Daga cikin abubuwan da ake fitarwa, ana daukar amaryllis snowdrop mafi kyau. Fusoshin fararen fata sun bayyana akan kafafu masu tsayi a cikin Maris. Ba sa jin tsoron sanyi, sun tsaya sosai a cikin bouquets. Saboda tarin taro, suna kan hanyar ƙarewa a cikin daji.
Yawancin nau'ikan ana bred don yin ado da lambuna, wuraren shakatawa. A cikin Holland, ana amfani da kwararan fitila dusar kankara tare da kwararan fitila. A Ingila, an kafa bikin girke-girken gargajiya, ana yinsa ne ranar 19 ga Afrilu.
Babban bayanin dusar ƙanƙara
Galanthus (dusar ƙanƙara) ko fure mai madara shine tsire-tsire na bulbous daga dangin amaryllis. Akwai nau'ikan tsire-tsire sama da 20, yawancinsu suna yin fure a farkon bazara. Suna girma cikin rukuni, suna dacewa da kyau a cikin dabarun lambu a cikin bangarori da yawa na yanayin zafi na Rasha. Peduncles suna tsintsaye, fure suna da yawa, tare da dogayen waje uku da kuma gajeren zanen ciki, suna da wari mai ƙanshi. Lokaci na hurawa - farkon hunturu ko farkon bazara. A tsakiyar bazara, ana kafa ɓawon burodi mai 'ya'yan itace tare da sassan uku, yana cike da kyawawan tsaba na launin toka ko launin duhu. Ganyen dusar kankara na da layi-layi, na nuna, girma har zuwa lokacin bazara, sannan ya bushe. Kwan fitila mai kamanni ne mai kamanni ko kuma ƙirar kwai, an kafa shi daga sikeli, yana girma zuwa 3 cm faɗi. A cikin sinuses na farfajiya na waje, yara sukan zama shekara-shekara - hanyoyin bulbous.
Furen yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, rarrabuwa. Ba ji tsoron sanyi. Anyi kyau sosai, yana dacewa da yanayin yanayi daban-daban.
Tarihin dusar ƙanƙara da Legends
Dangane da al'adar littafi mai tsarki, Hauwa'u ta kasance cikin yanayin bayyanar dusar ƙanƙara. An fitar da su daga aljanna tare da Adam a cikin hunturu. Hauwa'u ta yi nadama game da wannan, ta kalli dusar kankara ta faɗi. Yawancin dusar ƙanƙara, don ƙarfafa matafiya, don yin sanarwar bazara mai zuwa, sun juya zuwa fararen furanni. Snowdrops a al'adun Turai ana ɗaukar su alama ce ta sake haihuwa. Faransawa, Jamusawa sun kira galanthus "kararrawa dusar ƙanƙara". Sunan ba mai haɗari ba ne, ɗan kwalliya mai kama da ita suna kama da sifa. Birtaniya ta kira dutsen dusar kankara "dusar kankara". Furanni suna jan hankalin marubutan, mawaƙa, masu zane-zane.
A cikin al'adun al'ummomin yawancin duniya akwai tatsuniyoyi, al'adun da ke da alaƙa da dusar ƙanƙara. Legends na Turai galibi suna magana ne game da abin da ya faru: daga beads lu'u-lu'u ko haƙoran dragon. A Rasha, kowa ya san labarin Samuel Marshak "watanni 12."
Uwargidan ta aika da diyarta daga cikin daji domin dusar ƙanƙara. 'Yan'uwan sun ji tausayin ta har tsawon watanni kuma su bar furanni su yi fure.
Snowdrop a cikin littafin ja
Gadin mazaunin galanthus yana raguwa koyaushe saboda yawan furanni. Sun bayyana a ranar Hauwa Maris 8, ba Fade na dogon lokaci, suna da kyau hawa. Yanzu an hana sayar da dusar ƙanƙara a bisa doka. Tashin shan dusar ƙanƙara yana hukunci ne ta hanyar doka. Yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan abinci na fari an samo su ne a cikin Littafin Lissafi, gami da galanthus. Wuraren da furanni ke girma a kan ƙasar Rasha a ƙarni na ƙarshe sun karɓi matsayin ajiyar ko kuma ajiyar abubuwa har furanni suka haifar.
