Harkar masara ta zama sananne musamman a yankuna na kudanci, wanda shine dalilin tatsuniya cewa ba ta da tushe koina, amma wannan ya yi nisa da batun.
A zahiri, a cikin wurare masu ɗumi zai fi sauƙi don magance wannan batun, amma a cikin yanayi mai zafi, zaku iya shuka kayan lambu na sukari waɗanda yara suke ƙauna sosai, bambance-bambance a cikin kulawa ba su da girma sosai.
Shahararrun nau'ikan masara
Mataki na farko a cikin shirin dasa shuki ya zama zaɓi na nau'ikan da suka dace. Akwai manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan siyarwa, duk da haka, nisa daga duk sun dace da wani yanki. Daga cikin manyan jerin akwai zaɓi na duniya, zaɓuɓɓuka masu tabbatarwa.
Ya kamata a ɗauka a hankali cewa ya fi guntu bazara a yankin da yakamata a dasa shuki, da zaran an zaɓi iri iri da wuri.
Mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don tsakiyar band:
- Dobrynya;
- Icy nectar;
- Ruhu
- Juzu'i;
- Sundance;
- Abin ci
- Shugaban majagaba
Yi la'akari da cikakkun bayanai abubuwan da aka fi sani.
Dobrynya
Matattarar farkon cikakke, har zuwa 170 cm.
Kowane ƙasa ya dace, da tsayayya da cuta.
Nura m inuwa 121
High samar da gwaggwabar riba, sosai tsayayya wa cuta.
Lokacin girma yayi tsawon kwanaki 75. A cikin tsawo har zuwa 150 cm.
Shugaban majagaba
Ya zama sananne saboda kyakkyawan juriyarsa ga ƙananan yanayin zafi, yawan aiki mai yawa, wanda yanayin bai shafi shi ba.
Kwanaki na shuka da shuka shuki na masara a cikin ƙasa buɗe don yankuna daban-daban
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, bambance-bambance na namo a yankuna daban-daban ƙananan. Tsarin ya bambanta kawai lokacin da za a shuka tsaba.
Bari mu bincika fasalolin girma masara don yankuna:
- Saboda tsakiyar layi rago ba a hana shi nan da nan a cikin ƙasa buɗe. A cikin sharuddan lokaci, ana aiwatar da dasawa a tsakiyar tsakiyar Mayu, kasar gona ta riga tayi zafi sosai, kuma ba a tsammanin lokacin sanyi na watanni 3 masu zuwa. Lokacin zabar iri-iri, yana da daraja bayar da fifiko ga waɗanda suka jure sanyi da kyau. Ana iya sauko dasu ko da a farkon Mayu, kawai a wannan yanayin zai zama dole don gina tsari na musamman na fim.
- A cikin yankin kudu, ana iya aiwatar da saukowa a ƙarshen Afrilu, tun daga wannan lokacin zafin jiki ya tabbata daga +10 ° C. Lokacin zabar iri-iri, ba za ku iya iyakance kanku ba, kowa zai ɗauki tushe.
- Siberiya da Urals na masara sune mafi wuya. Shuka a cikin ƙasa ba a ba da shawarar sosai ba, ana yin namo ta amfani da seedlings, wanda za'a iya dasa shi kawai a tsakiyar watan Yuni, ba a baya ba.
- A cikin Ukraine, yanayin kusan iri ɗaya ne kamar na yankin kudancin. Don yankuna na gaba, za a iya sanya filayen a tsakiyar watan Afrilu kai tsaye a cikin bude ƙasa. Yanayin can akwai taushi da dumama. An dasa su a cikin dajin-steppe zone a ƙarshen Afrilu, kuma a cikin yankin daji a tsakiyar Mayu. Zaɓin tare da 'yan ƙwayar shuki su ma sun dace da ita, tunda yanayin canji ya fi yanayi zafi.
Tsarin hatsi na masara don shuka
Kafin dasa hatsi, dole ne a shirya su:
- Da farko, ana yin zaɓi da hankali, kuna buƙatar ba da fifiko ga mafi girman tsaba, kada su lalace.
