Sunflower shine mallakar dangin Ladannikov, kuma ana kiranta da suna Tender, heliantemum, fure mai dutse, rana ta faɗi. An rarraba shi ko'ina cikin duniya, daga arewacin Afirka zuwa yankuna Arctic na Rasha. Wasu ƙananan tallafin suna yin shuka ta hanyar lambu kuma sun shahara saboda ƙwararrunsu a cikin abun ciki da fure mai ban sha'awa.
Sanarwar sunflower
Sunan lamuran Latin shineanthemum saboda gaskiyar cewa yana buɗe furanni a faɗuwar rana, kuma da maraice petals crumble. Kyau ne na shekara-shekara ko na shekara-shekara mai tsayi tare da tsintsiya madaidaiciya 10-30 cm tsayi. Ganyayyaki masu launin furanni ana shirya su nau'i-nau'i a gaban juna.
Furanni na iya zama na aure, kodayake a mafi yawancin lokuta ana tattara su a cikin goge-goge ko na kwano. Sun ƙunshi 5 petals, kuma a tsakiyar suna da madaidaitan launin rawaya masu yawa. Launinsu yafi yawan launin rawaya, amma fari ne, ruwan hoda ko shunayya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari ne kwantena iri wanda ya ƙunshi ɗayan nisha uku ko uku. 
Arctic
Iri da nau'in sunflower
Halin genus na heliantemum yana da kusan rabe-raben 70, wanda kawai wasu ke girma daga lambu don dalilai na kayan ado. A waje, sun banbanta girman, tsari da inuwa na ganye da ganye.
| Dubawa | Siffofin | Bar / Furanni | Girma (cm) |
| Monolithic (Lammularium) | Daga Bahar Rum da Kudancin Turai. Creeping, tashi ko shimfidawa, abada. | Elongated-oval, kore, mai jin-launin toka ciki waje. Siffar-kamara, launin rawaya, a cikin wasu launuka masu launin ruwan hoda, nau'in curls har zuwa 25 mm. | 30-40. |
| Alpine (oelandicum) | Ya girma a cikin tsaunuka da ƙafa. Murfin ƙasa, Hardy hunturu. | M, elongated, pubescent. Five-petamed, mai haske rawaya. | 10-15. |
| Manyan furanni (babbar magana) | Yana faruwa a cikin tsaunuka a cikin Crimea. Creeping harbe. | M, kore kore. Babban, har zuwa 40 mm a diamita, rawaya mai arziki. | Har zuwa 30. |
| Apennine (apenninum) | Shrub 'yan asalin Asiya Minaramar da duwatsun Turai. Gyara mai tushe. | Elongated, tare da gefen azurfa a ciki. Farin-ruwan hoda tare da tsakiyar rawaya, tare da diamita na har zuwa 20-30 mm, a cikin inflorescences na 3-10 inji mai kwakwalwa. | 20-25. |
| Grey-mai launin gashi (gwangwani) | Yana haɓakawa a cikin tsauraran wurare na Turai, arewacin Afirka. | Karammiski launin toka-kore. Lemun tsami guda biyar. | 10-30. |
| Mai Yiwu | Tashi sama da kasa. | Lanceolate, mashaya daga ƙasa. Pinkish-fari, 20 mm, aka tattara a cikin curls. | Har zuwa 25. |
| Arctic (arcticum) | Wani nau'in haɗari mai haɗari daga yankin Murmansk na Tarayyar Rasha. Yana girma tare da ɗan itace. | M, kore ko launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Rawaya mai haske, har zuwa 25 mm ko'ina, a cikin inflorescences na 3-6 guda. | 10-40. |
Heliantemum da aka samu ta hanyar tsallake nau'in halitta ana kiransa matasan. Tana da madaidaiciya, creeping da sauran iri. Ganyensu suna da kusan iri guda da launi iri, kuma kawunan sun bambanta musamman.
