Kullun yana daya daga cikin nau'o'in fern iri iri, wanda aka fi samuwa a cikin lambun gida. Dangane da sabon abu, ƙananan ganye, yana da babban halayyar ado kuma ya dace daidai cikin kowane gida ciki. Ba zai yiwu a kira aslenium wani tsire-tsire ba, amma idan kun bi wasu shawarwari na masana'antu, za ku iya shuka shi a cikin wani gandun daji ko ɗakin.
Shin kuna sani? Sunan "asplenium" ya fito ne daga Girkanci kuma an fassara shi a matsayin: "a" - "ba", splen - "Shine". An danganta sunan tare da kaddarorin da aka ambata. Ƙasar ta Aslennium ita ce Afirka ta Kudu, yankunan Asia da Oceania.
Aslenium Room Fern: iri da bayanin
Ƙarshen kwayar, wanda aka fi sani da Kostenets fern, na ainihi ne na ainihin nau'ikan karnin Kossentse. Harshen ya hada da nau'in nau'in 700 da ke girma a cikin yanayi mai zurfi, na kasa da na wurare masu zafi. A cikin daji, tsire-tsire tana ɓoyewa a cikin ƙananan dutse ko ke tsiro a bango. Ana iya samo nau'in nau'i nau'i a wasu ƙasashe na Turai, da Indiya, New Zealand, Australia, Madagascar da wasu ƙasashe na Kudu maso gabashin Afirka.
Duk nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'o'in bambanci daban-daban: akwai epiphytes, lithophytes da shuke-shuke, tare da siffofin daban-daban na halaye na waje. Tsawon shuka zai iya kasancewa daga 'yan centimeters zuwa mita biyu, da launi na launi, ko fronds, na iya zama mai sassauci, mai rarraba, tare da dogon petioles ko kuma ba tare da su ba. Tsarin tushen cikin daban-daban na asplenium kuma ya bambanta: daga rhizomes na creeping zuwa gajerun hanyoyi masu ƙarfi waɗanda aka rufe da launin ruwan kasa. Halin halayyar shi ne nau'i mai nau'i (sorus), wanda yake a kasa na rana.
Za'a iya lura da bambancin nau'o'i kawai a cikin daji, inda dukkanin jinsuna suke girma a yanayin yanayi. A cikin lambu na gida, kawai 'yan dozin ne na kowa, daga cikin wadanda mafi yawan su ne:
- Asplenium viviparous - kyawawan kyawawan nau'o'in fern. Differs suna tsoma baki, wutsiyoyi hudu, a kan gajeren fata. Tsawon faranti ya kai 60 cm, kuma fadin ya kai har zuwa 20 cm Tsarin halayen Aspenium viviparous shine ƙwayoyin tumatir, wanda ke ci gaba a gefen babba na ganye, kuma bayan faduwar maturation a kasa da tushe. Kaduna kadai wurin da Aslenium ke zaune a rayuwa shine Gabashin Afrika, tsibirin Madagascar.
- Asplenium Onionaceous - Wasu nau'in halitta na fern, kamar kamannin da suka gabata, amma lakaran launi sun fi fadi da kusa da juna. Vayi ne mai tsaka-tsalle, a cikin gajeren gajeru, fiye da mita daya. Wannan jinsin yana da nauyin ɓoyewa a lokacin da ya fadi ƙasa. Ƙasar ƙasar albarkatun albasa masu girma-albasa shine yankuna masu tsabta na Australia, Indiya da New Zealand.
- Asplenium Asiya ta Kudu - manyan, epiphytic ko Semi-epiphytic fern. Yana da madaidaiciya masu tsalle-tsalle masu tsalle-tsalle waɗanda aka tattaro a cikin wani ƙuƙwalwar ƙila. Wasan launi suna da baya-lanceolate, belt-like, m, a kan short petioles. Gilashin takardar yana dan kadan ne, kamar dai ya zama a tsakiya. Tushen tushen shi ne takaice. A cikin daji yana tsiro a yankunan bakin teku na Australia, a kan tsohuwar kwari ko tsalle.
- Asplenium Scolopendry - An san shi a tsakanin lambu kamar "harshe mai harsashi", yana da kama da tsire-tsire na asplenius, wanda kawai yake da shi, yana kwance zuwa ƙasa. Wannan shi ne nau'in jinsin da ya fi kowa a cikin al'ada, wanda yana da babban adadin iri da kuma hybrids. Mafi yawan siffofin suna ferns tare da mai zurfi sinewy ko curly ganye faranti.