- Na gaba shine gwajin shuka. An sanya samfurori da aka zaɓa a cikin salim 5% na kimanin minti 5. Wasu hatsi za su nutse har ƙasa, sun fi dacewa.
- Na gaba shine etching. Wajibi ne don kare cututtuka. A saboda wannan, ana ɗaukar mafita ta musamman - maganin kashe ƙwaro, foda hydrogen peroxide ko kuma rauni mai sauƙi na potassiumganganate. Bayan haka, kuna buƙatar gurɓatar da ƙwayar, a cikin nutsar da su ta farko a cikin ruwan zafi (ba fiye da +50 ° C), sannan a cikin sanyi. Ba fiye da minti 20.
Zabi wurin shuka masara
Gabaɗaya, masara na iya ɗaukar tushe cikin kusan kowace ƙasa. Koyaya, ka tuna cewa tana matukar son danshi. Saboda haka, yana da kyau idan ƙasa za ta riƙe shi da kyau. Drawararren ƙasa ya fi dacewa da girma tsaba.
Za'a iya amfani da shafin da hasken rana sosai, ba tare da daftarin tsari ba.
Juyawar Shuka, magabata da masara masara
Zai fi kyau shuka masara inda kayan lambu, cucumbers, tumatir, kabeji, da kankana suka girma a baya.
Bayan masara, yana da kyau a shuka Dill, Basil, Sage, zucchini, da beets.
Preparationasa shiri don masara
Dole ne wurin fara saiti ya fara kasancewa a shirye. Tona ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30 cm, yayin da suke gabatar da taki a lokaci guda, peat da takin a ciki. An yi aikace-aikacen ne a cikin nauyin 8 kilogiram na taki da 1 sq / m.
Don haɓaka tsirrai da tsawan lokacin bushe, ana gabatar da microfertilizer na musamman a cikin ƙasa. Sun ƙunshi molybdenum da zinc.
To, a cikin bazara nan da nan kafin dasa shuki, dole ne a kula da ƙasa tare da herbicides, ana buƙatar su hana bayyanar ciyawar. Bayan an sake gina ƙasa, ana amfani da takin mai magani akan potassium, gwargwadon lissafin 20 g a 1 sq / m.
Seedlings da seedlings don masara girma
Wannan al'ada tana girma musamman tare da taimakon tsaba. Hanya ɗaya ko wata ta dace da yankuna daban-daban.
Shuka seedlings ya ƙunshi dasa shuki a cikin kaset na musamman tare da sel, ko a tukwane na peat. Ciko cassettes da tukwane na Turf ƙasar tare da rotted humus.
Za'ayi shuka kamar misalin farko a farkon Mayu, amma kafin hakan suna buƙatar karuwa a cikin takaddara ko takarda a zazzabi ba ƙasa da zazzabi ɗakin ba.
A cikin tukunyar peat guda ɗaya, ana sanya tsaba har zuwa 4, yayin da a cikin sel har zuwa 2. An sanya su a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin da bai wuce 3 cm ba, to, ƙasa tana daɗaɗɗa tare da bayani na Fundazole a cikin adadin 4 g a kowace lita 10 na ruwa. Bayan haka, tukwane da kaset ɗin ana sanya su a wani wuri da hasken rana ya kunna.
Shuka masara seedlings
Seedlings ayan girma a hankali. An bada shawara don tsara ƙarin hasken wuta a lokacin fitowar sprouts. Don waɗannan dalilai, fitilar phytolamp ko fitila mai cikakken haske.
Lokaci 1 ya wajaba don haɓakawa tare da Polyfid (takin da ke narkar da ruwa gaba ɗaya baya da sodium da chlorine).
Bayan bayyanar ganye da yawa, bar seedling guda ɗaya kawai a cikin tantanin halitta, mafi ƙarfi. A cikin tukwane na peat, rage adadin su zuwa 2. An lura da haɓaka cikin gida bayan haɓakar ganye.
Lokacin da ya rage mako guda kacal kafin dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa bude, yana da mahimmanci don fara fusatar da sprouts, ɗaukar seedlings a cikin inuwa a cikin iska. Kuna buƙatar farawa da minti 10 a rana.
