Dahlia: iri tare da hotuna da suna, dasa da kulawa

Dahlia (Dahlia, Dahlia) dangi ne na asters, perennial. An ambaci sunan ne bayan ɗan boren masanin Sweden Anders Dahl, kuma sigar ta Rasha ita ce Johann Georgi, masanin bincike ne daga St. Petersburg.

Dankin yana asalin ƙasashen Kudancin Amurka, inda har yanzu Indiyawan suna kiranta "chichipatl", "acocotle", "cocochtitl".

Bayanin

Dahlias dasa kusa da gidan kama da ban sha'awa. Height - 0.5-2 m. Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, dissected, oblong. Kwanduna na inflorescences na launuka daban-daban, masu kyau da sifa, tare da furanni a cikin layuka da yawa ko mai sauƙi.

Abubuwan fure suna da banbanci, dangane da rukuni na dahlias. Furannin furanni sun cika fifita a cikin ginin, tsawonsa ya kai 40 cm a gefen. fure daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Hannun iska na da ƙarfi. Suna da Tushen tushe. Kowace shekara, ana kafa kututtukan dawo da wuya akan tushen wuya. A cikin yanayi mai sanyin sanyi da sanyi ana tono su.

Annual dahlias

Dahlias sune shekara-shekara da shekara-shekara. Tsoffin suna girma ne daga tsaba kuma suna rayuwa har tsawon shekara guda.

Tare da taimakonsu, zaka iya rufe wurare cikin sauri ba kan shafin ba ko kuma wani yanki na gadon filawa, har sai wasu furanni sun yi girma.

Iri daban-daban na shekara dahlias

An rarraba dabarun shekara-shekara zuwa rukuni sama da 10.

Girma na shekara dahlias daga tsaba

Ana samun Dahlias daga tsaba ta hanyoyi guda biyu, ko dai a cikin Maris ta hanyar seedlings, ko a watan Mayu nan da nan cikin ƙasa buɗe. Lura da saurin saukowa:

• Shirya kwantena ta hanyar magance su da maganin maganin manganese.
• Humus, peat, yashi sun haɗu.
• Tsaba suna soaked nan ma rana daya.
• Shuka a cikin tukwane na 3 tsaba, zurfin ba fiye da 1 cm.
• Ana shayar da rigar dunƙulewar baƙar fata ba tare da yin ɗumi-ruwa ba. Kusa, ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse.
• Sun sanya a cikin wurin dumi, yanayin zafin jiki ya kusan +25 ° C. Duba da kuma kwantar da hankali lokaci-lokaci, kada ku bar waterlogging, dubawa don mold.
• Makonni biyu bayan bayyanar ƙofar, ana yin abin tarawa.
• Lokacin da ganye na ainihi 4 ke tsiro, ana shuka seedlings a cikin greenhouse ko lambun ...

Dasa seedlings na shekara-shekara dahlias a cikin lambun fure

Shirya kasar a gaba, tono, ƙara takin ma'adinai. Daga nan sai a yi rami mai saukar ungulu, a bar su a tsakanin 30-50 cm, a kula da halayen shuka.

Furanni ana watsa shi ta hanyar natsuwa ba tare da lalata Tushen bakin ciki ba. Suna yin ruwa, sun rufe ƙasa da ɗanɗano ko ciyawa. Ana ɗaukar manyan maki masu ɗauke da haƙarƙari ko sutura zuwa sanda ko kuma babban dutsen gini.

Yadda Ake tattara tsaba daga Annual Dahlias

Plantswararrun tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi suna alama don tattarawa da adana kayan dasa, ba su damar balaga kusan wata ɗaya da rabi. Sun rataye alamar alama don blanks na gaba, suna ƙoƙarin kada su rasa fure a tsakanin wasu.

Suna girbi a farkon kaka, a rana mai nutsuwa. Ana sanya tsaba a kan ambulan takardu wadanda ke nuna iri-iri.

Idan aka girbe tsaba daga hybrids, a shekara mai zuwa ire-iren su zasu kasance daban.

Perenni dahlias

Sunaye iri-iri ana maimaita su shekara-shekara, ana rarrabe su da inflorescences, kuma ba wai tsawon lokacin namo bane. Kazalika da hanyoyin haihuwa. Ana shuka perennials tare da tubers. Dahlias an rarrabu gwargwadon siffar fure a cikin jinsunan:

Mai sauki

Suna da furanni a jere guda, ƙasa kaɗan tare da rawaya mai launin rawaya, kawai 0.6 m tare da madaidaiciya, rassan da aka yanke. Iri: Princess Maria, Yellow Hammer, Orange, Cupid, Collette.

Kawancen

Terry da furanni biyu-biyu, ciyawar 'yan itace, tubular a tsakiyar. Tall perennial sama da 100 cm.