Nau'in Galanthus
Kimanin nau'ikan nau'ikan dusar kankara 20 an san su. Don ƙirar kayan ado na rukunoni suna amfani da rabi.
Alpine
Yana da kyau ƙarshen Yammacin Transcaucasia. Tsawon tsirrai, fure tare da furanni masu dusar ƙanƙara-fari, shine 6-9 cm. An bambanta ganyayyaki mafi girma ta kasancewar plaque tare da launi mai haske. An fi girma a cikin gida lokacin rani.
Snow fari
Rarraba a cikin daji, blooms a ƙarshen Fabrairu, farkon Maris, resistant zuwa hunturu frosts. Kwan fitila ta girma zuwa 2 cm a diamita, tsawon kibiyar fure shine 12 cm, ganyayyaki ya fi guntu. Budurwa babba ce, mai girma a sifar, har zuwa tsawon cm 3, ya kai har tsawon wata guda. Fiye da nau'ikan 500 don yankuna daban-daban an kirkiresu bisa tushen dusar ƙanƙara mai yawan daji. Shahararren a cikin Rasha: Lady Elphinstone, Arnott.
Bortkevich
Yana girma a cikin Caucasus kusa da beech thickets. Masu suna bayan botanist wanda ya yi cikakken bayanin shuka. A ganye ne kunkuntar, m, m kore tare da mai haske tint, girma to 6 cm zuwa Bloom, to, kai ga wani peduncle tsawon 30 cm.
A buds ne misali, conical, cibiyar tare da kore speck. Tsawon fure ya kai 4 cm.
Byzantine
Yana kusa da dangin snowdrops, kodayake furanni sun bayyana a cikin kaka, kuma ba a lokacin bazara ba. Yana kama da fuska biyu: yana da fararen fari uku da fararen abubuwa da aka sassaka masu launin kore tare da farin bugun jini. An samo shi a cikin daji a gefen gabar Bosphorus, an noma shi a Yammacin Turai, ba a amfani da shi sosai a Rasha.
Voronova
A yanayi, an rarraba shi a ƙasan Caucasus a gefen Tekun Bahar Maliya, ana horar da shi a cikin ƙasashen Turai, yana da kyau a tsakiyar Rasha. An samo sunan Snowdrop ne bayan sanannen masanin ilimin halitta wanda ya adana nau'in tsiro. Furen fure yana girma zuwa 15 cm tsayi, tsayin dansandan ya kasance daga cm 2 zuwa 4. Toho ya kasance mai daidaitaccen nau'in conical, yana kasancewa har zuwa kwanaki 20. Ganyayyaki sun kasance kunkuntar, har zuwa 2.5 cm fadi, nada fayel, dan kadan ya lanƙwasa.
Ikari
A cikin daji, an samo shi ne kawai a Girka, an samu nasarar horar da shi a wasu yankuna, wanda ba shi da ma'ana ga ƙasa. An bambanta shi da launi maras ban sha'awa na ganye, fure mai launin kore a kan ɗakin fure. Tsawon kibiya ya kai 20 cm, kwan fitila yayi ƙarami, har zuwa 2 cm a diamita. Toho ya yi tsawo zuwa 4 cm tsayi, conical, babba petals tanƙwara. Yana blooms a watan Afrilu, toho yana zuwa kwanaki 25.
Caucasian
Wani nau'in tsinkayyar da aka samo a cikin gandun daji na Central Transcaucasia, Iran. Ganyen layin madaidaiciya ne, kunkuntar, mai sheki. Suna girma zuwa 25 cm a lokacin girma, sun kai cm 15 a lokacin furanni .. stalauren fure ya yi ƙasa, har zuwa cm 20. budan hular da ke da siffa ya kai 1.5 cm a diamita. Petals fararen fata ne, yadudduka har zuwa 2.5 cm tsayi. Inals ɗin ciki Yana blooms a ƙarshen Maris, blooms har zuwa kwanaki 15, rike da kyau a cikin wani bouquet. Yana daskarewa cikin matsanancin sanyi. A cikin wuraren lambu na bukatar tsari.
