Ya ku masu karatu, daga wannan labarin zaku koya game da ka’idojin girma zinnia daga tsaba, za mu gaya muku lokacin da za ku shuka shi da yadda za ku kula da shuki. Bari muyi magana game da duk cikakkun bayanai kuma mu ba da shawarwari. Kuma a farkon kalmomin biyu game da shuka.
Niaanyen zinnia ko babba shine tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara daga dangin aster. Fulat mai lebur yana kama da gerbera, amma yana da layuka da yawa na manyan petals, ƙarancin katako. Masu shayarwa sun kirkiro palon mai haske na zinnias, daga rawaya zuwa haske mai haske, tare da tabarau da yawa masu launin ja da lemo. A tushe na shuka ne m, barga, yana da dama buds a kai. Suna farawa a hankali. Bayan fure, an kafa akwatunan sako-sako, suna ɗaukar tsaba.
Majors suna yin fure a tsakiyar bazara, suna murna da launuka har ƙarshen Satumba. Fure mai ƙaunar zafi yana jin tsoron sanyi, ya mutu nan da nan. A tsakiyar yankin, Rasha, Siberiya, Urals, zinnia ana shuka shi a cikin ƙasa kawai tare da seedlings, lokacin ciyayi har zuwa lokacin furanni shine watanni 2.5. A cikin yankuna masu ɗumi ne kawai ke shuka iri a gadajen fure. Noma na shuka daga seedsan itace ba mai wahala bane, amma kasuwancin da ke da alhakin. Don samun kyakkyawan sakamako, kuna buƙatar sanin ƙa'idodi na asali don kula da shukar furanni.
Girma Zinnia daga Tsaba
Majors a cikin babban tsarin kayan dasa ana ba da su ta kwastomomi na musamman. Yawancin lambu suna girma da kansu. Tsaba na zinnia da aka dasa a watan Fabrairu cikakke a cikin kaka. An tattara su, an bushe su, an cushe cikin jakunkuna, dole ne a sanya hannu a ciki, su nuna shekarar tarin. Shuka da iri ne da za'ayi a cikin Maris, Afrilu, dangane da yanayin damina na yankin, ƙarshen ranar dawo frosts.
Da wuri don shuka ƙwayoyin zinnia na seedlings ba sa ma'ana. A shuka zai shimfiɗa, idin za a daidaita da wurin dasa a bude ƙasa. Da mazan da shuka, da muni yana canja wurin dashi, tushen tsarin sha wahala.
Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don ƙasa: tare da tara kuma ba tare da shi ba. Amma da farko, 'yan kalmomi game da shirin iri. Kafin shuka, ana ana jerawa, an ƙi lalace, na bakin ciki, karye. Sannan an bincika kayan iri don ƙwaya, musamman idan an daɗe ana adana shi. An sanya tsaba tsawon kwanaki 2 a cikin m nama don kumburi. Bai kamata a kyale bushewar kayan dasa ba, zai lalace.
Daga wuce haddi na ruwa, fatar jiki na iya yin rashin lafiya, m. Ya isa ya fesa karamin abu sau biyu a rana daga bindigar da aka fesa. Tsarin allura ya kamata ya zube da kyau, jiƙa cikin danshi da ƙyanƙyashe. Mai tsananin bushe tsaba tsiro har zuwa mako guda. Wani lokacin iri yana tsunduma cikin ruwa tsawon mintina 30, bayan wannan sai aka watsa shi akan zane mai bushe. Zai dace mu shuka tsaba a cikin saucer, suna saka shi a rana ko a batirin domin hatsi ya yi zafi. Idan tsiran ba su bayyana ba, an jefa iri jarabawar, an kafa sabon yaƙi a kan seedling. Tsaba suna adana shi har zuwa shekaru biyu. Bayan wannan lokacin, germination saukad da.
Shuka ranakun dabarun kalandar Lunar 2019
Ana shuka zinnia daga ƙarshen Maris har zuwa farkon Afrilu. Tare da irin waɗannan ranakun shuka, furanni za suyi farin ciki da buds na dogon lokaci, ƙwayayen zasu sami lokaci don su yi girma.
