hancin. |
| Ecinocactus polycephalus (Echinocactus polycephalus) | Height har zuwa 70 cm, yana girma sosai sau da yawa a cikin rukuni. Gangar jikin yana da haƙarƙari 20, hancin radial - 50 mm, tsakiya - har zuwa 60 mm. Spines na ocher launi ana hango su daga gefe kamar yadda ruwan hoda yake, wani lokacin spines rawaya ce. Cactus yana samar da furanni masu launin rawaya akan kambi tare da ƙyalli har zuwa 60 mm. | Kusan baya yin fure a gida. |
| Texas na Echinocactus | Gwal mai sihiri, dan kadan katako wanda aka auna har zuwa cm 30 a fadin tsayinsa ya kai 20 cm yana da 13-24 rkber, kambi mai farin fari. Tsarin kashin tsakiya ya kai 60 mm; radial bends yana da tsawo zuwa 40 mm. Furanni furanni ne mai launin shuɗi, tare da jan launi. | Ana amfani dashi a cikin shimfidar wuraren shimfidar wuri na kayan lambu na lambun hunturu. Gudun ruwa mai haske yana da kyan gani. |
| Echinocactus parry (Echinocactus parryi) | Gefen yana da launin toka-shuɗi mai launi, tare da radius ɗinsa ya kai cm 30 Adadin haƙarƙarinsa ya kai 15. Ya kasance daga 6 zuwa 11 na kashin kai, 4 a tsakiya. A cikin tsire-tsire matasa, kashin baya masu launin ruwan hoda-launin shuɗi, sannan sai ku samo farin launi. Tushen sau da yawa rot. | Girma yana da wahala, tare da kulawar gida na yau da kullun yana da kyawawan rukunin wuri mai faɗi. Germination a cikin Apartment yanayi ne maras. Asali daga Arewacin Mexico. |
| Echinocactus da yawa-shugaban (J.M. Bigelow) | Gidan ya kai 70 cm a diamita. Tana da kyawawan kyawawan allurai launuka daban-daban: ja-kasa-kasa, ja ko rawaya, yawan haƙarƙarin har guda 20. | An rarraba shi cikin jejin Mojave. Amfani da shi azaman furannin gida na ado. |
Lura cewa shahararren allurar allurar-allura (Ferocactus latispinus) baya cikin echinocactus. Daga cikin sauran nau'ikan cacti, stapelia, thaumcraft, echinocereus suma sun shahara.
Fasali na girma echinocactus da kuma kulawa da shi
Echinocactus kusan baya buƙatar kulawa, yana haɓaka a hankali.
Duk cacti suna ƙaunar hasken haske, ba su tsoron rana da canje-canje. Haka kuma, na karshen na iya haifar da mutuwarsa. A cikin bazara, an dasa shuki, sannan aka canza shi zuwa rana.
Haske
Cacti yana ƙaunar haske har ma da walƙiya. Suna jin cewa sun fi dacewa a cikin yanki mai amfani da hasken wuta a gefen kudu. Sun yi haƙuri da zafi sosai. Kara yana isar da haske har zuwa hasken, saboda haka ana sauya tsire-tsire a kai a kai.
Duk da rashin daidaituwa, idan mai shi yana da sha'awar inganta bayyanar da rigar sa, kuna buƙatar yin tunani game da hasken wutar lantarki.
Echinocactus mai launin ja yana da matukar damuwa ga haske. Tare da hasken rana mai kyau, launinta ya yi haske sosai kuma ya zama cikakke. Wannan shine mafi girma ko characterasa da halayyar dukkan echinocactus.
Zazzabi
Yin la'akari da misalin cutar echinocactus na Jojiya a gida, ya kamata a lura da buƙatar kula da tsarin zafin jiki. Zai ji daɗi duka a gonar hunturu da kuma taga ta kudu. A lokaci guda, masana suna ba da shawarar samar da kewayon zazzabi mai mahimmanci. A lokacin bazara, ana fitar da cacti a kan baranda ko wani dakin mai sanyaya.
| Yanayin Zazzabi | Yanayin tsarewa |
| + 18 ... +23 ° C | A cikin bazara / bazara (idan sama da +30 ° C - akwai lokacin hutu). |
| + 10 ... +12 ° C | Lokacin sanyi / hunturu |
| + 7 ... +8 ° C | An halatta bambance bambancen zafin jiki na yau da kullun na lambun hunturu. |
| a kasa +8 ° C | Itace ta mutu. |
Watering, zafi
A lokacin rani, ana buƙatar shayar da shuka ba sau 2 a wata.
Matsakancin shayarwa a lokacin sanyi yana ƙaruwa sau 2 ko 2.5. Wannan yana buƙatar ruwan zafin jiki mara dakin chlorinated. A kasar gona ya kamata dan kadan m, amma ba sosai rigar. An tsaya da ruwa a + 15 ° C.
Ilasa, saman miya
Don takin zamani, ana amfani da abubuwan tari don succulents, a cikin lokacin ana ciyar dasu sau 1-2 daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba.
