Ukrainians suna son tafarnuwa. Suna ƙara da shi zuwa yawancin jita-jita, shirye-shirye don hunturu, ku ci bit na sukari da borscht. An kuma amfani dashi don rigakafi da magani na cututtuka da cututtukan cututtuka. Saboda haka, yana girma a kusan kowace mãkircin gida.
Yi la'akari da shawarwari masu amfani akan yadda za a dasa tafarnuwa.
Amfanin Tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire
Tafarnuwa, wanda aka shuka a cikin fall, yana da amfani da dama a kan rassan "'yan uwan". Su ne:
- lokacin amfani: ana cinye tafarnuwa a lokacin rani, yayin da iri-iri na zama a cikin kasa;
- lokacin dasa: akwai lokaci mai yawa a cikin fall don shirya kayan dasawa da gadaje, ba za ku yi wannan bazara, lokacin da akwai aiki mai yawa a kan mãkirci ba tare da shi ba;
- hunturu iri suna da wuya shafi cututtuka da kwari.
- tare da dace dasa hunturu tafarnuwa ba ji tsoron sanyi;
- babu buƙatar watering, kamar dusar ƙanƙara hunturu da kuma ruwan sama;
- yawan amfanin gonar hunturu shine mafi girma a lokacin rani, kuma cloves sun fi girma;
- gadaje basu buƙatar sauye-sauye, tun da yarinya yaro ya bayyana a cikin weeds kuma zai iya nutsar da su.
Yana da sha'awa a karanta game da kaddarorin da shirye-shirye na tafarnuwa: amfanin da hargitsi na tafarnuwa, tafarnuwa kiban, dried da tafarnuwa mai yayyafi; girke-girke na adana tafarnuwa da tafarnuwa; ajiya na tafarnuwa.
Mafi kyau iri hunturu tafarnuwa
Tafarnuwa iri dake girma a cikin Ukraine, mai yawa. Amma wasu daga cikin su sun shiga cikin Jihar Register.
Wadannan sun hada da irin wannan yanayin hunturu:
- "Sofievsky". Tsarin, arrowhead, kaifi. A cikin kwan fitila 5-6 babban cloves. Lokacin shuka shine kwanaki 105-110. An adana shi sosai.
- "Shawarar". Gunman. White albasa da 5-6 hakora. Lokacin shayarwa - 103 days. Ma'ajin ajiya yana da matsakaici.
- "Kharkov Purple". Gunman, sosai kaifi. A cikin kai 4-6 hakora. Yanayin ƙwaya - kwanaki 110-115. Matsakaicin matsayi. Kyakkyawan sanyi juriya (har zuwa -25 ° C). Babban yawan amfanin ƙasa (14-16 t / ha). Ƙaramin kwararan suna da kyakkyawan bayyanar.
- "Duchess". Tsire-tsire na farko yana da kwanaki 85-100 (daga cloves) da kwanaki 60-80 (daga bulbous na iska). Gilashin yana da fari tare da ratsi mai laushi, ya ƙunshi 5-6 manyan hakori. Very kaifi.
- "Farin najina". Girma, matsakaici-girma (kwanaki 105-110). Ƙananan farin kai shine 5-6 manyan hakora.
- "Spas". Gunman. Nau'in furanni yana launin toka-muni tare da mai haske. Aikace-aikace na duniya, kaifi. Dogon adanawa: a cikin yanayi mai kyau zai iya karya har farkon Afrilu. Resistant zuwa nematode da fusarium. Za a iya daidaitawa zuwa sababbin yanayi. High-yawan amfanin ƙasa.
- "Jagora". Unmanaged. Tsakanin zafi. Kwan fitila mai laushi mai laushi, yin la'akari 30-35 g Tsakanin gwajin nematode da fusarium. Tare da ajiya mai kyau zai iya karya har zuwa farkon Maris.
- "Nasara". Arrow, tare da manyan kibiyoyi (har zuwa 2 m). A talakawan balagagge (kwanaki 110-115). M albasa (35-40 g) kunshi 5-6 cloves. Da dandano yana da yaji.
- "Local Starobelsky". Gunman. Matsakaicin matsakaicin (kwanaki 105-110). A cikin farin fari 4-6 manyan hakora. Da dandano yana da yaji.
- "Ukrainian White Gulyaypolsky". Mafi shahararrun wadanda basu da flickers. Ana amfani da shi duka a matsayin bazara, kuma a matsayin hunturu. Ƙarsar shekara (100-120 days). Kwan zuma ba tare da bibi ba, nau'in launin fata-launin fata, nau'in-hakori, nauyi 20-23 g. Adana har zuwa girbi na gaba.
