Cineraria na gidan Astrov ne. Tsarin ya yi kama da na Krestovnikovs na halittar. A cikin daji, yafi girma a cikin ƙasashen Afirka masu zafi. Furen yana aiki da karfi don yin ado da lambuna, gadajen fure, masu haɗuwa.
Bayanin Cineraria
A cikin Latin, sunan fure yana nufin ashen. Wannan herbaceous perennial a cikin hanyar wani ornamental shrub. Bai yarda da sanyi ba, don haka a Rasha ana dasa shi a matsayin shekara-shekara, biennial.
Yana kaiwa 30-90 cm, ya yi harbe-harbe. Yawancin iri tare da kewaya ganye. An fara kewaya faranti, filin yamma, da faɗi.
Reed furanni a cikin hanyar tubules siffar garkuwa-dimbin yawa inflorescences. Petals na launuka daban-daban: jan kunne, fararen fata, canary, pudding. Flow yana da tsayi: daga farkon lokacin bazara zuwa sanyi.
Iri da nau'ikan cineraria
Cineraria na genus ya ƙunshi nau'ikan 50. Koyaya, ba kowa bane ke girma a cikin yanayin mutum ba. Yawancin halittu masu tasowa galibi ana kasu kashi biyu ne:
- ganye na ado - dasa a buɗe ƙasa;
- fure na ado - wanda aka tsara don gyaran gida.
Azurfa (bakin teku)
Girma a cikin gidajen Aljannar. Ganyayyaki na yau da kullun sune launin kore-kore, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin Rosset. Seaside cineraria ya shahara wajen gyaran wurare. Wannan nau'in kuma ana kiranta ƙura na azur.
Mafi mashahuri iri:
| Take | Girma (cm) | Bar |
| Tsarin Azumi | 15-20 | Kayan ado, yadin da aka saka. |
| Cirrus | 20 | Kunya, m. |
Jiki (matasan)
Wannan shi ne kawai iri-iri girma a ɗaka. Koyaya, a cikin wallafe-wallafe a kan Botany yana da dangin Krestovnikov.
Har zuwa 30 cm, wani lokacin ma. Fushin yana da girma, m, ya kai cm 10-20. Bambancin launuka masu launuka daban-daban ana ƙirƙira su da furanni masu kama da gerberas ko dais na fure. Shahararrun irin matasan cineraria:
| Take | Girma (cm) | Furanni (kewaya a cm) |
| Grandiflora | 50-70 | 5-8 |
| Sau biyu | 35-70 | 5 |
| Stellata | 70-90 | 2-4 |
| Rashin tausayi | 20-60 | 4 |
M
Rassan suna yin shege, har zuwa cm 60. Harbe-girke da farantin an rufe su da m villi. Buds na kwanduna. Mafi kyawun iri:
| Take | Girma (cm) | Furanni |
| Nanus | 25 | Sautunan daban |
| Ligulosus | Har zuwa 60 | Terry, tabarau daban-daban |
Noma cineraria
Za a iya dasa shuki kai tsaye a kan titi ko a kan seedlings. Hanya ta biyu an fi so, a wannan yanayin fure zai yi tsawo.
Girma cineraria ta hanyar shuka
Yawancin lokaci, ana sayan tsaba don yaduwa a shagon fure. Suna da kyawawan germination. Samun tarin iri ne da wuya, saboda ba a samun irin shuka a gidajen lambun na Rasha.
Za'ayi shuka ne a farkon rabin Afrilu:
- Zuba peat tare da yashi a cikin akwati (1: 1).
- Yada tsaba ba tare da tono a cikin ƙasa ba.
- Poƙari ƙasa tare da mai katako.
- Moisten seedlings ta hanyar kwalban SPRAY tare da kwallan bututun ruwa ko kuma ta cikin ƙananan magudanar ruwa.
- Rufe tare da gilashin ko kunshin filastik don ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse. Cire tsari a kowace rana don samun iska, magudanar ruwa da kuma cirewar iska daga bangon.
- Karofin farko sun bayyana bayan kwanaki 7-10. Bayan haka, shirya kwantena a cikin ɗakin mai haske.
- Bayan samuwar ganye na 2 na gaske, sai a nutse har ila yau da dunun da aka yanka a cikin kofuna daban, musamman a peat-humus briquettes.
