Carrot - mai kyau (wanda ya fi dacewa daya- da kuma dangi) daga cikin iyalin Umbrella, wanda ya fara a farkon shekara ta rayuwa a lakabi na ganye da asalinsu, kuma a cikin na biyu - iri iri da tsaba. An rarraba a ko'ina cikin duniya, ciki har da kasashen ƙasashen da ke Rumunan, Afrika, Australia. A cikin aikin noma, an shuka karas da yawa sau da yawa.
Gallic nematode
Wannan nau'i na tsutsotsi daga iyalin Meloydogin yana iya ninka da ingantawa a waje na greenhouses a yanayin zafi. Wadannan kwari-kwari na kwari suna da mummunar tasiri a kan tsire-tsire a gonar ƙasa.
Yana sake haifar da layi da kuma ɓangare, ko ta hanyar amfixis. Yawancin al'ummomi zasu iya ci gaba a cikin shekara ɗaya, amma idan wannan ci gaban ya faru a yanayin yanayin ƙasa, yana faruwa a duk shekara.
Don magance kwaro, dole ne ku bi hanyoyin da ake amfani da su a aikin gona: (don rufe ƙasa) don biyan matakan da suka hana yin shiga cikin ƙananan dabbobi zuwa ƙasa tare da kayan aikin dasa, ƙasa ko kaya, tabbatar da maye gurbin ƙasa gurbatacce; bude ƙasa yana buƙatar adage ga tsarin juyayi na amfanin gona tare da amfanin gona na naman samurai (hatsi, kabeji, tafarnuwa), da kuma sanin yadda za a kwantar da gado daga kwari.
Hanyoyi na gwagwarmaya sun haɗa da disinfection na steam na ƙasa tare da zafin jiki na 100 ° C a zurfin 30 cm da kuma daskarewa na kasar gona a cikin hunturu. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyoyin sunadarai, kula da ƙasa tare da Avermectins nematocides, pickling kasar, kayan aiki da kayan.
Bare slugs
Sun yi aiki sosai a daren da kuma lokacin hadari. Kwanan hunturu yana shahara a cikin samfurin kwai. Mai hatsarin gaske kwari na karas, saboda yakin da ya kamata su fara da wuri-wuri.Tsaftacewar tsaftace daga ƙasa daga weeds shine daya daga cikin hanyoyin mafi kyau na gwagwarmaya. Dole ne a cire tsire-tsire ta Mowed daga mãkirci.
Har ila yau, magudi na ramuka a gefen hanya ba zai zama dole ba. Dole ne a kula da yankin da aka damu da slugs tare da rami mai hatsi 30, ƙara ash ko superphosphate zuwa gare shi tare da lissafin kilo 250-300 a kowace hectare. Karas ya kamata a fesa tare da bayani mai salin salin 10, yin aikin a daren, tare da yin aiki na slugs.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mulching ƙasa tare da coniferous sawdust ko needles, ko tare da ciyawa sababbi, zai kare karas daga kwari, riƙe da danshi, da kuma samar da shuka tare da abinci mai gina jiki.
Medvedka
Cikar kwari mai cutarwa da ke cikin salonta. Yin hanyoyi ta hanyoyi masu yawa a cikin saman kasan ƙasa, larvae da imago suna cin 'ya'yan da suka fara dasawa, suna kashe wasu daga cikin tushensu da yankunan da ke karkashin kasa, tsire-tsire, suna ci hatsi. Bayan irin wannan yanke hukunci, tsire-tsire suna jinkirta ci gaba da ci gaba, ko kuma su mutu nan da nan, da muhimmanci rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Dole ne a sassaƙa waƙoƙi na karas, wanda zai taimaka wajen kawar da ƙugiyoyi da hanyoyi na Bears. A lokacin kaka, wajibi ne don mirgine rami na musamman don kwanciya mai zurfi mai zurfi 30-40 cm A cikin hunturu, ƙaddarar larvae yana faruwa a cikinsu, wadda za'a warwatsa a lokacin sanyi na farko (zasu mutu cikin sauri).