Shin kuna sani? An ambaci alkyabbar a cikin littattafan farko na Littafi Mai-Tsarki. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa 'yan shekaru dubu da suka shude, ya riga ya kasance mai ban sha'awa..
Lokacin da shuka tafarnuwa don hunturu a Ukraine
Don samun girbi mai kyau, dole ne a dasa tafarnuwa a lokaci. Ya kamata a yi la'akari da lokacin yin la'akari don haka kafin a fara sanyi sai hakora suna da tushe, amma ba su da lokaci su yi girma. Sai kawai tare da isasshen samfurori da tafarnuwa zai iya saukewa kuma ba zai daskare ko da a zafin jiki na -25 ° C. Don yin wannan, dole ne a dasa shi 35-45 days kafin farawar frosts.
Kula da yawan zafin jiki na ƙasa: ya kamata ya fada + 10 ... + 12 ° С kuma ba ya tashi. In ba haka ba, hakoran da aka dasa zasu yi sauri, amma ba za su tsira a cikin hunturu ba.
Bisa ga yanayi da yankin da ke sama, masana sun bada shawarar da wadannan lokacin dasa hunturu:
- karshen watan Satumba - domin arewacin yankuna na Ukraine;
- rabin rabin Oktoba - domin yankunan tsakiya da yammacin;
- rabin rabin Oktoba - domin yankin kudancin da Transcarpathia.
Wasu lambu sun yarda kan dasa shuki kayan lambu da kalandar rana. Kamar yadda aka sani, watan yana rinjayar ba'a kawai ba ne kawai, amma har ma matakan ciyayi a cikin tsire-tsire. Don dasa shuki tafarnuwa da kayan lambu mai tushe, lokaci mai kyau shine saukowa na wata. A wannan lokacin, tarin ruwa mai zurfi, wanda yake saturate ƙasa tare da kayan abinci. A cikin shekara ta 2018, kwanaki masu kyau don dasa shuki tafarnuwa: Satumba 4, 5, 12-15; Oktoba 11-13; 8 ga Nuwamba, 11, 16.
Shin kuna sani? Sunan birnin Chicago na Amurka a zahiri fassara daga Indiya kamar "tafarnuwa daji".
Zabi wani wuri mai saukowa
Tafarnuwa Yana son mai yawa rana. Sabili da haka, don ya zabi wani wuri mai haske, mai kyau. Yankakken yanki ya kamata ya zama lebur, ba tare da tsagi ba. In ba haka ba, za su tattara ruwan sama, don taimakawa wajen ci gaban rot da cuta. Idan gonar tana da rami, to, an fi tafarkin mafi kyau mafi girma.
Garlic ƙasa kada ta kasance m. Idan acidity yana da girma, to, kana buƙatar yin lemun tsami. A karkashin tafarnuwa, yashi da loamy kasa sun dace, mafi kyau duka chernozem.
Ƙara koyo game da abun da ke tattare da nau'o'in nau'o'in ƙasa da ƙasa da acidity: muhimmancin albarkatun ƙasa don albarkatun gona daban-daban, yadda za a iya yanke shawarar ƙayyadadden yanayin ƙasa sannan kuma deoxidize ƙasa akan shafin.
Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da al'adun da suka riga sun kasance a wannan yanki.
Mafi kyau su ne cucumbers, zucchini, kabewa, eggplant, wake, kabeji da farin kabeji, radishes da hatsi. Bayan su, ƙasar ta riga ta hadu da abubuwa masu amfani. 
Ba za ku iya shuka tafarnuwa ba bayan amfanin gona da aka girbe (girbi, albasa da tafarnuwa kanta). Suna barin a bayan ƙasa mai lalacewa, wanda ba zai da lokaci ya dawo kafin dasa. Tafarnuwa ne kawai za'a sake girma cikin shekaru 4-5.
Shirin shiri
Ana shirya wuri don tafarnuwa ta fara da girbi al'adun baya. Wannan ya kamata a yi a baya bayan kwanaki 30-40 kafin shuka, don haka duniya za ta sami lokacin hutawa.
Mataki na gaba na shiri ya kamata a gudanar da makonni biyu kafin saukowa. Yankin da aka zaɓa dole ne a haƙa zuwa zurfin 20-30 cm, yayin da cire tushen weeds. Bayan haka, yana da kyawawa don takin ƙasar. Don yin wannan, amfani da takin mai magani da ma'adinai. A kan 1 square. m zai dauki kashi 5-10 na humus. Ana iya haxa shi da alli (2 tbsp.), Ash (2 tbsp), Superphosphate (1 tbsp L.) Da potassium sulphate (2 tbsp L.). Idan kuna ruwa da ƙasa tare da bayani (10%) na jan karfe sulfate, wannan zai zama kare da cutar.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kafin dasa tafarnuwa ba za a hadu da taki ba. Zai haifar da cutar da lalata..
