Hydrangea ɗan itacen furanni ne na Kudancin Asiya da Arewacin Amirka. Wannan wakilin dangin Gortenziev ne ya kawo shi Turai daga China a shekarar 1789 ta Joseph Banks kuma ya zama sanannen fure na ado a tsakanin lambu.
Bayanin
Hydrangea mafi yawanci wakilta ne ta hanyar dasa bishiyoyi har zuwa 3 m ba ga tsayi. Haka kuma akwai manya-manyan vines masu iya girma har zuwa 20 m, da ƙananan bishiyoyi tare da fasalin halayyar daji, kamar yin shinge mai ƙarfi.
Yawancin nau'ikan sune tsire-tsire masu ƙiba, amma akwai wakilan kullun da suka girma a tsiri na kudancin.
Hydrangea blooms a cikin bazara da kaka, yana sakin manyan inflorescences - panicles, scutes tare da nau'ikan buds guda biyu: ƙarami a tsakiya, babba a gefen. Kyakkyawan tsari mai duhu, wanda tare da kulawa ta dace ya kasance har zuwa ƙarshen Satumba. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan jinsin suna da fure mai launin dusar kankara, amma ruwan hoda, shuɗi, ja da shunayya kuma an samo su. Ganyayyaki suna da kama-da-zuciya, dan kadan elongated zuwa ƙarshen, nuna, mai duhu duhu a launi tare da manyan jijiyoyin jini. A gefuna na farantin ganye suna yin lazura kuma farfajiyar ta ke da wuya. 'Ya'yan itace kwali ne wanda ke dauke da kananan baƙar fata.
Paniculate, itace-kamar, babban-leaven da itacen oak-leaved hydrangea
Hydrangea ya shahara sosai tsakanin masu shayarwa, don haka a yanzu haka ana yanyan nau'o'in iri da iri iri.
| Dubawa | Bayanin | Sanadarinka | Iri daban-daban |
| Itace kamar | Karamin ciyawa ya kai santimita 300. Tushen suna madaidaiciya, mai ƙarfi. A ganye ne m, taso keya, haske kore tare da serrated gefuna da nuna tip, dan kadan saukar da ƙasa. Tushen tushen yana da haɓaka, saboda haka yaduwar ciyayi shine halayyar shuka. Ana amfani da wannan nau'in galibi akan shafin kamar shinge. | An tattara ƙananan furanni na 1.5-2 cm a cikin rumman zagaye a saman kara. Panaiclea a cikin diamita ya kai kusan cm 15. alsayoyin suna da laushi, ovate. Launi fari ne ko kuma m. | Ruhun da ba a gani, Sterilis, Annabel, Grandiflora. |
| Panicle | Bishiyar itace da ke girma har zuwa 10,000 cm a cikin daji ko m ciyawar cm cm tsayi a shafin. Aka rarraba shi a China, Japan da kuma Sakhalin na kudu. Ganyayyaki suna akasin haka, ellipsoidal, kimanin cm 12, nuna. Tushen tsarin ba a zurfafa. Mafi sau da yawa ana yaduwa ta hanyar yin farashi. Yawancin iri (alal misali, Unique) sun iya yin tsayayya da tsananin sanyi: har zuwa -34 ° C. | Paniculate, 20-25 cm, siffar pyramidal halayyar. Furannin furanni iri biyu, ƙarami - fari ko launin toka; babba (har zuwa 2.5 cm) - bakarare, tare da ruwan hoda 4, filayen m. | Brussels Lace, Dart's Little Dot, Limelig, Mathilda, Kyushu, Vanille Fraise, Banbanci. Ga yankin Moscow, mafi kyawun nau'ikan zai zama Bobo, Vanilla Frize, Phantom, Limelight, Pinky Winky, Daruma, Wims Red. |
| Manyan ganye | Tsutsa kusan 400 cm tsayi, ana dasa shukar a cikin wuraren shakatawa da murabba'ai ko kuma ana amfani dasu azaman gidan shuki. Ganyayyaki kore mai haske yana ɗan elongated, sinewy, m, kore mai haske. Rassan sune masu rauni, tanƙwara ƙarƙashin nauyin inflorescences. Tushen suna isasshen haɓaka don ciyayi. Resistancearancin juriya mai sanyi: har zuwa -18 ° С. | Bambancin cikin fure mai yawa. Garkuwa kimanin 10-15 cm a diamita. Furanni suna da yawa, 3 cm, a cikin tsakiyar fararen dusar ƙanƙara ne, tare da ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda a gefuna. | Bazara mara iyaka, Renata Steinger, Kalaman soyayya, Express, Nikko Blue. |
| Dubolistnaya | Ya kai 300 cm ba ga tsawo, sanduna suna jifa, na roba, tsayayye a gindi. Ganyayyaki suna da sifa mai halayyar tare da gefuna sassaƙa, katako, itacen oak, m, kore mai arziki. Rashin daidaituwa kuma har ma da karamin sanyi na iya mutuwa. An yada shi ta kowane hanya, gami da iri. | Dogon furanni tare da farin kananan furanni 1.5-2 cm A tsakiya, 'ya'yan itacen da ke da' ya'yan itace suna da launin beige, tare da farin gefen da launin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda. | Floribunda, Pink Diamond, Tardiva, Rgaesokh. |
Noma
A sauki sauki da kuma araha Hanyar haihuwa, amfani, a matsayin mai mulkin, by shayarwa a lokacin da kiwon waddan da sabon iri, amma yana da matukar yiwuwa a gida. Dukda cewa wannan hanyar tana daukar lokaci sosai.