- Asplenium nesting - Wannan nau'in halittu ne, kamar Asiya ta Kudu, amma yana da ƙananan ƙididdiga da kuma ganyayyaki na bude ganye. A yanayi, ana rarraba ginin asplenium a yankin daga Maharbin Malay na Gabashin Afrika, da Madagascar da Hawaii.
Zabi wani wuri don ƙararrawa a cikin dakin
Yanayin da aka zaɓa - maɓallin hanyar cin ganyayyaki na fern aslenium a gida.
Shin Hasken Aminci Ya Bukata Hasken Haske?
Asplenium wani inuwa ne mai inuwa kuma bai yarda da hasken haske ba, hasken rana kai tsaye a kan takaddun ganyayyaki yana contraindicated. Lokacin da za a zaɓi wurin yin girma, zai fi kyau ka ba da fifiko ga windows wanda ke fuskantar arewa, arewa maso yamma da arewacin gabas. Idan a gefen arewa babu yiwuwar sanya ginin, to sai ya fi kyau sanya jakar ta da nesa da mita uku daga taga.
Mafi kyau yawan zazzabi da zafi don girma
Asplenium ita ce tsire-tsire ta thermophilic, kulawa ya shafi samar da iska mai kyau mafi kyau ga shuka a gida. Yanayin da fern yake da dadi shine + 21 ... +24 ° С. Zai fahimci yawan zafin jiki da iska mai bushe - rassan ganye za su bushe, ƙuƙwalwa za su daina girma, wanda zai haifar da mutuwar shuka. Ba sa son fasalin Asplenium da sauyin canji a cikin zafin jiki, don haka iska ya kamata yayi hankali. Yana da kyawawa don rage yawan zazzabi a bit a lokacin hunturu, amma ba kasa da +16 ° C, in ba haka ba shuka zai iya daskare da zubar da ganye.
Ƙasa don girma asplenium
Jinsunan duniya na filaye sun fi dacewa da haske, dan kadan acidic, ƙasa mai laushi da wadata tare da kwayoyin additives. A cakuda sod da ganye ƙasa, humus, peat da yashi ya dace a matsayin madara a cikin rabo 2: 3: 3: 1: 1. Har ila yau yana da kyau a ƙara ƙananan ƙwayoyin gawayi, yumɓu da shinge da kuma yankakken sphagnum yankakken ƙasa. Don tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsalle, anyi cakuda maniyyi na peat tare da peat, fiber na kwakwa da kuma haushi na Pine. Ready shop ƙasa ga orchids zai zama dace.
Hanyoyin saukowa da kuma haifuwa daga cikin asplenium
Dangane da nau'in nau'in ƙwayar jiki, hanyoyi da fasali na haifuwa ya bambanta. Dabbobi masu ban sha'awa sun samo asali daga bishiyoyi wanda tushensu a cikin ƙasa, duk sauran - ta rarraba tantanin sarauniya. A cikin wannan batu, kawai ƙwararrun matasan za a iya raba. Wannan yana yawanci ana aikatawa tare da bazara mai yaduwa. Dole ne a yanke asalin a tsaye cikin sassa biyu ko hudu, saboda haka kowane ɓangaren sapling ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawa na girma. Bayan rarraba seedlings nan da nan a buƙata a dasa su a sako-sako da, rigar ƙasa.
A gida, asalin kwayar kuma za'a iya yaduwa ta shuka shuka. Don yin wannan, a hankali ka cire wani cokali mai yatsa daga farantin takarda mai girma a kan takarda takarda na baya. Wajibi ne a shuka shuki a cikin bazara a farfajiya na kasar gona. Air zazzabi don spore germination dole ne a kalla + 22 ° C. Landings rufe tare da gilashi ko fim don kula da danshi. Bayan seedlings sun bayyana, an cire su, suna barin nisa na 3 cm Bayan makonni uku ana shuka tsire-tsire a cikin kwantena. Don ƙananan bishiyoyi, ƙananan tukwane da ƙananan tukwane sun dace, inda aka sanya ma'auni mai laushi na pebbles ko fadada yumbu kafin dasa. Irin wannan matsin ne wanda aka yalwace shi kuma marar tushe, sabili da haka, don mafi kyau kayan shafawa, an kafa fern a cikin tukunya da fadi na waya. 
Idan akwai wajibi ne don yada kwayar cutar mai yalwaci, to sai bishiyoyi da suka tsufa kuma suka batar, suna buƙatar a nutse su cikin ƙasa mai haske wanda ke cikin kwayoyin halitta. Bayan haka, sanya akwati tare da saukowa ƙarƙashin gilashi ko fim don kallon microclimate mafi kyau. Da zarar ganyen farko ya bayyana, yana nufin cewa fern ya dauki tushe.
