Actinidia (Actinidia) wani mummunan tarihin iyalin Aktinid ne. Delicious actinidia ne m kiwi, ainihin, m, dadi, 'ya'yan itace masu kyau a Rasha ya dade da ƙauna da yara da kuma manya. A yau, ba za'a sayo wadannan berries kawai ba, amma sunyi girma a kan makircin su, domin akwai wasu iri dake dacewa da yanayin arewacin Palmyra.
Shin kuna sani? Akwai nau'i biyu na asalin sunan Actinidia. A cikin Girkanci, actinidia na nufin "ray", a Latin - "alama". Kuma ya tafi saboda ovaries daban-daban na tsire-tsire, wanda a cikin nau'i yayi kama da tauraron mai haske, ko hasken rana mai haske.
Actinidia: cikakken bayanin
Actinidia ne mai liana shrub tare da curly mai tushe da 'ya'yan itace Berry. Rashin berries yana da wuya amma na bakin ciki, zai iya kasancewa da launi daban-daban - greenish-yellow, yellow-orange, launin ruwan kasa, launin ruwan kasa har ma da m. Bishiyoyi suna da ƙanshi, sugary, iri-iri-iri, mai-tsalle-tsalle, masu tasowa a iyakar ko ƙirar fata, ba mai ci a cikin dukkan nau'o'i ba. Girman nauyin - daga 2 zuwa 28 g. Ganyayyaki suna kore, dukkansu, tsumma-tsummoki, suna tasowa tare da tsalle-tsalle.
Shin kuna sani? A cikakke, an san kusan fiye da nau'in nau'in actinidia. A yanayin yanayi, suna girma musamman a Gabas da Kudancin Asiya, a Gabashin Gabas.
Iyaye ga tsarin noma na actinidia a yankin Leningrad
Duk da cewa an yi actinidia a matsayin "mai kudancin", noma a yankin Leningrad yana da nasara sosai a yau.
Sanin wannan a cikin marigayi 19th da farkon karni na 20, an riga an yi aiki a cikin Petersburg da kuma kewaye da shi, Duk da haka, a cikin masu zaman kansu greenhouses da gonaki Botanical. Kuma a cikin 30s. arni na arshe, na farko irin nau'ikan yanayi na Rasha, irin su actinidia, wanda ya dace da yanayin mu, an ci gaba. Aikin da aka cire su an yi shi ne ta hanyar shahararrun masu sana'a. Michurin. Ayyukan noma ya ci gaba da yanzu mabiyansa - masana kimiyyar Rasha na zamani, masu shayarwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi mahimmanci, irin kayan aikin da masu sana'a na gida suka dauka suna da tushe da kuma haifar da 'ya'yan itace - nau'o'in kasashen waje ba su da tsada-sanyi don yankin Leningrad.
"Dama"
Nauyin nauyin - 2-2.5 g. Abin dandano yana da dadi tare da ɗanɗano dandano mai ban sha'awa. A abun ciki na bitamin C - 1100-1155 MG / 100 g, abun ciki sugar - 7.5-7.7%.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yawancin irin ayyukan actinidia ne dioecious. Wannan yana nufin cewa kana buƙatar shuka dukkanin mace da namiji a lokaci guda. Don samfurorin mata 4-5, namiji daya ya isa.
"Leningradskaya"
Bayan da ya sanya manufar aikin actinidia a cikin yankin Leningrad, an kira nasarar da aka samu ta hanyar "Leningradskaya" ta actinidia. Wannan shi ne iri-iri tare da high sanyi juriya, manyan-fruited - Nauyin nauyi kilogiran g Berries - tare da ciwon ciyawar wariyar ganye, ovate-spherical, sugary - 14% na sugars, abun ciki bitamin C - 1414 MG / 100 g.
VIR-1
Yawancin iri iri ne da aka haɓaka a tashar VIR (Cibiyar All-Union Institute of Plant Industrie, Leningrad Region, Pavlovsk), kamar sauran nau'o'in, saboda haka sunan. Nauyin kaya - 4.1-5 g. Da abun ciki na bitamin C - 1000-1045 MG / 100 g, abun ciki na sukari - 10-10.7%.
Shin kuna sani? Abubuwan da Rashawa ke da shi a kan wadanda aka shigo da su ba kawai don inganta yanayin sanyi ba, amma har ma a cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma, mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa, yawan sukari da sukari, albarkatu masu kyau na berries da wadataccen dandano.
"Pavlovskaya"
Wani nau'i-nau'i iri-iri ne a kan Cibiyar Kasuwancin Cibiyar Harkokin Shuka. Berries nauyi - 2.8-3.4 g, siffar - elongated conical, dandano mai dadi da m. Ƙanshi shine apple. Kwafane yana da ƙananan kore tare da dogayen launi na launi. Vitamin C - 1500-1547 MG / 100 g, abun ciki na sukari - 11.5-11.8%.