- Yi akwati ko kwantena daban tare da ramuka magudana.
- Shirya substrate daga peat, ƙasa na yashi da yashi 2: 4: 1. Kuna iya ƙara kwayoyin halitta, alal misali - humus, allura, sawdust.
- Ya kamata a shuka shuka a cikin kaka.
- Kada ku zurfafa tsaba, amma kawai yayyafa karamin Layer na ƙasa a saman.
- Danshi kasar gona sosai. An ba da shawarar yin fesa, ba ruwa, don kada ku wanke tsaba.
- Rufe akwati tare da filastik ko gilashi, wanda dole ne a cire shi sau da yawa a rana don samun iska.
- Sanya kwantena a cikin abin da yake da wuta mai dumin zafi tare da yanayin + 14 ... +22 ° С.
- Danshi da abin da yake bushewa yayin da yake bushewa.
- Lokacin da farkon harbe ya bayyana, dole ne a cire tsari.
- Ana ɗaukar hoto sau biyu: yayin haɓakar cotyledon lobes kuma a farkon lokacin bazara.
- A wannan yanayin, za'a iya dasa hydrangea zuwa cikin tukwane na yau da kullun (kusan 7 cm a diamita).
- Dole ne a dasa ƙwayar, a lokacin bazara zuwa wani fili a wani wuri da aka kiyaye shi daga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma mummunan yanayi.
- Da yamma, tukwane suna buƙatar dawo da su.
- Ya kamata a girma Hydrangea a gida na kimanin shekaru 2 har sai ya cika cikakke.
- Dole ne a cire buds a hankali domin kada su tsoma baki tare da ci gaba.
'Ya'yan Hydrangea
Bayan shekaru 2, ana buƙatar dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Zai fi kyau a gudanar da wannan taron a cikin bazara ko a fall kafin farkon tsananin sanyi. Ya kamata a sanya Hydrangea a wuri mai kyau, inda akwai damar zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye. Wasu nau'in (alal misali, misalin itace) na iya girma a wurare masu inuwa. Don ƙayyade cewa seedling ya shirya don dasa shuki mai sauki ne kawai: ka tabbata cewa akwai rassa da yawa da ganyayyaki masu lafiya akan kara.
Hakanan wajibi ne don bincika shuka don kamuwa da cuta, saboda bushes da ke kamuwa da cuta na iya yada cutar zuwa wasu tsirrai. Duk da haka rauni seedlings sun fi saurin kamuwa da cutar. Idan an sami kwari, mai tushe da ganye ya kamata a fesa tare da kwari. Don cikakkiyar cikakkiyar halitta, ya kamata a hadu da matasa hydrangea tare da ma'adinan (phosphorus ko potassium) kayan miya a cikin bazara, kuma a cikin hunturu, dan kadan zazzage iska: zuwa + 12 ... +18 ° C.
Waje dasa hydrangea
Hydrangea dasa a kan shafin ba mai wahala ba ne, amma ya kamata ka bi wata hanya don aiwatar da matakan da suka dace:
- Da farko kuna buƙatar sako ciyawa a hankali daga ciyawa kuma ku kwance shi domin ya zama sako-sako.
- Ac acid dole ne ya kasance tsaka tsaki.
- Dole ne a haƙa ramin rami domin ya kasance sau 2 na tsawon asalin tsiro, wanda aka ba da ƙamshin ƙurar.