A cikin ƙasa bude dasa a watan Mayu-Yuni. Yana mai da hankali kan hawan wata, a shekara ta 2019 ya fi kyau shiga harkar shuka:
- Maris - 19-20;
- Afrilu - 16-17, 22-23.
Lokaci mai kyau don dasa shuki a cikin shukar furanni:
- Mayu - 9-10, 15-16;
- Yuni - 9-12.
An dauke ranakun sabon wata da cikakkiyar wata, bashi da kyau don dasa shuki, tsirrai:
- Maris - 5-7, 21-22;
- Afrilu - 4-6, 18-21.
- Mayu - 4-6, 19-20
- Yuni - 2-4, 16-17.
Wajibi ne a zabi takamaiman kwanan wata don dasa shuki ko shuka a cikin ƙasa buɗe gwargwadon yanayin ƙasa, ya kamata ya dumama +8 ° C. Idan zafin jiki yana ƙasa, inji ya kamu da rashin lafiya, na iya mutu. Zinnia tana jin tsoron bambance-bambancen zazzabi, wannan ma yana buƙatar la'akari. Duk wani daskarewa zai zama bala'i a gare ta.
Kalmar shuka iri an yanke ta ne ta hanyar lissafin sauki. Lokacin kayan lambu - cikakken lokaci na girma na shuka daga fitowar zuwa zuriya iri yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni 10, wannan shine watanni biyu da rabi. Ana shuka 'ya'yan itace a cikin ƙasa yana da shekaru hudu zuwa shida. A wannan lokaci, lokacin sanyi ya kamata ya ƙare, yanayin dare bai kamata ya sauka a ƙasa ba.
Shuka ƙwayoyin zinnia a gida
Furen yana ƙaunar ƙasa mai narkewa. Don dasa shuki, sun sami wadataccen ƙasa cakuda ƙasa, ƙasa don tumatir. Dayawa suna yin cakuda akan nasu daga sassan 2 na humus, wani sashi na ƙasar sod, zaku iya ½ ½ ɓangaren ruwan yashi. A bu mai kyau zuwa tururi ƙasa a cikin wanka na ruwa ko maganin kodin a cikin tanda a yanayin zafi har zuwa +100 ° C. Guda ɗaya ta hanyar lalacewa ta samu yayin da aka zubar duniya da ruwan zãfi. Zaka iya shirya maganin ruwan hoda na potassiumgangan. Ba lallai ba ne a takin ƙasa mai haɗi tare da ƙari. Zinnia baya son wuce haddi a cikin ƙasa, yana tsoratar da Rotting daga tushen sa.
Dasa tsaba ba tare da ɗumi ba ana yin su a cikin karamin kofuna na peat a haɗe. Suna cike da dangin ƙasa, suna barin 1 cm zuwa gefuna, ƙasa an murƙushe, yi ƙaramin rami don zuriya a tsakiyar. Don ba da tabbacin idan akwai rashin tsiro mara kyau, yawancin wurare 2 allurai na allura a cikin kowane kofuna.
Zai dace mu dasa tsaba a cikin allunan peat. Don zinnia, madaidaicin diamita shine 4 mm. Wanke kai tsaye a cikin zangon mai kariya yana nutsuwa a cikin ruwan dumi na awa ɗaya. Bayan haka, an sanya su a kan tsayawa tare da bangarorin. An shuka tsaba 2-3 a cikin kowane kwamfutar hannu. Bayan germination, mafi kyawun harbi ya ragu. A cikin irin wannan akwati, ya dace don motsa seedlings a cikin ƙasa.
Shuka ta hanyar gargajiya ana yin ta ne a cikin babban tsiro. Don yin wannan, yi tsagi tare da zurfin 5 mm. Suna sanya tsaba a nesa na 2 cm, sun zubar da ƙasa sosai, yayyafa tare da ƙasa mai bushe. Suna ƙara ƙarfin saukowa tare da fim - ƙirƙirar yanayi na tropics, tsabtace shi a cikin wurin dumi don kwanaki 4-7. Tsire-tsire ba sa buƙatar haske a wannan lokacin, shayarwa ma.