Yana da muhimmanci! A lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings asplenium ba za a iya tamped tare da ƙasa a kusa da su. Tushen shuka kamar ƙasa mai laushi inda suke numfasawa, saboda haka kana buƙatar yin karin ramuka a cikin tukwane.
Kula da asplenium a gida
Ɗauran ɗakin ajiya Asplenium ba shine mafi sauki shuka don kulawa ba. Don amfanin gonarta, wajibi ne a ci gaba da kula da yanayi mai kama da mazaunin halitta na fern.
Yaya za a iya samar da ruwa a matsayin mai girma?
Ferns na ruwa kawai buƙatar, mai taushi, kare shi da ruwa. Ana yin wannan a kowace kwana biyu a hanyar da za a rika kula da ruwan sanyi amma ba rigar ƙasa ba. Dukkanin damuwa da ruwa da bushewa ba su yarda ba - wannan zai haifar da mutuwar asplenium. A cikin zafi zafi, watering ƙarawa, a cikin hunturu da shi rage-rage. Har ila yau, inji shine kullum a buƙatar matsanancin zafi, wanda ya zama akalla 60%. Dry asphenium ta kafe. Sabili da haka, lokaci-lokaci yana da muhimmanci don rayar da shuka tare da ruwan zafi a lokacin rani kuma a hankali ya shafa ganye tare da zane mai tsabta a cikin hunturu.
Yana da muhimmanci! Kada ka sanya ƙararrawa a kusa da baturi da wuta.
Fern feed
Matasan matasa sun bukaci a ciyar da su a mataki na cigaba da kuma samuwar harbe. A wannan lokacin, yawanci daga watan Afrilu zuwa Satumba, ana amfani da wani bayani na ma'adinai na ma'adinai a karkashin tushen sau biyu a wata. Cibiyoyin tsire-tsire suna ciyar da sau ɗaya a wata, a lokacin rani, tare da takin mai magani don tsire-tsire na cikin gida.
Asrynium Pruning
Fern Asplenium ba ya buƙatar buƙatar sa na yau da kullum don samar da wata daji. Ya siririn fronds yana da daidai tsari kuma ya kasance da kansa ya zama wani zane-zane, mai suna symmetrical rosette. Sai kawai tsofaffi tsofaffi na launin rawaya da launin launin rawaya sun zama abin yankewa kamar yadda ake bukata.
Gashi na cikin gida
Yawancin gwaninta yayi wajibi ne don amfanin gona mai kyau da ci gaba. Ana yin wannan a kowace shekara ko kowace shekara biyu. Lokacin da aka dasa, an cire matattun asali, kuma ana bukatar kulawa mai rai da hankali sosai, don haka kada su lalata, yayin da suke girma sosai, kuma lalacewar su haifar da ciwo mai tsawo na shuka. Asplenyum an dasa shi a cikin kwantena masu kwaskwarima tare da sako-sako da ƙasa. 
Babban kwari da cututtuka na asplenium
Babban kwari na ƙwayar katako na cikin gida shine launi, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da kuma kwayoyin nematode. Don halakar ƙwayar kwari da mite, zaka iya amfani da "Aktellik" kwari, "Fitoverm", "Fufanon" a madadin lita 1-2 a kowace lita na ruwa. Zai fi wuya a yi yãƙi a cikin kwayoyin halitta, sunadarai ba zasu taimaka a nan ba, yayinda parasites shiga cikin fata na ganye. A wannan yanayin, kawai yankewa na ainihi ya zama dole tare da cikakken cire duk abin da ke lalacewar gutsuka. Daga cututtuka mafi sau da yawa, ƙwayar Asplenium tana rinjayar launin toka ko ɓacin ruɓa, wanda yakan faru a lokacin da rashin dacewa. Gaba ɗaya, yawancin matsaloli da wannan shuka suna da alaƙa da cin zarafin yanayin kulawa, misali:
- idan gwanin ganye na fern ya bushe ya mutu, wannan yana nuna rashin rashin ruwa.
- launin ruwan kasa a kan ganyayyaki suna nuna cewa ƙararrawa yana da zafi, ko kuma an shafe shi da takin mai magani;
- idan takaddun faranti, yana da sanyi sosai;
- idan ganye sun zama kodadde, kusan mahimmanci, wannan yana nufin cewa hasken wucewa ya rinjaye fern, dole ne a sake gyara shi cikin inuwa.