Carrot leafblock
Koyarwar ganye, rubutun abin da ya zama terry - alamar tabbatacciyar kamuwa da kamun kiɗa. Bar raguwa mai raguwa, dadawa da kuma bushewa da albarkatun gona. Gurasar tana da mai laushi mai haske, fuka-fukan fuka-fuki, tsawon antennae da kuma kafafun kafa na baya, tare da taimakonsa wanda yayi tsalle.
Ga shekara akwai ƙarni daya. Yarinyar bayan sun yi hunturu a kan rassan daji ko kuma ƙwayar daji na kanta ya sa kwaikwayo mai laushi, wanda baya juya launin rawaya. Wadanda suka fito daga qwai sun cinye ruwan 'ya'yan karam din abinci.
Yadda za a magance karamar karamar ita ce kawar da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire, kazalika da cire haɗin gonar daga itatuwan coniferous. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a bi da amfanin gona tare da jiko na taba (1 kg na sharar da taba ta sha a cikin guga na ruwan zafi). Kafin a yi amfani da hanyar sprinkling da jiko dole ne a tace kuma ƙara 30 g sabulu zuwa gare shi. Bayan zabar hanyar maganin gwagwarmaya, wajibi ne a yi amfani da Actellic, Tsimbush, Sumicidin da wasu shirye-shirye.
Gishiri
Fuka-fukan fuka-fuki na asu suna launin ruwan kasa, masu baya suna launin toka-fata, kai da kirji suna launin launi mai haske. Kwaro na karas ya kai 18 mm a cikin girman kuma ya sa qwai akan tushen inflorescences. Caterpillars da ke fitowa daga qwai zasu iya kaiwa 13 mm, suna da baki da wani launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, wanda za'a iya samo fararen fata.
Kwayoyin caterpillars suna samar da webs, tare da abin da suke shiga umbrellas da inflorescences na karas da lalata tsarin su. A watan Agusta, ƙarni na biyu na asu ya bayyana. Amfani da kuturocide, entobacterin, magani na ganye a cikin aiki na inflorescence, wanda aka fado - mataki na farko zuwa nasara a kan muryar karas. Cire labaran weeds da kuma tayar da tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire suna da tasiri mai amfani. Girbi na farko na wani tsire, wanda aka biyo baya, ya kasance daya daga cikin matakai masu rigakafi mai kyau.
Carrot tashi
Wannan kwari yana da matukar damuwa ga amfanin gona na karas. Furo ne da diamita na 5 mm, tare da jiki mai haske da kayan aiki mai ban mamaki, shugaban wani inuwa mai launin ruwan kasa da fuka-fuki. Flies fitar a karshen Mayu. Carrot tashi yana aiki sosai da maraice da dare. Da zarar karas yana da wasu ƙananan matasan, mace daga cikin kwaro tana lakaɗa game da qwai 100 a gindin shuka.
Yaduwa sun kai 7 mm, jikinsu kadan ne rawaya. Su ne wadanda suke cinye jiki na karas da magunguna masu tushe na tushen. Kullin da kwari ya buga ya zama mai wuya, ya sami siffar da ba shi da kyau kuma wani dandano mara kyau. A cikin ramukan da kwayoyin halitta suka samo, sun sami sauya sauƙi, saboda abin da ba'a iya adana kayan lambu ko ci abinci ba. Gnawing cuttings na ganye, da larvae taimakawa zuwa withering daga cikin fi. Carrot ganye maimakon kore zama m-purple. Saboda haka, ya kamata mutanen lambu su san yadda za su magance kararrawa masu guba.
Hanya mafi kyau don karewa daga kwari na karas shine rigakafi. Dole ne a rufe ƙasa da rigakafin da ya faru a cikin shekarun da suka wuce. Ƙaddamarwar shafin yana faruwa ne kawai don ban ruwa da abinci mai gina jiki. Bugu da ƙari, yana da darajar warming da tsaba kafin shuka - wannan yana ƙara ƙarfin hali ga tashi. Ana bada shawara don sassauta ƙasa a tsakiyar watan Mayu, yana motsa kawuna da shimfiɗa wuri a kusa da mai tushe.
Ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu ciwo, kuma nan da nan ya dauka a saman gonar don kaucewa samun jawo kwari tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi. Carrot tashi ba ya jure wa kwari. Amma suna buƙatar amfani da su idan sun cancanta, tun da akwai ƙwallon ƙarancin kwari. Alal misali, zaka iya dasa dill da albasa a kusa da kusa da gado na karas, kuma yayyafa toka da shaguwa a kan layuka a tsakanin gadaje, ko rufe wani tumatir tumatir lafiya a gonar. Bayan girbi shi wajibi ne don narke ƙasa sosai. Magungunan magani mai mahimmanci don kwari na karas - pesticide "Decis"
Wireworm
An kira mai launi mai suna tsutsa mai launin rawaya tare da rubutun jiki na jiki, har zuwa 3 cm tsawo.
Shin kuna sani? Tashin ƙwaro ya sami sunan saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin da kake ƙoƙarin saka shi a baya, sai da sauri ya juya kuma ya yi babbar murya.
Yau tsawon shekaru daya shine kimanin shekaru 5. Kwayoyin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin cuta sunyi amfani da su a cikin asalinsu, suna ba da tsire-tsire don juyawa. A cikin ƙasa yana motsawa sauƙin sauƙi, kuma ƙasa mai laushi shine 50% a yanayin zafin jiki na yanayi na 20 - yanayi na cigaba da ƙirar waya. Hawan zafi yana ƙarfafa su don motsawa zuwa ƙasa, yayin da bushewa ƙasa, ta bambanta, yana rage yawan larvae zuwa zurfin kimanin 1 m.
Gwaro mai tsami yana daga watan Mayu zuwa Yuli. Tsawancin yarinya a cikin shekara ta farko na rayuwa shine kimanin 7 mm. Kwafa yana faruwa a ƙarshen Yuli. Wadannan bazara, beetles suna fitowa daga larvae da yawa. Da takin mai magani dauke da ammoniya ya ba da kyakkyawan sakamako a cikin yaki da wireworm. Liming yana da sakamako mai kyau akan yanayin ƙasa.
Bugu da ƙari, kafin dasa shuki a ƙasa, lura da tsaba tare da kwari yana da wajibi, da kuma ƙwarewar ƙasa da weeding (musamman, gandun daji), tare da motsawar tsuntsaye don tsutsawa, zai taimaka kare tsire-tsire daga ƙwayar cuta. Sau da yawa lambu suna sha'awar aiki karas daga wireworm. Kayan aikin Bazudin da Aktar zasu dace. Tare da mai zurfi digging yankin shi ne ƙara ammonium sulfate ko ammonium nitrate a cikin wani rabo na 30 g da 1 m².
Kwanakin hunturu
Tana kaddamar da kwari na ganyayyaki da kuma saurin mutuwar tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, wanda ya haifar da tsire-tsire mai tushe, saboda sakamakon abin da za ku iya cinye karas tare da dandano maras kyau. Fuka-fuki na tsutsa hunturu ya kai 4.5 cm, jikin shine tsawon 5 cm, launin fuka-fukin shine launin toka-launin ruwan kasa a baya da fari a gaban, wani ɓangaren duhu yana tafiya tare da baya. A cikin watan Afrilu, 'yan jarida masu girma sun fito a watan Yuni. Ɗaya daga cikin matakan sanyi a cikin kakar wasa ta bana ya kai kimanin dubu 2 na caterpillars.
Wannan dabba yana jin tsoron ƙanshin chamomile da burdock, saboda haka yana da amfani don yaduwa karas, filayen wadannan tsire-tsire. Girma na farko da mafi kyau na karamin karamin rage ƙananan hadarin hunturu. Yayin da aka haɓo ƙwai, ba zai zama mai ban mamaki ba don samar da trichogram a cikin kashi 35,000 kofe a kowace hectare na kayan lambu, tare da wani lokaci na kwanaki da yawa. Kyakkyawan kayan aiki shine yawan ban ruwa. Ayyukan halittu da zasu dace da: Decis Politrin et al. Processing faruwa a maraice.