An fallasa harbe a wani wuri mai haske, an cire fim ɗin. Nagari zafin jiki don shuka + 22 ... +24 ° С. Ana ɗaukar su cikin kwantena na saukowa na mutum bayan bayyanar cikakkun ganye uku. Zai dace don amfani da kofuna na takarda, an juya su daga tsofaffin jaridu, an sanya su cikin akwatunan filastik, cike da ƙasa.
Shuka tsaba a cikin greenhouse
Lokacin da yanayin damina da greenhouse ya bada izinin, bashi da ma'ana ya shiga cikin girma seedlings a gida. Shuka tsaba na zinnia ne da za'ayi a cikin wani greenhouse. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni na kore seedling namo ne mai kyau haske da shuka acclimatization. A lokacin sanyi, ana kiyaye harbe tare da farin rufe kayan da ba saka ba. Ultraviolet da tsire-tsire suke buƙata ta wuce shi.
An shuka Cynium a cikin kwantena daban ko kwalaye. Tsaba ba a bada shawarar a dasa su a ƙasa ba. Da fari dai, ana iya samun kwari a ƙasa, za a kula da su. Abu na biyu, ƙasa bayan tumatir da kayan ganye ba su dace da zinnia ba, tsire-tsire suna da cututtuka iri ɗaya. Abu na uku, tsire-tsire fure ba zai tsoma baki tare da shirye-shiryen bazara na greenhouse don dasa shuki albarkatu mai ƙaunar zafi ba.
Kulawar seedling
Yawancin lokaci ana sanya tsire-tsire akan sills taga. Suna buƙatar wurin-da-lit, dumi. Suna jin dadin kowane bangare na duniya, ban da arewa. Babu isasshen haske a wurinta. Tare da rashin ultraviolet, seedlings sun fara shimfiɗa, tushe yana zama na bakin ciki, mara tsayayye. Wajibi ne a kara yawan hasken rana. Matsawa zai taimaka wajen tserewa: cire sashi na sama tare da almakashi mai narkewa ko tare da hannunka. Pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin cikakken tsire-tsire, idan sun so su cimma samuwar harbe a kaikaice. Bayan pinching, kara fara reshe: a kaikaice harbe form daga ganye sinuses.
'Ya'yan itace sun amsa da kyau ga kayan miya na sama (duba cikakkun bayanai a ƙasa), spraying ruwa. Suna shirya shawa da yamma don kada ganye ya ƙone rana - ruwan ɗumi ya zama kamar ruwan tabarau. Sau daya a mako, yana da kyau a aiwatar da kwance-sako. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da skewers na katako ko haƙori. An yanke samaniyar zuwa babban zurfin da bai wuce 1 cm ba don lalata tushen sa.
Makonni 3 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mara buɗewa, ana tumɓuke seedlings Ana aiwatar da shi zuwa baranda ko tiren fili idan iska ta tashi zuwa +12 ° C. Fara da mintina 20, a hankali ƙara tazara. A cikin taurare seedlings, kara ya zama mai kauri, ya daina budewa, da sauri ya dauki tushe bayan dasawa.
Siffofin shukar shuki da hasken wuta
Tsiniya ba ta son ruwa mai tsafta, tana buƙatar matsakaiciyar ruwa, ba sau fiye da sau 2 a mako. A ranakun sanyi, ya kamata a maye gurbin ruwa ta hanyar spraying ƙasa. Don rigakafin tushen rot kowane 3 makonni, m lura da ƙasa tare da ruwan hoda bayani na manganese ne da za'ayi. Don ban ruwa amfani da matsa famfo ko narke ruwa. An buga ta a cikin ruwa can tare da kunkuntar tip, zuba ga ainihin.
Duk wata hanyar samar da haske ya dace da haske, kawai a barta ta na dogon lokaci. Kusa da shuka, zaka iya sanya mai fitilun fitila ko LED, basu da zafi sosai. Mafi qarancin nisan shine 60 cm .. Zai bada shawara a kara saurin hasken rana zuwa awa 14. Sannan shuka zata bunkasa sosai.