Yanayin da suka wajaba don cineraria
Dole ne a kiyaye dokokin abubuwan ciki masu zuwa:
| Gaskiya | Yanayi |
| Wuri | Zabi mafi kyawun haske. Shade a cikin zafin rana. Zasu iya ƙone ganye. Wannan zai haifar da launin ruwan kasa. |
| Zazzabi | Mafi kyau - + 15 ... +18 ° С. A +20 ° C da sama, ganye zai bushe. A dare, tsire-tsire yana haƙuri da rage zuwa +5 ° C. Idan cineraria ya girma a gida, to, daga Afrilu zuwa Oktoba, ajiye shi a kan loggia, terrace, a cikin kullun da ke samun iska. |
| Kasar | Lokacin dasa shuki a cikin lambu, pre-tono ƙasa, yin peat, takin da yashi. Abubuwan tsire-tsire na cikin gida suna buƙatar a dasa su a cikin kwantena masu matsakaici-cike da peat da ƙasa mai ƙarfi, takin. Ga dukkan nau'ikan namo iri biyu, ana bada shawara don ƙara nau'ikan haushi da itace ash a cikin substrate don hana lalacewar kamuwa da cuta. |
| Haushi | Tall, amma ba za ku iya fesa daji ba saboda tari. A cikin dakin zaka iya sanya kwano tare da dansandan ruwan danshi. A kan titi, shayar da kasar gona da yawa ba tare da ambaliya da rhizome. |
| Watse | Mai yawa, amma ku guji kwararawar ruwa. Bayan moistening, sassauta kasar gona, watse wuya ɓawon burodi. |
| Manyan miya | Regular, musamman idan aka dasa fure akan maɓallin mara kyau. Sanya hadewar ma'adinai sau biyu a wata. A cikin bazara - takin mai magani na nitrogen don gina taro mai kyau kore. A lokacin rani - phosphorus mahadi don mafi kyawun fure. Canja ma'adanai zuwa kwayoyin (mullein) sau da yawa a lokacin kakar. Kwafin cikin gida suna ciyar da sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7. |
| Mai jan tsami | Bayan wilting, datsa da inflorescences. Rarrabe rassan da suka girma a cikin ba daidai ba. |
Ginin gidan cineraria na waje da kulawa
Dasa a cikin gonar ana aiwatar da shi a cikin shekaru goma na biyu na Mayu, lokacin da yiwuwar dawowar yanayin sanyi ya ɓace. Mataki-mataki-mataki:
- Zaɓi yankin da aka zana tare da abinci mai gina jiki, alkaline ƙasa ko acidity na tsaka tsaki.
- Haƙa rami rami mai barin gado, barin nesa na 20-25 cm.
- Matsar da bushes tare da dunƙule dunƙulen zuwa rijiyoyin.
- Karamin ruwa da kasa.
- Don hana daskarewa da maraice, rufe tsire-tsire tare da kayan rufe daga fiber polypropylene. Dauke shi da safe.
Yana da mahimmanci a bi dokokin shayarwa. Tare da rashin isasshen ruwa, daji ya raunana kuma yana fadada, kuma tare da yawan danshi, tushen lalacewa yana faruwa, fure zai mutu a sakamakon. Dankin yana da tsayayya wa fari, saboda haka galibi yakan sha ruwa ruwan sama.
Bayan ruwa, ya zama dole don sassauta da'irar akwati. A kan aiwatar da, lalata ciyawa ciyawa.
Kayan lambu na yaduwar cineraria
Varietiesaukatattun nau'ikan ganye-ganye suna yaduwar itace. An dasa harbe a cikin sare. Wannan akwati ne mai ɗaukar hoto wanda za a iya tura shi zuwa wani wuri don kare bushes daga haskoki na ultraviolet. An yi shi ne da katako na katako da kuma katako na katako. Dole ne a yi rami mai zurfi a ƙasa.
Saukowa ana yi a cikin fall:
- Rarrabe guda.
- Zuba ƙasa 10 cm lokacin farin ciki a cikin akwati na musamman.
- Sa ƙasa yashi (5-7 cm).
- Mataki farfajiya da laima tare da ruwan hoda na sinadarin daskarar da ke dauke da sinadarai (na kariya).
- Sanya sandunan a cikin mai saurin haɓaka (alal misali, Kornevin) don 'yan awanni biyu.
- Shuka dasa, kakkawo ƙasa a wuyan kwandon.
- Rufe tare da kwalban (yanke wuyansa) ta danƙa tura shi ƙasa. Ruwa daga sama sau 2 a rana.
- Bayan tushen, fara farawa matasa bushes ga yanayin. Shelterauki mafaka kowace rana don sa'o'i 1-2, a hankali ƙara lokaci.
- Bayan sati daya, cire kwalban gaba daya. Mafi kyau a yanayin hadari ko ruwan sama.
- Don hunturu don sake shirya cikin dakin sanyi.
- A lokacin bazara, ƙasa a kan titi.
Cutar da kwari
Cineraria yana da tsayayya da cututtuka daban-daban da lalacewar kwari. Koyaya, kurakurai cikin abun ciki na iya haifar da matsaloli masu zuwa:
| Cutar / kwaro | Alamu | Matakan sarrafawa |
| Powdery mildew |
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| Tsatsa |
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| Aphids |
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| Spider mite |
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Mista Dachnik ya ba da shawarar: abin da za a yi da cineraria a cikin hunturu
A tsakiyar Rasha, fure yana girma kamar shekara-shekara, saboda ba zai iya jure sanyi a kan titi ba. A ƙarshen kaka, duk harbe sun lalace, an girke shafin.
Wasu lambu suna kiyaye bushes na shekara mai zuwa. An tura su cikin tukwane kuma a tura su zuwa ga haske, ɗakin mai sanyi (+ 10 ... +15 ° C). A irin wannan yanayin za su yi fure. A lokacin bazara, ana sake dasa tsire-tsire a gonar.
A kudancin Rasha, fure na iya yin hunturu akan titi. Don hana daskarewa, ya zama dole a rufe shi da katako na cm cm 10 ko rassan furucin fir. Lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke kuma ƙasa ta bushe (a ƙarshen Afrilu-farkon Mayu), cire tsari.
Cineraria itace fure mai ado mai tsananin gaske wanda baya buƙatar ƙwarewa da ilimi na musamman don kiwo. Ko da masu farawa a cikin ciyawar noma ba za su iya jurewa ba. Lokacin ƙirƙirar duk yanayin don ci gaba, yana da wuya maras wahala da rashin lafiya kuma yana gamsar da kyakkyawarsa duk tsawon lokacin.
