Ana kiyaye ƙwayoyi da kuma tashe su a gida da kuma a gonaki, shahararren irin wannan aikin shine saboda cewa yana da amfani sosai, kuma yana da amfani, yana ba ka damar samun nama mai kyau da ƙananan nama, qwai don amfanin sirri da kuma tallace-tallace zuwa kasuwanni, shaguna .
Da yake shiga gonar kiwon kaji, manoma suna fuskantar gaskiyar cewa tsuntsaye suna kamuwa da cututtukan cututtuka, mafi hatsari ne cututtukan cututtuka, wanda ya haifar da barazana ba kawai ga tsuntsaye masu cutar da cutar ba, har ma ga mutane. Saboda haka, dole ne mu san ainihin bayyanar cututtuka, ƙungiyoyin hadarin, kayan aiki, matakan rigakafi da magani na irin wannan cututtukan cututtuka kamar ƙwayar kaza.
Mene ne ƙwayoyin ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta?
Mashako mai cututtukan (IB, Mashako mai cututtuka, Burochitis infectious avium) wani cututtukan cututtuka ne da ke dauke da kwayar cutar ta jiki a cikin ƙananan yara, ɓangarorin haihuwa a cikin tsuntsaye masu girma, kuma rage karuwar yawancin hens da samar da kwai.
Tarihin tarihi
Magunguna mai cututtuka, wani cututtuka na numfashi, aka fara bayyana da aka bayyana Schalk da Haun a 1930 a Amurka (North Dakota), amma ba su tabbatar da dalilin cutar ta tsuntsaye ta hanyar kwayar cuta da kuma wakili mai motsi ba.
Nazarin da Bucnell da Brandi suka gudanar, a shekara ta 1932, sun tabbatar da cewa mai wakilci mai yaduwa ne mai yaduwar cutar.
Kwayar cutar ta yadu a gonaki da dama, tun daga shekara ta 1950 cutar taƙara ta kai ga ƙasashe masu cike da kiwon kaji: Italiya, Austria, Norway, Belgium, Denmark, Argentina, Brazil, Girka, India, Sweden, Poland, Netherlands, Masar, Spain, Romania, Faransa , Switzerland.
An kawo kamuwa da cutar zuwa Amurka tare da kaji mai shigo da shi., kiwon kaji da turkeys, qwai. A cikin ƙungiyar, Sotnikov ta gano cutar a shekara ta 1955, wanda ya lura da zuriya daga ƙwayoyin da aka shigo. Rajista na farko na kamuwa da cuta a gonakin masana'antu ya faru a shekarar 1968.
Koyarwa Orpington su ne shugabannin cikin nama a Rasha. Sutarsu tana magana ne da kansa.Duk wani manomi noma ba yana so ya hadu da coccidiosis a cikin kaji. Idan kuna sha'awar wannan cuta, to, kuna nan.
Bambancin bambanci tsakanin maganin cutar an kafa a 1957. Da farko, an ware nau'i biyu kawai.
Na farko shi ne irin Massachusetts, wanda samfurin shine ƙwayar cuta mai cututtuka, Roekel ya kirkiro shi a 1941. A cikin wallafe-wallafen, an nuna wannan nau'in karkashin sunan Bv-41, M-41. Kashi na biyu na cutar shine Connecticut, wanda Junger ya gano a 1950.
Wane ne mafi rinjaye?
Kowace shekaru daban-daban suna da saukin kamuwa da ƙwayar cutar, amma kaji a cikin shekaru 20-30 yana shan wahala sosai.
Babban magungunan cutar shi ne kaji marasa lafiya da tsuntsaye wadanda suka kamu da cutar, su ne masu dauke da kwayar cutar har zuwa kwanaki 100.
Kwayar cutar bronchitis an cire shi a cikin dabbobi da droppings, gas, ruwa daga idanu da hanci, da kuma zakara.
An kawar da kwayar cutar ta jiki da kuma aerogenically, yana yada ta gidajen kiwon kaji, da ruwa, da abinci, da abinci, da masu sha, da kayan kulawa, da tufafin manoma, da hade.
Mutane kuma suna da saukin kamuwa da cutar mashako kuma suna sukar cutar.
Ana fama da annobar cutar mashako a cikin kaji a cikin bazara da lokacin rani. Sau da yawa, mashako mai cututtuka yana faruwa da wasu cututtukan cututtuka da kwayoyin cututtuka.
Chickens da suka shawo kan cutar mashako sun zama marasa rinjaye, amma babu wata yarjejeniya game da tsawon lokaci. Tsuntsu yana samun juriya ga cigaba da ciwon ƙwayar cutar mashako. An kafa antibodies a cikin jikin kaji a ranar 10th kuma lambar su ƙara zuwa kwanaki 36.
Rashin haɗari da yiwuwar lalacewa
Kamuwa da cuta yana haifar da mutuwar kaji, kudaden kuɗi mai mahimmanci, rage yawan aiki na kaji, kuma Har ila yau, haɗari ga mutane.
Ga zuriya, kwayar cutar ita ce mafi haɗari, mutuwa tana faruwa a 60% na lokuta.
Majiyoyin marasa lafiya suna cin abinci mara kyau, domin kowane kilo 1 na riba mai yawa, yawancin abinci yana karuwa da kilo 1, wanda sakamakon wannan irin kaji suna lalata saboda ƙaddamar da ciwon ciki. Ƙirƙashin ƙirar da aka sanya wa kaji marasa lafiya ba za a yi amfani da su ba.
