Itacen Coniferous itace kyawawan kayan mãkirci na gonar, saboda yana da kyau kuma mai ban mamaki a duk shekara.
Pine, spruce, fir da larch suna dauke da maganin cututtuka mafi kyau, idan aka kwatanta da nau'in jinsin dabbobi, amma har ma wadannan tsire-tsire suna fuskantar hare-hare ta hanyar kwari.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu magana game da Hamisa - ɗaya daga cikin kwari mafi yawan kwari na conifers, saboda yawancin lambu basu san ko wanzuwar Hamisa ba, kuma basu san abin da yake ba.
Hamisa - menene wannan kwaro?
Hamisa (Adelgidae) - wani rukuni na kwari kwari na conifers daga umurni na haɗari, akin zuwa phylloxera da apha. Hamisa na iya bayar da wannan bayanin: kananan tsotsa kwari har zuwa 2 mm tsawo, baki ko duhu launin ruwan kasa a launi, tare da wani jiki oblong da antennae a kan kai, kama da aphid. 
Hamisa ci ruwan 'ya'yan itace na igiya, harbe da needles, shayar da shi daga kananan bishiyoyi. Mafi mai saukin kamuwa ga hare-haren wannan m shine spruce da Pine. Hamisa dukiya zasu gaya muku yadda za ku sami kwaro akan itace: da buƙatun buƙata suna juya launin rawaya, farin ciki ko fure yana bayyana a cikinta a ƙarshen bazara, da kuma a kan buds da kuma harbe-harbe a bara.
White Bloom ba kome ba ne fãce wani case fibrous cewa ya rufe da Hamisa tsutsa. Tsire-tsire da wannan damuwa ya faru daga Yuni zuwa Agusta yana da tsalle-tsalle a kan ƙananan ƙananan da ke kama da abarba, wanda daga bisani ya buƙatar da needles na Pine needles tsayawa kuma wasu lokuta sukan fito.
Yana da muhimmanci! Don kauce wa yaduwa da spruce tare da Hamisa, ya kamata a dasa shi a nesa da ba kasa da mii 600 daga mafi kusurwa ko fila ba, saboda haka za a lalata hawan lokaci na haɗuwa.
Hanyoyin rayuwa ta Hamisa
Rayuwa ta rayuwa ta Hamisa ita ce hanya mai rikitarwa, wanda ya ƙunshi matakai da dama; wani sake zagayowar zai iya zama shekara ɗaya ko biyu. Lokacin tsawon rayuwa ya dogara da irin Hamisa.
Har ila yau, kowane nau'i yana buƙatar kowane nau'in itace ko biyu don aiki mai muhimmanci, amma a kowace harka, spruce ita ce ainihin shuka. Hamisa tsarin rayuwa yana da fasali - asexual da kuma jima'i na zuriya kwari madadin. 
Jima'i balagagge mace Hamisa ya sa ta spruce ko Pine a cikin koda, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar wannan ruwa, an kafa gall a kan shoot, wanda mace lays qwai a cikin fall. Gauls yana dauke da mai da sitaci, ana haifar da tsuttsauran jikinta daga kwai, wanda yake cin abincin na gina jiki na gall. A cikin kowane gall yana iya inganta har zuwa 26 larvae, kowane a cikin ɗakinsa.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, kawai Hamisa suna tsira da hunturu, wanda larvae ya fi girma a cikin bazara, sannan kuma kafa mata ba tare da fuka-fuki ba, wanda zai iya haifuwa tare da qwai ba tare da namiji ba. Irin wannan haifuwa ana kiransa sashin jiki.
Daga cikin qwai da aka kafa daga mai samarda daga masu kafawa a lokacin bazara da bazara, yawancin rassan reshe da cututtukan parthenogenetic sun bayyana. Wadannan 'yan kungiyoyi sun sami damar shirya a manyan wurare don ciyar da haifuwa. 
Kusa da kaka, an haifi ɗayan mata da namiji ba tare da wani fanni ba, saboda sakamakon jima'i a kan spruce, ƙwayoyin da aka ƙera suna dage farawa don hunturu. Mai samarda zai fara fitowa daga waɗannan ƙwayoyin da aka raguwa a cikin bazara, kuma za'a sake sake maimaita rayuwa da haifuwa.
Hamisa irin su spruce-fir da spruce-larch, sun samo asali da yawa, kowannensu ya cika aikinsa, kuma, idan ya cancanta, kwari zuwa wata shuka, ta canza canjin itace, sa'an nan kuma ya koma cikin spruce, don haka ya kammala sake zagaye na rayuwa . Sauran nau'o'in suna rayuwa da kuma haifar a cikin tsirrai guda kuma sukan zama kwari marasa launi.
Shin kuna sani? Kwayoyin farko na Hamisa a watan Yuni na samar da ƙananan karamai a karshen iyakoki, marigayi Hamisa a ƙarshen lokacin rani-farkon kaka ya zama babban maɗaukaki.
Common Hamisa
Gidan hermes, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da ƙwayoyin spruce-
Hamisa Yellow. Shekara guda daya daga cikin kwari suna bayyana. Mace mace mai launin rawaya ta shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga cikin allurar a cikin rassan yarinya, wanda sakamakon hakan ne aka kafa wani gallus mailon tsawon 10-25 cm. Hanya, wanda gall ya bayyana, ya zama maras kyau kuma bai cika ba. Bayan an cinye gall a kan spruce, mace tana sakawa a cikinta da yawan qwai, wanda larvae ke ciyarwa a kan allurar sap din a cikin gall. A lokacin rani, mutane daga cikin ɓangaren na zamani masu zuwa suna tashi daga gall ɗin, wanda ke kan rassan spruce da ci gaba da rayuwa. 
