Tricolor violet ko pansy - wannan ganye ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara da ake kira. Rarraba a Turai da Asiya. Mutanen sun karbi sunan Ivan da Marya.
Bayanin Shuka
Shahararren ado don wuraren zama da filayen gida sune Pansies. Violet Vitroka ko viola (nau'i na matasan, tare da fure mai haske da girma), wanda kuma ake kira shuka, yaduwar shi daga zuriya. A cikin Rasha, an shuka shi a cikin ƙasa a cikin bazara, a gida yana girma shekara zagaye.
Kyawawan furannin furanni masu furanni masu furanni iri-iri a yawancin lokuta ba a samun su a cikin gidajen. Dankin yana ƙaunar buɗe sarari da ingantaccen haske. Commonarin abubuwan haɗaɗɗun abubuwa a cikin tukwane na rataye a baranda.
Lambu tare da gwaninta suna shuka shuka a cikin hunturu. A yankunansu, ciyawar viola tana farawa ne a ƙarshen bazara.
Don yankuna masu sanyi, ana bada shawarar narkarda tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara da biennial na Rococo Mix iri-iri. Kyakkyawan karammiski masu launuka daban-daban na inuwa sun kai 6 cm a diamita, Bloom daga farkon bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka. Matsakaicin tsayin tsinkaya shine kimanin 20 cm.
Kwanakun dasa pansies
A cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi, yawancin viola ana girma a matsayin shuka shekara-shekara. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran nau'in furannin Pansies na fure, idanu basa buƙatar kulawa ta girmamawa, saboda haka mazauna bazara suna ƙaunar su sosai.
Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don bunkasa violetro na Vitrok:
- Saukowa a cikin ƙasa buɗe. Tsaba yada a ko'ina a kan pre-moistened ƙasa surface. Yawancin lokaci wannan yana faruwa a ƙarshen Mayu, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na iska ya tashi zuwa + 18 ... +20 ° C. Flowering fara kusa da Satumba.
- Shuka seedlings fara a watan Fabrairu, Maris. An shuka dabbobi dabbobin a cikin ƙasa buɗe a ƙarshen Afrilu. Tsire-tsire suna da tsayayya da sanyi ga sanyi, fi girma a yalwace. Ana tsammanin farkon farkon a watan Yuni.
- Saukowa a farkon kaka a cikin ƙasa. Aikin yana faruwa a lokacin dumi a cikin kwanakin farko na Satumba. Tsaba suna da lokaci zuwa lokaci don fitarwa. Bayan tushen hunturu, furanni na farko sun fara tashi a farkon bazara.
Kowace ɗayan hanyoyin saukowa tana da nasa fa'ida da rashin jin daɗinta. Wasu lambu suna aiwatar da duka ukun kuma suna jin daɗin kyawawan kayan violet na shekara-shekara.
Hanyar sananniyar hanyar viola ta yaduwar itace, ana amfani dashi don tsire-tsire masu ƙwayar cuta. Ana ɗaukar abu daga manya a lokacin bazara. A matsayin sa, sprouts na m kore hue da 2 internodes sun dace. Kafin dasa, an tsaftace su daga furanni da fure.
A shafin, an zaɓi wurin da ke da inuwa mai zafi kuma ana dasa itace kusa da juna zuwa zurfin 1 cm. Ana shayar da ƙasa, kuma tsire-tsire da kansu an fesa daga bindigan da aka fesa. Rufe violet tare da damp takarda na 7 kwana. Tare da kulawa da ta dace, tushen yana faruwa a cikin wata daya. Bayan haka, zaku iya dasa shuki zuwa tsiro na dindindin.
Abu ne mai sauki mu lura da Pansies. Ya isa ya sami ƙwarewar farko kuma kowane lokacin horo na gaba zai kasance da sauƙi.
Kalandar dasa hasken rana ta shekarar 2019
An san cewa wata yana shafar yanayin jikin mutum. Tsire-tsire suna jin motsin tauraron dan adam ma sosai. Tun zamanin d, a, mutane sun lura cewa dasa shuki a kan wasu ranakun lunar yana ba da ingantaccen iri.
A yau, kalandajin lambu yana taimakawa wajen bunkasa tsirrai masu ƙoshin lafiya a farashi mai araha. Ana amfani da ranakun dace don dasawa; a ranakun da ba a san su ba, ana yin kulawa da manyan hanyoyin miya.