| Digiri | Furanni |
| Pink doka | Haske mai ruwan hoda da ido mai ruwan lemo. |
| Macijin Wuta | Ja mai haske, mai haske zuwa cibiyar. |
| Jar dragon | Uniform ja. |
| Amarya, sarauniyar dusar kankara | M tare da tsakiyar rawaya. |
| Tunawa, Sarauniya | Lemon rawaya da terry baki. |
| Sarauniyar Cherry, Ruby | M cike da ja tare da cikakken buds. |
| Polar bear | Snow-fari tare da tsakiyar rawaya. |
| Kirim mai tsami | Cream, haske mai haske a tsakiyar. |
| Tagulla | Orange tare da karafa petals. |
| Cheviot | Mai ladabi apricot ya nuna. |
Gashi mai tushe da ganyayyaki na waɗannan ire-ire duk ana zanen su a cikin launuka daban-daban na kore, suna da fasali iri ɗaya da gefen gwal na ƙasa.
Girma a sunflower daga tsaba
Heliantemum wata ciyawa ce ta bude ƙasa, wanda ke da iyawar yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba, da yanke da kuma rarraba daji. Sabõda haka, shi ne mafi alh inri kafe a cikin ƙasa, ripened tsaba bukatar a shuka don seedlings.
Seeding for seedlings
Zai fi kyau shuka itace mai laushi a farkon kwanakin bazara a cikin haɗe peat. Dasawa, tsincewa da rarrabawa tushen tsarin matasa harbe, amma tukwane na peat magance wannan matsalar. Amfani da keɓaɓɓe a cikin su shine pre-moistened kuma an sanya tsaba 2-3 a saman. Bayan haka an yayyafa su tare da farin yadudduka na kyakkyawan yashi kuma a nannade cikin littafin cellophane.
Lokacin girma daga tsaba, ana samar da seedlings tare da zazzabi wanda ba ya ƙasa da + 18 ... +25 ° C da kuma kwararar hasken rana mai warwatse. Harbe yana iya bayyana ba a farkon mako guda ba, ko ma wata daya. Wannan ya kamata a sa ido a ciki don cire fim a cikin lokaci kuma canja wurin kwantena don sanyaya a + 15 ... +16 ° C.
Girma tsire-tsire na bakin ciki, yanke mafi rauni daga gare su kuma barin ɗayan mafi ƙarfi a cikin kowane tukunya. Kuma a lokaci-lokaci shayar a hankali a kwance.
Heliantemum dasa a cikin ƙasa mara buɗe
Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa a cikin rabin Mayu na biyu ko farkon zamanin Yuni. Zaman su yana da muhimmanci don makonni 1.5-2. Don yin wannan, ana fitar da su zuwa cikin bude a cikin wani wuri mai natsuwa. Tsawon zaman yana ƙaruwa kowace rana daga sa'o'i da yawa har zuwa tsire-tsire ba za su iya zama kan titi a kusa da agogo ba.
Don dasa kai tsaye, ya kamata ka zaɓi wuraren sunlit akan ƙasa tsaka tsaki ko ƙasan alkaline wanda aka haɗu da yashi ko dutse wanda aka murƙushe. Ya kamata a kasance da ramuka a nesa na 0.3 m daga juna, wanda zai samar da girma na bushes kyauta. Peat tukwane tare da seedlings ana sanya su a ciki, a ɗanƙaƙa haƙa a ƙasa kuma ana shayar da su daga sama.
Kulawar rana
Heliantemum abu ne mai ma'ana mara ma'ana sosai. Yana buƙatar shayar da shi lokaci zuwa lokaci, takin, ciyawa da tsabtace ƙasa na ƙaya, yanke harbe iri da kuma rufe don hunturu.
Watse
A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, a lokacin bazara da damina ba ɗan buƙatar mutum ya shayar da shi, a wannan lokacin yana da isasshen ruwan sama na halitta. Ana iya buƙatar ƙasƙantar da ƙasa kawai lokacin bazara, a cikin yanayin yanayin bazara.