Yana da nau'ikan iri: Inca, Mambo, Polka. Comets, Lambada.

Siffar-siffa

Babban Semi-terry ko terry, na tuna peonies. Babban. En Rouge, Red Tunic, Bendall, Beauty Chic, Opera.

Kwalalar wuya

Manyan kwanduna da ke da faɗin cm 10 a saman filayen ɗakin lebur masu farar fata fararen fata ne masu kama da abin wuya. Tall iri 120 cm. Bloom daga tsakiyar lokacin rani har zuwa farkon sanyi. Shahararren ra'ayoyin da ƙaunatattun furanni ke ƙauna: Gioconda, Knight, Granato, Butterfly, Zuciyar Danko.

Mai karafa

Yawancin filayen dabbobi masu launuka iri-iri, sama da 9 cm, tare da ɗora masu ƙyalli na katako. Bishiyoyi masu kyau, masu amfani da yankan. An bambanta bambance-bambancen, mafi kyawun sune Kenora Fairball, White Astaire, Gypsy Night, La Bayadere.

Kwayoyin cuta

Sun sami suna saboda ƙananan furanni waɗanda ke kama da ƙananan pompons. Terry, 5 cm tare da matsanancin fure mai laushi, tubular, mai ɗaure a cikin tayal fale-falen buraka.

Fentin launuka daban daban banda shuɗi. Bushes suna da yawa, da rassa masu karfi. Speciesabi'a iri-iri: Viking, Little William Rocco, Amber Quinn.

Cactus

Shrub shuka, forming har 15 peduncles. Furanni masu yawa, 10 cm a diamita, sun nuna furanni a cikin nau'i na allura. Anyi amfani dashi don namo a cikin rukuni ko a hanya guda. Baƙin Gashi, Dandalin Soyayya, Garken Gimbiya, Madubury duba da ban mamaki.

Semi-cactus

Groupungiyar masu sassaucin ra'ayi na asters. Yana tashi zuwa tsawo na cm cm, lush lliage. Terry inflorescences, manyan, partially tubular, fure furanni. Mafi kyawun iri: Meteor, Delight Island, Papes Pink, Peachy Just,

Nymphaeum

Bishiyar katako mai cike da daɗi Ganyayyaki da aka watsa zuwa sassa da yawa. Furen 18 cm, yana tunatar da ruwan Lily, ya ƙunshi ƙananan furanni waɗanda aka karkata zuwa tsakiyar. Tushen suna yin kamshi. Shahararrun shahararrun nau'ikan: Twin, Kens Flame, Rapallo.

Kayan ado

The girma aji na dahlias tare da fure furanni. Ganyayyaki suna akasin haka. Fulawa daga Yuli zuwa Satumba. Furanni suna tanƙwara zuwa tushe, wanda ke ba da sakamako mai ban sha'awa.

Dasa tubers a cikin ƙasa bude

A cikin latitude mai tsabta, dahlias baya barin ciki a cikin ƙasa. Don fure na shekara-shekara, an haƙa rhizomes a cikin kaka, a cikin watanni hunturu ana adana su da kyau, sannan a dasa su a cikin bazara. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don yin wannan. Don bayyanar farkon buds, ana dasa tushen dasa a cikin manyan tukwane na germination, sannan a sanya shi a cikin ƙasa. Ko kuma nan da nan bayan ƙarshen barazanar sanyi, ana dasa su a gonar.

Wannan hanyar yaduwa tana da fa'ida. A cikin tushen, ana kiyaye duk alamun uwar tsiro.

Ana shirya tubers don shuka

Tubers ana germinated a cikin greenhouse ko a kan taga sill, a shirye kwantena tare da kasar gona bi da seedlings. Bincika tushen kafin dasa shuki, cire waɗanda aka bushe. Dasa ba tare da zurfafa ba, bar 3 cm a saman farfajiya, zai fi dacewa tare da kodan. Lokacin da suka fara yin shuka, an cire su daga ƙasa, girgiza kuma raba su da wuka, barin matashi saura ɗaya akan kowane sashi. Ana bi da sassan tare da biostimulant.

An rarraba sassan da aka keɓe a cikin kwantena don ƙarin ci gaba. Idan karin harbe suka bayyana, an yanke su kuma suna kafe a cikin ƙasa. Bayan yanayin sanyi na ƙarshe, a ƙarshen ƙarshen bazara, suna dasa shi a gonar.

Shirya rijiyoyin gaba don dasa shuki kowane 60 cm, ƙara phosphorus, potassium, magnesium. Tubers an dage farawa a cikin ƙasa wanda ya sa kawai sprouted harbe ne bayyane a saman farfajiya, da kuma tushen rufe 5 cm.