Zabi da kuma shirye-shiryen dasa kayan
Girman iri yana dogara da ingancin dukan amfanin gona. Saboda haka, kana buƙatar zabi kawai hakoran hakora: m, ba tare da lalacewa ba. Matakan tsaro zai zama santsi da snug. Yawan albasa ya kamata ya kasance ba tare da fasa ba. Idan akalla daya hakori yana da mummunan bayyanar, yana da daraja ƙin dukan albasa, tun da sauran hakora zasu iya cutar. Daga tafkiya mai laushi ya buƙaci zaɓin samfurori mafi girma da mafi kyau. An kafa manyan kwararan fitila daga manyan cloves. 
Za a rarraba kayan da aka zaba domin shuka. Disinfection zažužžukan:
- m bayani na potassium permanganate (0.05-0.1%): jiƙa na rana;
- bayani na jan karfe sulfate (1 tbsp da guga na ruwa): bar don 24 hours;
- alkaline bayani (400 g na ash da lita 2 na ruwa): tafasa don minti 30, sanyi da jiƙa da hakora na tsawon sa'o'i 2;
- Yanki a minti biyu a cikin saline (3 tablespoons da lita 5 na ruwa), sa'an nan kuma disinfection minti a cikin wani bayani na jan karfe sulfate (1 tsp da guga na ruwa).
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ku yi sauri ku jefa ƙananan hakora. Idan an dasa su a wani wuri mai shaded, misali, a ƙarƙashin itace, za su zama tushen launin kore a duk lokacin bazara da bazara..
Dokokin shimfiɗa
Lokacin da aka dasa tafarnuwa, dole ne a yi la'akari da muhimman abubuwan da ke da muhimmanci:
- distance a tsakanin layuka ya zama akalla 20-25 cm Wannan zai sa ya sauƙi don sassauta kasa kuma cire weeds;
- nisa tsakanin hakora ya bambanta dangane da girmansu. An dasa kananan samfurori ne a raguwa 7-10 cm, kuma an bar 13-15 cm a tsakanin manyan mutane tare da wannan tsari, za'a sami isasshen wuri don ci gaban kwararan fitila;
- zurfin saukowa yana da mahimmanci. Yana rinjayar girman adadin saukowa. Rashin zurfin tsawan da aka yi a gaba ya ninka hawan hakora. Alal misali, idan hakori yana da zurfin 3 cm, to, zurfin rami ya kamata a kalla 6 cm Saboda haka, ya kamata a ware zuriyar ta hanyar girman;
- babu wani mahimmanci shine yadda aka shuka hakora a cikin tsaunuka. Ya kamata a sanya su a tsaye, a guga man a ƙasa, amma ba a ci gaba da guga ba. Suna buƙatar a guga su don su riƙe su a tsaye lokacin da suke barci. Don haka kai za a kafa daidai.
Tips don kara tafarnuwa: dasa shuki da kulawa a filin bude; me yasa tafarnuwa ya juya launin rawaya (tafarnuwa ta tafarnuwa a spring), girbi tafarnuwa.
Video: dasa tafarnuwa a cikin fall a Ukraine
Sabis na gaba
Bayan saukowa gadaje bukatar "dumi", saboda saboda sanyi kada ku rasa amfanin gona.
- Nan da nan bayan shuka, layuka ya fi dacewa a cike da: tare da sawdust, peat, humus, needles ko ganye na itatuwa. A Layer irin wannan "rufi" zai iya zama 2-10 cm.
- A cikin hunturu, an shawarta ta rufe tafarnuwa tare da dashi na dusar ƙanƙara. Zai zama ƙarin "bargo", kazalika da wani wuri mai laushi a lokacin bazara.
- Wasu lambu a gaba suna sa gadaje da brushwood don ci gaba da dusar ƙanƙara a cikin hunturu.
A cikin bazara, kuma, babu lokacin hutawa, kamar yadda tafarnuwa ya kamata a ciyar da shi. Nan da nan bayan karshen hunturu, kana bukatar ka "ciyar" shi: domin mita 1. m dauki 6 g ammonium nitrate, 9-10 of g superphosphate da 5-6 g potassium sulfate. Bayan wata daya, zaka iya maimaita wannan hanya, idan ya cancanta.
Yellowed ƙananan ganye tafarnuwa fi bayar da shawarar cewa girbi ya riga ya cikakke. An yi amfani da tafarnuwa ta kauri wata daya a baya fiye da bazara.
Video: girma hunturu tafarnuwa a Ukraine
Tsarin tafarnuwa yana buƙatar wasu kokari. Amma idan kun yi duk abin da ke daidai da lokaci, to, duk farashi za a biya tare da sha'awa.