"Nasara"
Actinidia na wannan iri-iri ne cikakke ga yankin Leningrad. Yana da kyakkyawar kafa, m, hunturu-hardy iri-iri. Berries - 2.5-3 g, dandano mai dadi, tare da ƙanshin m. Maturation matsakaici - tsakiyar watan Agusta. A abun ciki na bitamin C - 500-700 MG / 100 g, sugars - har zuwa 12%.
"Gourmand"
Bambanci srednerosly, ripening matsakaici - farkon-tsakiyar watan Agusta. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - haske kore, guga man a cikin tarnaƙi, cylindrical, manyan-fruited Berry - 3.2-5.2 g, m, mai dadi da kuma m. Gwa - abarba, sugar abun ciki - 12.5%, bitamin C - har zuwa 1600 MG / 100 g
"Sugar"
A iri-iri ne na matsakaici ripening (farkon Agusta), manyan-fruited. Nauyin kaya - 2.8-3 g. Fata na wani inuwa mai haske mai haske mai haske. Da dandano yana da dadi (wani lokaci zuwa ga gefen gefen), an ƙanshi ƙanshi strawberry.
Shin kuna sani? Actinidia a cikin lambu ba kawai lafiya da kuma dadi berries, amma kuma wani ado ga kowane mãkirci. Its sinuous, oddly dimbin yawa mai tushe, m monophonic ko m foliage zai kasance duba mai kyau da kansu da kuma hade tare da kowane irin ciyayi - itatuwa, shrubs, furanni. Ana kuma yin ado da Actinidia tare da makamai, fences, facades na gazebos, kari da gidaje - wannan gagarumin aikin lambu ne.
"Bikin"
Ana samun wannan actinidia a yankin Leningrad. Yana da kyakkyawan shuka germination da cuttings rayuwa. Kwasfa ne launin toka-kore. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari - ƙananan - 1.6-1.7 g, Conical, oblong. Abin ƙanshi shine strawberry. Abun ciki na bitamin C - 1500-1525 MG / 100 g, abun ciki na sukari - 13.8-14%.
Shin kuna sani? 'Ya'yan itãcen actinidia cinye sabo, dried, shirya su compotes, jellies, jellies, jams, tsare, rubbed da sukari.
"Fantasy"
Farawa na farko. Berries tare da abarba ƙanshi na conical siffar, elongated. Peel - launin kore-rawaya tare da rozovinka da ratsan haske. Mass - 3-4 g. Da dandano mai dadi ne kuma m. Abun ciki na bitamin C - 1800-1900 MG / 100 g, abun ciki sugar - 14-14,4%.
Hanyoyin noma na actinidia a yankin Leningrad
Actinidia baya buƙatar wata fasaha na musamman a yankin Leningrad, amma da saukowa yana yiwuwa a farkon spring da farkon kaka. Ana dasa su a talla - yana iya zama itace, shinge, bango, ƙirar musamman, ƙiraren ɗaure ko babban babban kariya. Yayin da tsire-tsire ke tsiro, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar shi kaɗan don goyon bayan, to, zai karfafa, girma da kuma tsayawa a kansa.
Don actinidia, mai kyau malalewa yana da muhimmanci kuma kasar gona da kyau takin lokacin da dasa. Takin, humus, mai haɗuwa a cikin rabo 1: 1 tare da yashi ko ƙwayar ƙasa ana amfani dasu azaman taki. Ana shayar da cakuda kuma ya yada tare da tudu a kasan ramin, bayan da ya riga ya kafa shi da duwatsu, tubalin da aka rushe, yatsun. Suna sanya sapling, suna jingina da shi a kan goyan baya, sun rufe ta da ƙasa (ba tare da tamping shi karfi), zuba shi a kan shi da cike shi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ya kamata a tuna cewa har ma da actinidia sanyi-sanyi zai iya mutuwa tare da zafin jiki saukad da, wanda wani lokacin faruwa a cikin hunturu da kuma farkon spring. A cikin narkewa, wani shuka zai fara fara girma, kuma ya mutu a kan sanyi.
Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin namo na actinidia ba ma da dasawa da kulawa ba, amma yankakken zabuka da iri iri daya, shan tushen a yankin Leningrad
Yana da mahimmanci kada ku yi kuskure a zabar iri-iri. - yi daidai da nau'in hunturu-hardy da kuma, ba shakka, la'akari da ƙananan vines, samfurori na jinsin maza da mata. Kula ya hada da kayan shafa, pruning da watering dace. Actinidia yawanci ciyar a cikin bazara, bayan "hibernation" da kuma kafin flowering. Misali, ana amfani da superphosphate a cikin ruwa (30g / 10 l na ruwa) ko itace ash (250-300 g na daya shuka). Watering - kamar yadda ta bushe, guje wa dampness na kasar gona da ruwa mara kyau. Ana yin gyare-gyaren kawai a cikin fall - yanke duk marasa lafiya, lalacewar rassan.
Idan kuna sha'awar saye da kuma namo na actinidia, ya fi kyau saya seedlings a cikin gandun daji. Wannan zai kawar da yiwuwar kuskure lokacin dasa shuki mace da na namiji, wanda yake da muhimmanci ga fruiting. Idan kun shuka wani nau'i na jima'i, ba za a yi girbi ba.