Late spruce hermes. Ma'aurata suna haifar da ganyayyaki masu ganyayyaki masu kyan gani tare da ƙananan Sikeli waɗanda suke da magunguna a baya - kafin harin a kan Hamisa spruce pest. Late Hamisa zaba don kiwo a spruce toho, wanda aka located a karshen wani shekara sprout. Matar tana shan ruwan da aka shuka, yayin da yake samar da ruwan, wanda ta wurin abun da ke ciki ya taimaka wajen samuwar gall. A cikin fall, qwai don haifuwa ana dage farawa a cikin damun kaka, a lokacin bazara, tsutsiyoyi sun fita daga ciki, wadanda suka bar gall a watan Yuli kuma suka tsayar da dukkanin tsire-tsire. Late spruce hermes zaune da kuma haihuwa a kan wannan shuka, preferring wannan gefen rassan. 
Shin kuna sani? Fararen fibrous a kan Hamisa yana da kama da murfin bakin ciki, wajibi ne don kwaro don kauce wa hasara daga cikin jiki.
Bismavy fir hermes. Wannan kwaro baiyi amfani da galls ba don kiwo, mutane ba tare da fuka-fuki da suke zaune a kan hawan katako ko rassan guda daya ba - spruce suna hatching. Yana yiwuwa a gano magungunan da ke ƙarƙashin jikinta a kan wani fararen fata a kan haushi - wadannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin mata ne da aka rufe da wani abu mai launi mai launi. A wannan yanayin, kwaro yana rinjayar Turai ko Siberian spruce.
Spruce-larch, ko koren ganye. Tsarin rayuwa na kwararru na wannan jinsin yana da tsari mafi mahimmanci. Hamisa mace tana da siffar mai siffar gashin tsuntsu har zuwa 20-30 mm a cikin tsayin, kuma ya sa qwai a cikinta. A lokacin rani na larvae, masu baƙi na reshe na Hamisa, wanda ke tashi don kiwo zuwa larch. Wadannan 'yan gudun hijirar an rufe su da asirin sirri kuma suna kama da murfin snow a kan harbe. Hamisa '' '' winged '' 'yan adam ciyar a larch ruwan' ya'yan itace da kuma sa qwai a kai. A lokacin kaka, larvae suna fitowa daga qwai, wanda ya zauna a ƙarƙashin tsutsawa a kusa da buds don hunturu. 
A cikin bazara na shekara mai zuwa, overwintered larvae dawo a matsayin ƙarya masu kafa, kowane daga wanda zai iya sa har zuwa 200 qwai. Zamanin mata da maza za su fito daga kayan da za su fara, wanda zai tashi zuwa ga spruce don dasa sabon ƙwai da zai zauna a cikinta domin hunturu. Ma'aurata suna kwance daga waɗannan qwai, suna kwanciya guda daya kawai, wanda zai ba da rai ga mace wanda aka kafa, wanda zai iya samar da galls. Don haka ana haifar da halayen kirki da ci gaban Hamisa tare da halaye iri biyu na bishiyoyi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kwayoyin Hamisa kamar rawaya da spruce-larch shafi kananan bishiyoyi masu girma a cikin ƙasa mai bushe, a kan tudu mai zurfi ko lowland; Late Hamisa fi son yawancin shuke-shuken spruce, wanda kuma yayi girma a cikin yanayi marar kyau.
Yadda za a magance Hamisa a bishiyoyi
Lokacin da ake magana da Hamisa, kada ka manta cewa wannan ba wata cuta bane, amma kwaro, kuma yana yiwuwa kuma ya kamata ya rabu da shi, kamar daga kwari. Idan an samo Hamisa a kan spruce ko wasu conifers, abu na farko da za a yi shi ne a yanka da ƙone sassa na harbe tare da galls, yana da kyau a sami lokaci don yin wannan a farkon lokacin rani, har sai larvae a cikin su ya fara girma.
Sa'an nan kuma a cikin hanyoyi da yawa suna wanke kwari daga rassan tare da ruwa na ruwa a karkashin matsin. Bayan haka, kana buƙatar raza itacen da bayani na man ma'adinai - 150 ml da lita 5 na ruwa. Idan hanyoyin da aka ƙayyade ba su da tasiri, ana bi da shuka tare da Aktara, Confidor, Mospilan ko Kwamandan bisa ga umarnin don amfani.
Shin kuna sani? Bayan Hamisa larvae sun bar gall, sai ta bushe kuma ta zauna akan itace na dogon lokaci.
Tsarin kariya: yadda za a kara juriya ga kwari
Mafi muhimmanci prophylactic ne kada ku dasa kusa da spruce larch, tun da kusanci wadannan tsire-tsire suna da rinjaye akan haifuwar Hamisa. Ya kamata a dasa bishiyoyi masu kyau a cikin ƙasa mai laushi da ƙasa mai kyau, a cikin duhu ba tare da fasali ba.
Ana bada shawara don cike ƙasa tare da haushi Pine, kuma ana iya kula da injin tare da Eupin, hanyar da za ta ƙara yawan rigakafi, wanda zai samar da kariya ga igiyoyin conifer daga Hamisa. Sau maimaita maimaitawar spraying na conifers tare da "Decis" ko "Fastak" shirye-shirye zai zama a matsayin m magani ga Hamisa.