Zaɓin shafin

Dahlias furanni ne masu kyamar gaske da furanni masu kyawu. Ana yin la'akari da waɗannan kaddarorin yayin zabar wurin shuka. Wurin ya yi lebur ko dan ƙarami, an rufe shi da shinge ko gine-gine, rana. Furannin furanni ba a dasa su a tsaunin ƙasa ba. Mustasa dole ne ta zama ƙasa, m. Idan ƙasa tana da nauyi, ƙara sawdust, humus ko yashi. Dahlias suna ƙaunar tsaka tsaki ko ƙasan acidic kaɗan. 'Yan lambu suna kula da lalacewar ƙasa a cikin kaka, suna ƙara lemun tsami.

Ba a yin gadaje na fure kusa da bishiyoyi don kar su ɗauki danshi daga Dahlia.

Dahlia Kulawa

Ana kulawa da Dalia, haka kuma ga kowane shinge. Suna lokaci-lokaci suna kawar da ƙasa, kawar da kwari. Tsaga tsintsaye da yawa kamar yadda suke girma, suna samun kwarjinin daji. An yanke wasu daga cikin rassan saboda kada su tsoma baki tare da musayar iska, an yanke itace daga gare su kuma tushe. Ana cire harbe mai rauni yana ba ka damar yin tururuwa a daji don guje wa kamuwa da cuta tare da cututtuka na launin toka da fusarium. Fadaka inflorescences karya take.

Lokaci lokaci-lokaci don cututtuka, kamar yadda mildew powdery na iya bayyana a lokacin bazara. Don guje wa matsaloli suna yin takin potash da phosphorus, fungicides.

Watse

Shayar kowane mako, zuba lita 10 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin daji. To, lokacin da ƙasa ta bushe, aka zubo.

Manyan miya

Lokaci na farko da suke ciyarwa lokacin dasa shuki furanni a cikin ƙasa, sannan kowane sati 2, ma'adinan madadin da takin gargajiya.

A lokacin ciyar, ƙara 15 g na ammonium nitrate, kazalika da superphosphate da potassium a cikin kudi na 30 g da lita 10. A matsayin kwayoyin halittar jiki, suna amfani da taki, mullein ko droppings tsuntsu, wanda aka daskarar da ruwa, don kada su ƙone asalinsu. Taimakawa 1 lita a ƙarƙashin kowace shuka.

Tallafawa

Tall iri iri na dahlias an ɗaure shi da ƙullin trellis ko ƙwaln da aka haƙa a kowane cm 35-40 Ba a tsayar da kayan garter da ƙarfi don kada ya cizo a cikin shuka. Yi amfani da kintinkiri, shimfidu masu fadi na musamman, yankan daga tsoffin gsan raga. Waya da igiya basu dace ba.

Yadda ake tono tubers da adana dahlias a cikin hunturu

Mai tushe da ganyen dahlias za a farkon sanyi. Yi rami zuwa zurfin kusan 30-40 cm daga babban harbi, tono wata shuka. An cire ragowar ƙasa daga tubers, a wanke su a ƙarƙashin rafi na ruwa, kuma a bushe na tsawon wata ɗaya a cikin ɗakuna mai iska a zazzabi wanda bai wuce +12 ° C ba. Sannan ana bi da su da cututtuka kuma su lalace kuma a tsaftace su har sai lokacin bazara mai zuwa.

Rhizomes suna cushe a cikin kwali na kwali ko jakunkuna, ko aka bari a cikin paraffin da yashi matashin kai a cikin cellar ko ɗakin firiji don kayan lambu. Ya kamata a ɗanɗaɗa ɗan murfin dan kadan.

Lokaci-lokaci, ana kula da tushen tushe don lalacewa da lalacewa. Misalai marasa lafiya suna lalacewa.

Dahlia kiwo

Outaukar ta daga cuttings ko rarraba tubers.

Yankan

An yanke sassan sassan tare da diddige, an kula da sashin tare da mai gyara jini. A cikin hunturu, an bar su cikin sanyi domin kar su yi shuka. Lokacin dasa shuki a lokacin rani, suna kafe a cikin kwalaye.

Ana sanya harbe a wani kusurwa zuwa farfajiya na ƙasa, laushi ƙasa kuma ya rufe da fim ko kayan rufe. Bayan bayyanar kyakkyawar coma ta asalin, an dasa tsire-tsire zuwa ƙasa.

Rhizome Raba

Yi a fall, bayan digging da tsire-tsire. An zaɓi tubers mafi ƙoshin lafiya, rabu da juna da adana shi. Mataki na gaba na haifuwa na faruwa ne a lokacin bazara. An bayyana shi a sama.

Karin kwari, cututtuka