Kuna iya haɓaka adadin sutturar, kuma takin kowane mako 3. Echinocactus gruzona tare da ƙasa mai gina jiki ya zama mai haske. A saboda wannan dalili, yana da mahimmanci don sabunta ƙasa, ta amfani da keɓaɓɓiyar ƙasa daga turf, ƙasa, pumice, yashi da gawayi. Koyaya, wannan bai isa ba, launuka masu haske na kashin baya suna ba da lokacin shayar da dyes.
Juyawa
Ana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin bazara, sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3-5, da farko don sabunta ƙasa mai lalacewa.
Don waɗannan dalilai, ana amfani da keɓaɓɓun don abubuwan maye, waɗanda za a iya shirya su daban-daban daga takaddar daidai, takardar ƙasa, yashi, ƙamshin fure da gawayi.
Duk lokacin da aka watsa su cikin sabon akwati, mafi kwanciyar hankali tare da babban daskarar da tukunyar. Babban tsire-tsire masu girma-girma kusan ba sa buƙatar sabuntar da substrate.
Tsarin ƙasa
- An dage farawa da magudanar ruwa a gindin;
- cire tsohuwar ƙasa daga tushen murtsarar don hana acidification;
- dasawa ne da za'ayi ba tare da wuce kima zurfin a cikin ƙasa tattalin.
Gudun ruwa
Echinocactus blooms da wuya, buds suna fitowa ne kawai a wasu nau'ikan balaga daga shekaru 20. Furanni suna bayyana akan kambi, yawanci a lokacin bazara.
Kiwo
Juyawar echinocactus ana gudana tare da taimakon yara da tsaba.
Yara
Yawancin lokaci, yara ba sa kafa manufa, musamman akan hudson.
Don tsokano katako, yakamata a lalace. A saboda wannan, fewan m scratches isa, tare da mai girma lalacewar shuka zai yi rashin lafiya da fara rot.
Rooting yara:
- rabu da shekara shida da shekara shida;
- na tsawon kwanaki 2-3 a sararin sama tare da Tushen peeled daga ƙasa;
- dasawa cikin yashi da aka zuba ko cakuda peat tare da yashi, ƙusa ƙasa kuma gyara ɗan tare da haƙorin haƙora;
- bayan watanni 1-2, an watsa shi cikin babban tukunya.
Tsaba
Lokacin girma echinocactus daga tsaba, ana shuka kayan a cikin ƙasa a cikin ƙarshen hunturu (Fabrairu). Don waɗannan dalilai, yi amfani da filayen sako ƙasa, cakuda ciyawar ciyayi da yashi daidai gwargwado.
Tsaba suna shimfiɗa ƙasa a kan ƙasa na kwantena, a yayyafa shi da ƙasa, a fesa kuma an rufe shi da fim. An sanya greenhouse a kan taga kuma ana kiyaye ta a zazzabi na + 26 ... +30 ° C. Tsaba yana girma bayan makonni biyu. An sa su a cikin greenhouse ga wata, sannan matasa tsire-tsire sun saba da yanayin cikin gida.
Mista Dachnik yayi kashedin: cututtuka da kwari na echinocactus
Manyan cututtukan cactus suna da alaƙa da kulawa mara kyau.
Wannan koyaushe yana bayyana kanta ba zato ba tsammani, alamar lalacewa yara ne mai duhu, busasshe. A wannan yanayin, suna kafe kai tsaye. Idan murtsunguwa ta murmure, an bar sabon harbe a wurin.
Echinocactus galibi yakan shafi kwari gizo-gizo, tsutsotsi da kwari masu kwari. Don kawar da cutar, an wanke shuka sosai tare da ruwa mai dumi, ana rufe ƙasa da fim.
Sauran hanyoyin magance kwari:
- gogewa;
- fesa sigari;
- idan lalacewar shuka ta hanyar gurguntaccen ƙwayoyin cuta ko ticks - shayarwa tare da bayani na Actellic sau 2 a wata (sau 2-3 a jere ya isa).
Yadda za a gano cututtukan fata:
- tsutsotsi suna kama da ƙaramin kwari da aka rufe da murfin kakin zuma;
- ticks na bayyane a bayyane a cikin launin ruwan kasa ko ɗigon ja, a ƙarƙashinsu zaku ga mutuƙar lalacewa a cikin akwati;
- Scabies suna da launi mai launin shuɗi-launin toka, yada cututtukan fungal.
Marasa lafiya tsire-tsire ko da yaushe keɓe keɓewa.
Amfani da echinocactus
Ana amfani da tsire-tsire na Echinocactus a cikin wuri mai faɗi da kuma aikin lambu na ciki. Yawancin kayan haɗin tsire-tsire na cactus na shekaru daban-daban suna da kyau. A cikin gida, suna haɓaka kuzari.
A Meziko, an shirya 'ya'yan itatuwa iri iri (bisagnaga) da kayan zaki daga wasu nau'in. Hakanan ana ƙara ƙara ɓangaren dabbar da ake kira asitron a cikin nama maimakon kayan lambu.