| Watan | M | Wanda ba zai iya yiwuwa ba | |
| Annuals | Perennial | ||
| Janairu | 17-19; 23-27. | 14-19; 23-27. | 5; 6; 21. |
| Fabrairu | 6-8; 11-17; 21-25. | 11-13; 20-25. | 4; 5; 19. |
| Maris | 12-17; 19-20. | 12-17; 19; 20; 27-30. | 6; 7; 21. |
| Afrilu | 6-8; 11-13; 15-17; 29-30. | 6-8; 11-13; 15-17; 24-26; 29, 30 | 5; 19. |
| Mayu | 8-17; 21-23; 26-28. | 6-8; 10-17; 21-23; 26-28; 31 | 5; 19. |
| Yuni | 1; 2; 5; 6; 9-13; 16-20. | 1; 2; 5; 6; 9-13; 16-20, 27-30. | 3; 4; 17. |
| Yuli | 8-10. | 8-12; 25-31. | 2; 3; 17. |
| Agusta | - | 2-6; 17; 18; 21-23; 26-28. | 15; 16; 30; 31. |
| Satumba | - | 1-5; 7-10; 17-24. | 15; 16; 30; 31. |
| Oktoba | - | 4-7, 9-12, 19-21, 23-25, 27. | 14; 28. |
| Nuwamba | 6-8; 13-18; 24-25. | 13-18. | 12; 13; 26, 27. |
Ana shirya tsaba don shuka
Zai fi kyau tara tsaba da kanka, zaɓi tsire-tsire daga cikin kyawawan shafuka. An kafa akwatin iri a maimakon furen, kuma a lokacin ripening harbe tare da hatsi. Ba shi yiwuwa a tara shi a baya, tunda germination zai zama ba komai.
Gardenerswararrun lambu sun sanya jaka na masana'anta na bakin ciki mai santsi a kawunansu, saboda haka sun sami damar tattara zuriyar daga mafi kyawun tsire-tsire.
Don kyakkyawan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta, ana bada shawarar tsaba da aka tattara da hannu ana sarrafa su.
Magungunan Fitosporin yana da kyau sosai, abun da ke faruwa shine ya hana cutar cututtukan fungal lokacin shuka.
Kafin yin shuka, tsaba na violet suna soyayye cikin haɓakar haɓaka na musamman. Mafi kyawun la'akari da Zircon da Epin. Tsarin wannan nau'in yana ƙara ƙarfin jimirin shuka kuma yana taimakawa a farkon matakin germination.
Ya kamata a aiwatar da shiri sosai bisa ga umarnin da aka lulluɓe a cikin kunshin ƙwayoyi. Bayan haka, suna bushe a cikin iska, a baya ana rarraba su a ko'ina a kan shimfiɗa mai santsi a yankin da ke da iska mai kyau.
Seedsasasshen tsaba suna shirye don dasawa. Idan an shirya ajiya, ninka al'adar a cikin takarda ko jakar takarda, barin iska kyauta.
Iyawa
Ana amfani da kwantena na ƙwayar viola daban, babu shawarwari na musamman. An halatta a ɗauki ƙananan filastik ko akwatunan katako, kofukan kwali, da kayan teburin da za a iya dasu a matsayin akwati.
A cikin shagunan lambun na musamman suna sayan trays ko kaset na shuka. Tubalan sun hada da daga sel 4 zuwa 300 masu girma dabam. Yana da kyau duka don amfani da kwantena tare da ƙaramin ƙasa. Yin amfani da cassettes shine saukakawa ga shuka da kayan lambu. Kowane tsiro yana cikin kwayar tasa kuma idan aka dasa shi, tushen tsarin bai lalace ba. Tare da wannan dabarar, kowane mai harba yana karɓar daidai adadin zafi, haske, da taki. A sakamakon haka, seedlingsan itacen sun fi ƙarfi da koshin lafiya.
A gida, yi amfani da kwantena daga qwai. Masu sana'a suna yin shinge don shuka daga kwalaben filastik.
Kasar
Shuka Pansies a cikin ƙasa mai kwance. An sayi cakuda da aka gama a cikin shaguna don lambu. Kafin dasa, yana da kyau a bincika matakin acidity na ƙasa. Violet sun fi son pH na 6.5.
Don sanin amfanin litus ɗin.
Residentswararrun mazauna bazara suna shirya ƙasar da kansu. Akwai girke-girke da yawa don gaurayawar ƙasa mai nasara:
- peat, ƙasa, yashi, humus 2: 2: 1: 2;
- turf ƙasa, yashi, humus 2: 1: 2.
Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa tare da abun ciki na peat, babu buƙatar ƙarin takin mai magani. Ana aiwatar da sutura ta sama bayan harbe farko.
Hakanan ana shuka viola akan allunan peat. Hanyar ana daukar nasara, yana samar da haɓaka mai girma. Kwamfutar hannu tana tsoma cikin ruwa. Bayan kumburi, ana yaduwar tsaba zuwa farfajiyar da aka rufe duniya da dan kadan. Duk abubuwanda ake buƙata don ci gaba da haɓaka sun riga sun kasance cikin. Ya zauna don jiran lokacin shuka.
Babu yanke shawara guda ɗaya akan zaɓin ƙasa. Kowane mai lambu yana ƙayyade haɗuwa mafi dacewa.
Shuka ƙirar viola na shuka
Residentswararrun mazauna rani fara girma pansies tare da shiri na kasar gona cakuda da tsaba. Bayan an kammala aikin, ana kula da ganyen tare da maganin daga naman gwari.