Ciyar da shuki
A lokacin girma, seedlings sun isa don ciyar sau biyu. Na farko bayan makonni 2-2.5, na biyu - makonni 2 kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa mai buɗewa. Yawa mai yawa ba lallai ba ne. Tsire-tsire na dangin aster ba sa son wuce haddi na kwayoyin, nitrogen, sun fara ji rauni. Itace tana buƙatar potassium, tana cikin manganese, ash. Phosphorus, an ƙara superphosphate don wannan. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine amfani da gaurayawar ma'adinai da aka shirya don ficus, citrus. An shirya mafita bisa ga umarnin.
Don kayan miya na foliar, the biostimulator "Ovary" abu ne mai kyau, ya ƙunshi amino acid, yana ƙarfafa fure mai fure. Kuna iya maye gurbin kayan rigakafin da aka shirya tare da foliar, fesa shuka tare da bayani na takin gargajiya, amma an ninka ruwa mai ninki biyu. Ana aiwatar da irin wannan rigar a sanyin safiya, har rana tayi zafi, ko kuma lokacin da shuka take da inuwa. Ganye mai bushe a rana ba ya barin.
Idan shuka ya haɓaka a cikin kwamfutar peat, ƙara yawan ƙwayar potassium a miya. Don yin wannan, narke tablespoon na itace ash a cikin kwalban ruwa na ruwa. An ba da damar magance matsalar don sati har sati guda, bayan wannan an gurbata shi da ruwa 1: 1, kuma ana amfani da mafita don ban ruwa. Ash ma kyau a cikin cewa shi neutralizes da acidity na peat cakuda.
Daukana seedlings
Kafin dasa shuki na ƙarshe, ana ba da izinin ɗaukar seedlings don ɗauka a cikin sabon yanayi. Idan ba zai yiwu a taurara seedlingsan seedlings a gida ba, sukan kai su zuwa ga koren mashin ko hotbed 2 makonni kafin a dasa, a rufe su daren don kada su daskare. A ranakun da suka yi ɗumi, sai su dauke su a waje, daga nan su bar su su kwana a farfajiyar, da farko a cikin tsari, sannan kuma ba tare da ita ba. Wannan karbuwa yana taimakawa tushen harbi.
An kirkiro tushen tushen iko, wanda ba zai ji tsoron sabon yanayi ba. Kafin dasa shuki, dunjin da aka bushe ya bushe, babba ba'a shayar dashi ba. Ana yin wannan don tara ƙasa a kusa da asalinsu.
Hanyar dasawa ya dogara da kwandon da shuka ya tsiro. Babban zaɓi mafi sauƙi shine dasa ƙwayar zinnia a cikin allunan peat. Ya isa a cire raga mai karfafa gwiwa daga garesu, canja wurin fure zuwa qasa domin a cika 1 cm na kasa sama da teburin .. An cire peat da kofuna na takarda ba tare da lalata lakar na kasa ba, ana yanka su ta fadi tsawon duk tsawon. Ba shi yiwuwa a dasa shuka a takarda da kofin peat; zai yi wahala dawakai su fado. Mafi wahalar dasa shuki idan tsire-tsire suka girma a cikin girma daya dasa. Kasar nan tana da kyau sosai, an jujjuya ta a cikin kayan kwalliya don a iya kaiwa ga tsirrai ba tare da lalacewa ba.
Lokacin da 'ya'yan itacen suke shirye don dasa, ya isa ya sanya shi cikin rami da aka shirya ko kuma maɓuɓɓuga, gwargwadon shimfiɗar gadon filayen.
Zineas suna da kyau sosai kuma suna cikin rukuni. Don saukowa, zaɓi rijiya mai haske, mai tsari daga ɓangaren iska. Acidic kasa an riga an deoxidized, zubar da wani bayani na ash da alli. Majors suna haɓaka shimfidawa, mafi ƙarancin tazara tsakanin tsire-tsire aƙalla 35 cm.