- Tsakanin ramuka kuna buƙatar barin gibba na tsari na 100 cm.
- Kusa da hydrangea, ba a ba da shawarar sanya kowane bishiyoyi ko shukoki tare da tushen waje, in ba haka ba za a rarraba abubuwan gina jiki ba tare da bambanci ba kuma ɗayan tsire-tsire zai mutu.
- Dole ne a saka ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin rami a cikin rami: peat, takin, humus, sawdust, allura, ash da takin ma'adinai.
- Sanya magudanar malami a kasan ramin ta hanyar sanya polystyrene, bulo da aka fashe ko ƙoshin mai a can.
- Kafin dasa shuki, ya zama dole a girgiza kasar gona da ya wuce gona da iri a kuma dasa tushen tsarin.
- A hankali a ƙasa zuwa ramin, yayin da a hankali girgiza hydrangea don cika kogon.
- Top kuma ƙara takin da humus.
- Cikakke ruwa da kuma haɗa abin da keɓaɓɓen.
- Rufe flowerbed tare da ciyawa, allura ko ash.
- Bayan nasarar shuka ta saurin shuka, dole ne a rufe ta daga rana tsawon kwanaki 2-3, domin tsiron ya karu cikin sauri.
Kulawar hydrangea ta waje
Hydrangea yana buƙatar kulawa ta dace da kulawa ta yau da kullun daga mai lambu, saboda haka ya kamata a bi wasu ka'idodi yayin girma.
| Gaskiya | Yanayin |
| Wuri / Haske | Ya kamata a samar da furanni masu fure tare da hydrangea daga ɓangaren kudu ko kudu maso yamma na wurin, kuma ya zama dole a tabbatar da samun hasken rana kai tsaye zuwa daji. Wasu nau'ikan suna girma cikin kwanciyar hankali a ƙarƙashin zanan ko a greenhouses. Matasa hydrangea yana da hankali sosai ga zayyana, iska mai ƙarfi da hazo (digiri, ruwan sama), don haka yakamata a rufe shi da matattakala a cikin mummunan yanayi. |
| Kasar | Babu buƙatar dasa shuki shuki a cikin yumbu mai yumbu ko yalwataccen ƙwayar acid. Dole ne a shirya kasar, a goge sosai sannan a kawar da ciyawar da ba a so da kuma tushen tushen wasu tsirrai. Hakanan, ƙasa a cikin flowerbed za a iya haɗe shi da yashi, ash ko peat don abinci mai girma da jikewa. Idan abun da ke cikin hydrogen ya tsaka tsaki, launin furanni na furanni na hydrangea zai zama m ko fari, shuɗi ko shuɗi shuɗi zai yi fure a cikin ƙasa mai acidic. |
| Watse | Moisturizing da wuya. Har zuwa lita 50 sau biyu a mako shine ka'idodin hydrangea. Koyaya, maimaita yawan ruwa da tururuwar ruwa a cikin ƙasa na iya haifar da cutar ta hanyar rot ko naman gwari, don haka koyaushe ya kamata kula da matakin ruwa a cikin ƙasa. Rashin danshi yana bayyana ta hanyar yellowing da kuma mutuwar matasa harbe, ganye. |
| Taki | Mafi karancin kayan adon shine 2 (kafin fure da bayan). Na farko a cikin bazara, a watan Afrilu-Mayu, urea bayani: 20 g da guga 1 na ruwa mai gudu. Kowane daji na buƙatar kimanin buhunnan buhu 3. Na biyu ya kamata a aiwatar da bayan fure, watau a cikin Satumba-Oktoba. Cikakken takin mai magani wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan ma'adinai, alal misali, nitrogenous ko phosphorous, sun dace sosai da wannan. A lokacin bazara, zaka iya ciyar da kayan abinci tare da slurry, takin ko humus. Koyaya, yana da daraja a tuna cewa miya mai yawan maimaitawa mara kyau ta shafi hydrangeas: rassan zasu iya karyewa, saboda inflorescences mai yawa. |
| Mai jan tsami | Ku ciyar kawai shekaru 3-4 bayan dasa. A farkon lokacin bazara, kafin a buɗe buds kuma sababbin harbe, an yanke itacen-kamar hydrangea da farko. Barin huda 3-4 a kan mai tushe, kuma ana amfani da sassan da aka cire kamar itace don haifuwa. Wani nau'in - wanda aka tsoratar da hydrangea - an yanke shi da kashi na uku, saboda yana daɗewa kuma yana da ƙari ga yanayin muhalli. A cikin nau'in manyan tsalle-tsalle, kawai kowane harbe 4 an cire. Kada a yi datti ba da daɗewa ba, a lõkacin da buds sun fara nunawa, in ba haka ba ɗan itacen ya rayu ba, ƙarshen girki kuma yana shafar mummunan lalacewa: tsire-tsire ya ƙare ruwan 'ya'yan itace ya mutu. |
Hydrangea bayan fure
Bayan ƙarshen lokacin fure mai aiki, ana yin ayyuka da yawa don shirya daji don hunturu:
- Seedlings girma a cikin tukwane ana kawo su cikin insulated dakin.