Za'ayi shuka ne bisa ga umarnin mai zuwa:
- Akwatin da aka shirya yana cike da magudanar ruwa, sannan tare da ƙasa.
- Ana cakuda cakuda ƙasa a hankali kuma yana daɗaɗa ta ta tofawa da bindiga mai feshi.
- A ko'ina cikin rarraba tsaba a farfajiya, basa buƙatar zurfafa.
- Fesa farfajiya na kasar gona tare da tsaba a yalwace, wanda ya sa shuka ya je zurfin da ake bukata domin shuka.
- An kwantar da saman akwati tare da fim ɗin manne kuma an saita shi a cikin duhu a dakin zafin jiki.
Wata hanya don shuka viola ita ce sauka a dusar ƙanƙara. Hanyar shirya ƙasa da kwantena sunyi kama da hanyar da aka saba. Bayan haka, ana sa wani daskararren dusar ƙanƙara a saman ƙasa. Violet ne a ko'ina an shuka shi. Dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma tana jawo tsaba zuwa zurfin da ake so.
Mazauna rani sun yi imani cewa hanyar saukar da kan dusar ƙanƙara na samar da tsire-tsire tare da babbar rigakafi da juriya sanyi. Hakanan, wannan hanyar tana da sakamako mai hanawa.
Kula da seedlings na violets
Lingsalingsan da ke buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun a watan farko.
Watering ne yake aikata kamar yadda ƙasa ƙasa ta bushe. An tarwatsa danshi tare da bindiga mai fesawa. Sau daya a wata, ana kara kayan haɓaka haɓaka ruwa. Bayan sprouts sun sami ƙarfi, ana aiwatar da hydration a cikin hanyar da ta saba.
Kada zafin jiki ya fadi a kasa +25 ° C. Lokacin da ƙananan harbe suka bayyana, zaku iya fara fushi da senpolia a hankali, ba da izinin raguwa a zazzabi yayin tashin iska.
A lokacin seedlings kiyaye babban zafi a ƙarƙashin fim. Zai fi kyau fesa ƙasa da ruwa mai ɗumi.
Watan farko bayan shuka, shuka yana buƙatar walƙiya kewaye da agogo. Mazauna rani suna shigar da tushen hasken wucin gadi har sai harbe suka yi ƙarfi.
Iolaan itacen Viola, waɗanda akayi shirin dasa su a ƙasa, an shirya su a gaba. Kimanin wata daya kafin saukowa, ana ɗaukar akwati a cikin iska. Suna farawa daga mintuna 30 kuma kowace rana suna ƙara yawan lokacin da seedlings suke kashewa akan titi zuwa awa 4.
A matsakaicin zafin jiki na yau da kullum na + 18 ° C, ana dasa violet a cikin dindindin. Wannan yakan faru ne a tsakiyar ko ƙarshen Mayu.
Shuka seedlings don gida. Yankakkun harbe suna dasawa cikin tukwane ko gadaje na fure. Masu son Senpolis sun kirkiro abubuwan rataye na asali kuma suna yin ado gida tare dasu duk shekara.
Cututtuka da kwari na seedlings
Rashin kuskure da kurakurai cikin kulawa yana haifar da cututtuka na seedlings.
Ya raunana sprouts na violets sau da yawa zai shafi kwari: thrips, ticks da aphids. Bayan gano alamomin farko, ware duk akwatin seedlings. Ana kula dasu da maganin kwari. Dole ne a maimaita magani wasu lokuta sau 2-3; amma ana kula da keɓewar har sai an gama murmurewa.
Rot Tushen da tushe ba za a iya rasa ba. Dankin ya bushe kuma yaji dadi koda bayan an sha ruwa. Cutar fungal na haifar da cutar, kuma kusan ba zai yiwu a warke ba. Don prophylaxis, ana feshe tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen da ke ɗauke da jan ƙarfe.
Powdery mildew cuta ce ta gama gari na violet. Fesa da tsire-tsire tare da maganin sabulu da ash ash. Dukkan abubuwan an cakuda shi hade kamar haka:
- ruwa 5 l;
- soda 25 gr;
- ruwa sabulu 5 gr.
Maganin yana an yayyafa shi da ƙawancen da ta shafa mako-mako.
Wasa a cikin ganyayyaki yana haifar da kamuwa da ƙwayar cuta. Ana kula da irin wannan cutar tare da fungicides, waɗanda aka saya a cikin shagunan musamman. Ana aiwatar da tsari gwargwadon umarnin don maganin, tsananin lura da maida hankali kan abu a cikin maganin.
Shirya pansies don dasa a watan Fabrairu ko farkon bazara. Dankin ba shi da ma'ana, kuma, idan ka bi shawarwarin, kyawawan gadaje na fure za su yi farin ciki har zuwa ƙarshen kaka.