Aphid
Carrot aphid
Gwaji suna zabi ɓangare na leaf don rayuwa, lokaci daya lalata shi kuma sha ruwan 'ya'yan itace. Ganye na ganye, ci gaban su na raguwa, karfin karba yana ragewa sosai. Tsawon aphid na da 1.7 mm kuma yana iya kasancewa daga ƙarnuka biyu, wanda mutane masu launin fuka-fuka da wingless ne suka wakilta, wadanda aka haifa daga qwai, suna cinye a kan karas (yawanci suna da jikin kore da launin ruwan kasa, ko da yake bayan bayanni 2, wasu mutane masu launin fata da baki da turquoise ciki). Wakilan wakilai - tashi zuwa gadaje na karamin karas da aka sanya su a gindin petioles a manyan kungiyoyi.
A wannan yanayin Ya kamata a rufe ganye da ganye (ko cakuda ash da ƙurar taba a daidai hannun jari), da sassauta ƙasa cikin minti 20 bayan zubar da hanyoyi. Wata hanyar ita ce yayyafa karas da fermented broth na kowane ganye. Ya kamata ku kuma lura da lalacewar weeds da girbi daga lambun kayan lambu, da musanya kayan lambu iri-iri da kuma yin tsire-tsire na kaka.
Shin kuna sani? Scare away karas aphids marigolds dasa a garesu na gonar.
Hawthorn aphid
Ƙananan kwari na kore, launin ruwan kasa ko launin baki. Tsuntsaye a kan tsire-tsire na hawthorn na farko, a tsakiyar bazara yana fitar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na foliar da kuma samar da jan tubercles a gefen ɓangaren ganye. A watan Mayu, ya canza canje-canjensa - yana zaune a kan tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire da ganyayyaki, inda yake zaune, mai da hankali a hankali har zuwa lokacin kaka.
Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna raguwa da girma, kuma a farkon kaka mutane sun sake samun kansu a kan hawthorn, inda mata sa qwai don hunturu. Don rigakafi, yana da kyau don dasa karas daga tsirrai masu hawthorn da kuma biyan ayyukan aikin gona a cikin ci gaba. Kula da tsire-tsire tare da pyrethroids da organophosphorus mahadi ko biopesticides zai kasance da amfani.
Gwaran karam aphid
Bar da kwari da kwayar cutar ta shafi tsuntsaye ta shiga cikin kwari, kuma tarawar aphids yakan faru ne a gindin tushen da kuma launi. Sakamakon shi ne lalacewa na karas tushen kayan lambu, da rage a size. Willows da ke rufewa suna taimakawa wajen bayyanar aphids, tun da yake a kan su ne cewa mace mai laushi ta lazimta kuma tana kwantar da qwai. Mafi mahimmanci na gwagwarmaya shine yadawa da neonicotinoids.
Rodents
Baya ga matsalar tare da kwari, rundunonin karas na iya fuskanci matsala na rodents, wanda har ila yau kayan ganimarta (ratsi, murguji da shrews). Za ku iya yin yaki da su tare da taimakon tarkon da masu tsoratarwa. Ga mice da berayen, shine wari na elderberry, mint da anise, don moles da shrews - albasarta da camphor, ko sauti mai tsabta. Duk da haka, idan ka lura cewa kananan dabbobi suna cinye karas, to tabbas ba za ku iya yin ba tare da sunadarai na musamman don halakar da su ba.
M matakan da kwari
Dole ne a shirya wurin wurin lambun ganyayyaki kusa da gadaje na albasa, ko hada haɗarsu, sauyawa jere na karas tare da jere na albasa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Carrot kwari yana son ƙanshin albasa, sabili da haka, yiwuwar bayyanarsa a kan gadaje na karamin zai rage.
Bugu da ƙari, yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye ka'idodin gyaran gona, yana motsawa gadaje masu gauraya, saka idanu da al'adun da suka riga ya kasance da karas a yankin da aka zaɓa.
Yin amfani da takin gargajiya - babban ma'auni mai ƙari wanda ya ƙaru juriya na karas zuwa cututtuka da kwari. Yana da mahimmanci mu tuna cewa kayan ma'adinai na canza canjin sunadarai na ganye da amfanin gona na tushen, kara yawan abun ciki da glucose da amino acid a cikinsu. Yana janye kwari da rodents, sabili da haka, ya fi kyau ya ki su
Girbi mai girbi ma yana da mahimmanci, saboda barin barin asalinsu a ƙasa, zaka kara yawan haɗarin cutar lalacewa.