- Shrubs a kan shafin an yanke shi a hankali, yana cire rassan bushe, harbe da inflorescences.
- Bayan haka sun yi amfani da hydrangea sosai kuma sun rufe fure tare da ciyawa don kare tushen tushen daga tsananin sanyi.
- An rufe ciyawar da murfin ko fim, kuma su ma suna rufe ƙasa da busasshiyar ganye da kuma lokacin farin ciki na allura.
Wasu nau'in, irin su paniculata, suna haƙuri da kyau lokacin hunturu ba tare da ƙarin tsari ba, duk da haka, a cikin yankunan da ke da yanayin sanyi da canjin yanayi kwatsam, misali a Siberiya, har yanzu ya kamata a samar da daji tare da shimfidar ƙasa. A cikin yankuna na kudanci, itace kamar hydrangea na iya shawo kan hunturu ba tare da tsari ba.
Hydrangea hunturu
Rufe hydrangea don wintering nan da nan bayan farkon sanyi, ba daga Oktoba ba. Idan daji yana saurayi, dole ne a rufe shi da busasshiyar ƙasa. Dole ne a dasa tsire-tsire a hankali a ƙasa, a sa saman kayan rufin, lutrasil ko fim ɗin filastik talakawa, murkushe gefuna. Idan hydrangea yana da girma sosai kuma ba shi yiwuwa a tanƙwara ƙasa, to, ya kamata a ɗaure harbe tare, a nannade da spanbondon, don kare daga dusar ƙanƙara. A kewayen shigan, ya zama dole a saka wani firam da aka yi da ƙarfe na ƙarfe ko raga don ya tashi sama da hydrangea aƙalla 10 cm.The rata tsakanin ɗan itacen da firam ɗin ya kamata ya cika da bushe foliage, bambaro, ƙara humus.
Irin wannan aikin zai samar da hydrangeas tare da daskararren hunturu tare da adana tsirrai har zuwa lokacin bazara. A watan Afrilu-Mayu, bayan dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, dole ne a cire zangon, an cire bene kawai lokacin da aka kafa yanayin daskararru mai ƙarfi. Dama lokacin hunturu da kyau zai shafi fure da samuwar sabbin harbewa.
Farfagandar ta yanke
Wannan hanyar tana da fa'idodi masu yawa: da fari dai, ana tattara kayan a cikin girkin shuka, wanda ke sauƙaƙe ƙarin karbuwa na hydrangea, kuma abu na biyu, kusan dukkanin ƙira da sauri suna ɗauka tushe kuma fara haɓaka.
- Dole ne ku bar a ƙalla nodes 2 a kowane reshe.
- Yana da mahimmanci cewa babba dole ne a yi shi a madaidaiciya kuma babba yanke.
- Dole ne a shirya tanki a gaba ta yin ramuka.
- Za'a iya shirya cakuda ƙasa da kansa: haɗa peat, yashi da ƙasa baki ɗaya.
- Yi zurfin shank babu fiye da 3-4 cm.
- Cikakke ruwa da kuma haɗa ƙarfi da substrate, sawdust, itace haushi ko needles za a iya kara a saman.
- Daga bisa, dole ne a rufe kwandon filastik ko gilashi, tare da samar da hydrangea tare da yanayin greenhouse.
- Dole ne a kiyaye ƙasa koda yaushe, zai fi kyau fesa daga kwalban fesa.
- Hakanan, kwantena yakamata a kwantar da shi a kullun kuma a sanya shi cikin wani wuri mai sanyin, mai dumama.
- Lokacin da aka kafa tushen tushe, za a iya dasa ganyen a shafin.
- Wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin bazara, saboda matasa hydrangea yana da lokaci don daidaitawa da fara hunturu.