Ruwa don wannan an riga an cire shi kuma yana mai zafi a rana.
Taki
Nearasa kusa da kowace shuka ya kamata a sako ta, cike da iskar oxygen tare da share ciyawa. Heliantemum yana karɓar duk abubuwan ma'adinai daga ƙasa, amma kamar yadda ya cancanta, ana ƙara ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki daga kwayoyin halitta mai ruwa. Ana yin wannan kafin ɓoyayyen. Yana da daraja a tuna cewa yawan takin mai magani, musamman takin mai magani na nitrogen, zai haifar da yalwar ci gaba da kayan lambu da kuma fure mai saukin gaske.
Mai jan tsami
Don haɓakar bayyanar daɗaɗa ƙwaƙƙwararren fata yana buƙatar datsa kullun A mafi yawan lokuta, yana fitar da farkon farkon farkon watan Yuni-Yuli. Suna ƙare a cikin kusan wata guda, sannan kuma a yanke na uku bisa dari na tsawon harbe tare da furanni wilted. Wannan zai ba da gaskiya ga bushes kuma zai ba da damar fitar da sabon launi.
Bugu da kari, tsire-tsire da suka girmi shekaru 5 ana sake farfadowa ta hanyar rarraba zuwa da yawa bushes
Cin nasara
Gabaɗaya, sunflower yana da matsanancin hunturu, amma wasu nau'in basu yarda da hunturu. Ba za a buƙaci kariya ba don wakilan Apennine da wakilan monolithic da sauransu, musamman tare da furanni rawaya ko ruwan lemo. Ganin cewa Alpine da nau'ikan matasan da yawa, musamman tare da launi ja da ganyayyaki na azurfa, suna buƙatar rufe shi don hunturu. A saboda wannan, bushewar ganye, rassan spruce, hay ko agrofibre na iya yin hidima.
Karin kwari da cututtuka
Babban haɗari ga mai ladabi shine matsaloli masu zuwa:
- Rot saboda yawan danshi yayin lokacin ruwa sosai da dusar kankara. Ana cire tsire-tsire masu cutar daga rukunin yanar gizon, wanda aka shayar da shi tare da maganin kashe-kashe kamar Fundazole.
- Powdery mildew yana bayyana kanta a cikin nau'in farin plaque akan ganye wanda ke shudewa akan lokaci. Wannan yakan faru ne da yawan zafi, wuce gona da iri, ciyawar ciyawa, ko canjin zafin jiki. An cire shi ta hanyar shirye-shiryen fungicidal.
- Aphids da thrips suna tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga cikin ganyayyaki, suna raunana su kuma suna haifar da mutuwa. Za'a ba da tasirin kwayar halitta ta ƙwayoyin cuta, kamar Fitoverm, Trichopolum, Actofit.
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawara: yin amfani da dusar ƙanƙan rana a cikin wuri mai faɗi
Furen dutse dutse ne mai tsire-tsire na ƙasa wanda ke rufe yanki tare da murfin fure. A cikin zane-zanen ƙasa, ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar hadaddun haɗin hade da gadaje furanni da yawa, lambuna dutse na wucin gadi Yana da ikon yin girma ko da a kan rashin haihuwa da ƙasa mai dutse, gyara da kuma ado bango, gangara, hanyoyin lambun da kan iyakoki.
Zai fi kyau dasa ƙwayar sunflower a cikin sabulu na kwano, Veronica, dabbar dolfin, Iberis, armeria da sauran pereenials masu rarrafe.
Bugu da kari, zai yi kyau mai kyau abun da ke ciki tare da karrarawa, sedum da yawa kafa gonar shuke-shuke. Haka kuma, za'a iya zaban su don fure ya fara a lokaci ɗaya ko daban, ƙirƙirar alamu daga furanni.