Dasa masara seedlings a cikin ƙasa bude
Ana saukowa ƙasa lokacin da barazanar sanyi ta wuce. A matsakaita, yana farawa a tsakiyar watan Mayu, ƙasa ta bushe kuma tana warkewa sosai.
Zai dace a yi la’akari da cewa idan zazzabi ya ragu zuwa 0, wannan zai haifar da cikakkiyar dakatarwar ci gaban shuka, kuma ba da daɗewa ba ga mutuwarsa.
Fasaha ta shuka irin masara kai tsaye cikin ƙasa
Shuka tsaba yakamata ya kasance cikin shiri, cikakkiyar ƙasa. Ya kamata a wadata shi da takin zamani, a kula dashi daga ciyawa.
Sannan, ana yin alamar musamman a shafin. Tana tsara wuraren wuraren saukar da wuraren nan gaba inda za'a haƙa ramuka. Tazara tsakanin su ya zama akalla 70 cm, yayin da zurfin rami yakamata ya zama aƙalla cm 9. Ana yin hakan ne don kada tushen hanyoyin tsirrai ya shiga tsakani, don haka ba sa cuɗanya da juna gabaɗaya.
Siffofin Kula da Masara
Masara na bukatar kulawa da kulawa, akai akai akai, weeding, kayan miya da sarrafawa.
Bugu da ƙari, idan an yi watsi da shi, lalacewa za a iya haifar ba kawai ga al'adar ba, har ma da ƙasa, wanda zai haifar da lalata. Za mu bincika mahimman fannoni a mafi daki-daki.
Watse
Al'adar tana matukar son danshi, amma, wuce gona da iri tare da sha shima ba lallai bane. A cikin ƙasa ta cika da ruwa, Tushen zai fara mutuwa, wanda zai haifar da dakatarwar ci gaban da mutuwar shuka. Danshi yakamata ya wuce 75%. Plantaya daga cikin shuka yakamata ya sami akalla lita 1.5 na ruwa.
Idan ba zai yiwu a sarrafa ruwa ba, wajibi ne a kwance ƙasa a kai a kai.
Iyali mai sauƙi ga wannan batun shine tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa, zai iya adana ruwa sosai, saukad da ruwa a lokaci guda ya shiga tushen tsirrai.
Manyan miya
Takin yakamata ya zama na yau da kullun a duk lokacin girma. Zai fi kyau amfani da na duniya.
Koyaya, idan wasu abubuwa, kamar manganese, suka ɓace a cikin ƙasa, yakamata a ƙara.
Cututtuka da kwari na masara
A matsayin rigakafin bayyanar cututtuka daban-daban, ana bada shawara a kula da ƙasa kuma a yi bincike akai. Dangane da sakamakon, takin don inganta kasar gona. Tsarin hatsi kafin dasa shuki dole ne a sarrafa shi daidai da duk ƙa'idodin da aka nuna a sama.
Mafi na kowa cututtuka na masara ne mafitsara smut, fusarium da ja rot. Idan an gano alamun cutar (plaque a cikin ganyayyaki, bayyanar rot, wari mai ƙanshi), ya zama dole don ware samfuran da abin ya shafa ya lalace. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi inganci da ƙarancin kuɗi, ƙari, yana kare lafiyar tsire-tsire daga kamuwa da cuta.
Mr. Maigidan bazara ya ba da shawara: ka'idodi don tattarawa da adana masara
Tsarin masara ya kasu kashi da yawa: madara - hatsi suna da taushi, ganyayyaki suna da wahalar rabuwa, duhu cikin tukwanen gargajiyar, matattarar halittu - ganyayyaki ya koma launin rawaya, hatsi suma ne.
Tarin dole ne a aiwatar da ko dai a lokacin kiwo ko a cikin ilimin halittu. Idan yakamata ku ci sabo, ya zama dole girbi a lokacin kiwo. Don wasu amfani, balagar halitta na shuka ya dace.
Zai dace da tarawa a hankali, watse a ainihin tushe, na farko waɗanda ke kusan zuwa saman. Ana adana masara a cikin bushe bushe, a kan tudu. Nagari a cikin raga, jakunkuna da aka dakatar.