Mawaki
Ya girma a cikin kasashen Asiya a gindin duwatsun, wanda aka samo kusa da Batumi. Ya bambanta ta da kwan fitila mai siffar siket, har zuwa 2 cm lokacin farin ciki. Ganyayyaki baƙaƙe ne, madaidaiciya, kunkuntar, har zuwa 1.5 cm faɗi.
Peduncle yana girma har zuwa 20 cm tsayi. Kayan filayen waje mai zurfi tare da mugu mai tsayi ya kai 3 cm, ciki har zuwa 1 cm, wani ɓangaren kore a gindi. Yana blooms a tsakiyar Maris, buds šauki har zuwa mako guda.
An nada
Yana faruwa a cikin yankin Crimea, Moldova, Ukraine. Kwan fitila mai launin ƙira ne, mai ɗauke da sikirin ruwan hoda, mai nisan tsini zuwa 3 cm.
Bar tare da launi mai canza launin launi mai haske yayin girma daga haske zuwa kore mai duhu, zama mai haske, tanƙwara ƙasa. Peduncle yana girma zuwa 25 cm tsayi. Budan toho yana da girma, yana da ma'ana, tare da diamita na har zuwa cm 4. Ya bayyana a watan Maris, fure har zuwa makonni 3.
Watsa shirye-shirye
Yana faruwa a cikin Caucasus, yana da kyau a cikin yanayin latitude. Kwan fitila mai girma ya girma, har zuwa 5 cm a diamita.
Bar suna madaidaiciya, m, kore mai yawa. Kibiya tayi girma zuwa 20 cm, budaddiyar kararrawa tayi bayyana a watan Afrilu kuma zata dauki tsawon makonni uku. Tsawon fure na ellipsoidal ya kai 4.5 cm, filayen ciki basu da takin kore.
Elveza
Rarraba a Gabashin Turai, mai suna bayan masanin ilimin botanist wanda ya bayyana shi. Ya bambanta a cikin launuka na ganye mai ɗanɗano (plaque ya bayyana a kansu), siffar mai sihiri na toho. Tsawon furannin shine cm 5. Tsawon kibiyar furen shine 25 cm, girman ganye shine cm 3. Yana daga fure zuwa tsakiyar watan Fabrairu zuwa tsakiyar Maris, an kiyaye shi sosai a cikin babban furanni.
Fasali na girma da yaduwar dusar kankara
Ba safai ake dasa Primroses akan gadaje na mutum ba. An yi amfani da su sau da yawa don daidaita launuka na keɓaɓɓen wuri mai faɗi a tsaunukan dutsen, a cikin fure, filayen dutsen, dutsen. Snowdrop ya jure da kewayen da kyau:
- tare da wasu albarkatu na bulbous fure: tulips, daffodils;
- ciyawar da ke tsirowa a cikin kaka, da girma a cikin lokacin hutawa, lokacin da ganye ya mutu.
Snowdrops ba su tsoron dawowar sanyi, bambancin zazzabi, ci gaba da yin ado a dusar ƙanƙara. Bar, kibiyoyi na fure kawai tanƙwara ƙasa sannan kuma daidaita, ci gaba da fure.
Gwanayen Galanthus masu guba ne, yin aiki tare dasu yana buƙatar daidaito. Hannun hannu yana kiyaye shi ta safofin hannu. Don dasa shuki akan shafin zabi wani wuri mai tsabta, wanda a cikin lokacin inuwa mai zafi yake. Dayan kayan kwalliya basa son hasken rana kai tsaye. Isasa ta fi dacewa da haske, mai gina jiki. A kan yumbu mai kauri, kwararan fitila ba su inganta sosai. Yankunan da suka faru da yanayin farfajiya na karkashin ruwa an riga an zana su saboda kada a gurɓata ruwa.
Lokacin dasa, an binne kwararan fitila zuwa zurfin diamita uku. Yarinyar tafiyar matakai suna girma daban, a wani zurfin zurfin. A cikin ci gaban haɓaka, ba su zurfafa da kansu ba, suna buƙatar sake dasa su. Kwan fitila a shekara yana ba da yara kusan 3, a kan lokaci, tsari ne ke tashi a kan tsire. An ba da shawarar su rarrabu kowane shekara shida. Ana bi da wuraren da aka yanko tare da yankakken gawayi don lalata. Tsarin da ke hade da kai tsaye ana shuka su ne, ba a barin bushewa.
Yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba: an shuka su a cikin bazara, an binne su da santimita 2, an shayar da su sosai. Shootan wasan zai yi kyan gani a cikin kwanaki 20-25, kuma buds zai jira shekaru 3-4.
Soilasa don yin bacci a lokacin shuka shine lokacin da distillation (ya wuce ¼ yawan ƙasar), ana amfani da takaddun takaddun tsire-tsire na kwan fitila. Kula da sashin da aka nuna a umarnin. Fresh taki ba a amfani dashi don ciyar, wuce haddi nitrogen tsokani da ci gaban fungal cututtuka.
Ana amfani da dusar ƙanƙara ta hanyar cutar raunuka. Idan ganye ya rufe launin ruwan kasa, juya kodadde, an kwararan kwararan fitila sama an watsar da su saboda kada tsire-tsire masu makwabta su shafa. Cutar naman gwari tana faruwa ne bayan hunturu mai zafi ko kuma tare da ciyar da wuce kima. Don aiki ta amfani da fungicides na halitta. Chlorosis - blanching na ganye na faruwa ne sakamakon karancin abubuwan da aka gano, a wannan yanayin, an kara sanya riguna masu tsayi, superphosphate.
Hadarin kwari masu haɗari sune:
- daffodil tashi wanda larvae ya ci kwararan fitila;
- albasa nematode, da shuka fara Fade;
- malam buɗe ido, ta sa ƙwai a kan ganyayyaki.
Kwayoyin suna tsoron sarrafa aikin bincike. Ana yin spraying na rigakafi lokacin da kwari na farko da aka fuka bayyana. Kwararan fitila suna cinye by rodents, harbe ne ganye. Ash ash itace ta zama mai hana karfi.
Mr. Mazaunin bazara ya ba da sanarwar: ka'idodi kaɗan don yin dusar kankara
Masu son Primrose tare da galanthus a cikin shirye-shiryen suna tallafa wa shuka a duk tsawon rayuwarta. Abubuwan da za a tuna don cimma kyakkyawar fure:
- Bai kamata ku dasa shuki ba a wuraren bushewa cikin hanzari, za a sami furanni kaɗan. A kan ƙananan wuraren da ruwan sanyi ke tarawa, kwararan fitila za su lalace.
- Bayan germination, shuka yana buƙatar shayar da shi, idan babu ruwa mai narkewa, na dogon lokaci babu ruwan sama.
- Zai fi kyau a rarraba bumps ko a raba yara a lokacin rani, lokacin dusar kankara ke hutawa. Bayan dasawar kaka, kwararan fitila ba su sami cikakken ƙarfi ba, kada ku dasa buds. A cikin bazara, tsire-tsire ba su da damuwa ko dai.
- Ganyayyaki masu rawaya kawai ne a yanka lokacin da ciyawar ta ƙare. Ganye suna ciyar da sabbin kwararan fitila.
- A lokacin bazara da karancin dusar ƙanƙara, ana rufe dusar kankara da peat ko takin mai sauƙi don ƙasa ta daskarewa. Garkuwa masu nauyi akan galanthus basuyi ba.
- A lokacin furanni, hadi ya kamata ya zama phosphate. Yin amfani da wasu mara amfani. Daga wuce haddi na nitrogen, ganye suna kafa yalwace, shuka ya fara jujjuwa.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa, furen zai haɓaka kullun, kowace shekara yana fitar da kiban launi mai yawa.
Snowdrops baya buƙatar kulawa ta yau da kullun. Lokacin da aka zaɓi wurin dasa cikin nasara, inji yana ɗaukar tushe sosai, zai haifu da kansa. Kowane bazara za a sami karin buds.
Kuna iya cimma fure a hankali idan kun shuka nau'ikan galanthus, alal misali, Elvezu, Snow-white, Fikihu. Za su yi farin ciki na dogon lokaci tare da m buds daga farkon lokacin bazara har sai dusar ƙanƙara ta narke.