Pathogens
IBK sa RNA-dauke da Coronavirus avia (Coronavirus).
Girman ƙwayar zuma shine 67-130 nm. Kwayar cuta ta shiga cikin dukan Berkefeld, Seitz filters, membrane filters, yana da nau'i mai zagaye ko siffar ellipse, mai tsayi, yana da girma (tsawon 22 nm) tare da tsummoki mai tsayi wanda ya haifar da haɓaka.
An shirya nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sarkar ko rukuni, wani lokaci maƙalinsu shine sananne.
A Rasha, cutar tareda dangantaka ta antigenic tare da Massachusetts, Connecticut, da kuma Iowa na kowa.
Kwayar cutar tana da matukar damuwa a yanayin yanayi:
- a cikin gidaje masu kiwon kaji, litters, perches, shan bowls, feeders rayuwa har zuwa 90 days;
- a cikin kyallen tsuntsaye da ke cikin glycerin, yana rayuwa har zuwa kwanaki 80.
A 16 ° C, a cikin kaji na chicken, cutar ta IBC ta kasance har zuwa kwanaki 12, a cikin harsashin kwai a ciki - har zuwa kwanaki 10, a harsashin kwai a cikin incubator - har zuwa takwas. Cibiyar ta IBP ta kasance har zuwa sa'o'i 11 a cikin ruwan da zafin jiki. Kwayar cutar bronchitis a cikin ruwa mai amfrayo a 32 ° C na kwana 3, a 25 ° C - 24, a -25 ° C - 536, a -4 ° C - 425.
A yanayin zafi maras kyau, kwayar cutar ta ficewa, amma bata rinjaye shi ba. Amma yanayin zafi wanda akasin haka ya rushe kamuwa da cuta, don haka lokacin da mai tsanani zuwa 56 ° C, an rushe shi cikin minti 15. Kwayar cutar ba ta aiki a cikin kwakwalwa, yana tasowa akan embryos.
Kwayar cutar ta mutu daga sakamakon maganin:
- 3% hot soda - don 3 hours;
- Lime chlorine dauke da 6% chlorine - don 6 hours;
- 0.5% formaldehyde - don 3 hours
Bayanai da bayyanar cututtuka
Kwayoyin cututtuka bambanta tsakanin yara da yara. Chickens kiyaye:
- wahalar numfashi;
- tari;
- fashi;
- rashin ƙarfi na numfashi;
- sneezing;
- conjunctivitis;
- cin abinci;
- emaciation;
- kumburi na sinuses karkashin idanu;
- nervousness;
- ƙuƙummacciya.
- saukar da fuka-fuki.
Cutar cututtuka a cikin manya:
- Alamar kore;
- Yaron yana da laushi, sauƙin lalacewa;
- kwai kwanciya ya rage;
- fashi;
- nervousness;
- jawo kafafu;
- fuka-fukan fuka-fuki;
- gyaran jini a cikin trachea da bronchi.
Har zuwa kashi 50% na kaji marasa lafiya zasu iya sa qwai da suke da gwaninta, 25% tare da harsashi mai laushi da na ciki, kuma 20% na da furotin na diphtheritic.
Za a iya haskaka 3 manyan asibitiwanda ke faruwa a cikin ƙwayar cuta a cikin kaji:
- Haske numfashi. Kwayoyin suna da alamun bayyanar cututtuka: tari, wahalar numfashi, raguwa, sinusitis, ƙwayar jiki, rhinitis, kazanta, sayen kusa da mafita mai zafi, raunuka a cikin huhu a bude, catarrhal ko mai sassauci a cikin trachea da bronchi.
- Nasros-nephritic. A autopsy, busawa, bambancin ƙwayar koda na kaji marasa lafiya suna samuwa. Don kaji marasa lafiya, ciki da zawo tare da abun ciki urate shi ne halayyar.
- Haifa. Yana faruwa a cikin manya (fiye da watanni shida). An bayyana cewa babu yiwuwar bayyanar cututtuka na cutar ko sassan jiki na numfashi ba su da tasiri.
Alamar ta ɗaya wadda za'a iya ƙayyade a mataki na wannan ciwo na asibiti da cewa kajin yana da rashin lafiya yana da karuwar lokaci na yawan samfur, har zuwa 80%. Qwai zai iya zama maras kyau, mai laushi, wanda bai dace ba a siffar, gina jiki mai yalwa.
Diagnostics
Binciken ganewa yana da hadari, yana la'akari da dukan bayyanar cututtuka, bayanai (na asibiti, epizootological da pathoanatomical).
Har ila yau yana nazarin cikakken hotunan hoton, duk canje-canje da ke faruwa a jikin marasa lafiya, ana gudanar da binciken nazarin ilimin lissafi da nazarin halittu.
Yana da wuyar gano asalin IBC, saboda irin wannan cututtuka an lura da shi a wasu cututtuka (laryngotracheitis, karamin motsa jiki, numfashi na mycoplasmosis, rhinitis na cutar, cutar Newcastle).
Lokacin da ciwo na haihuwa, duk wani alamun bayyanar ya kusan bazuwa, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci a gudanar da bincike a cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje.
Abubuwan bincike:
- flushes daga trachea da larynx - a cikin kaji mai rai;
- ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwanƙwasa na larynx, trachea, kodan, kishi - a cikin tsuntsaye masu mutuwa;
- jinin jini wanda aka dauka a kowane mako 2.
A cikin nazarin ilimin binciken da aka gudanar:
- neutralization dauki a kan embryos (PH); gwajin gwagwarmaya na gaggawa (RGA);
- Hanyar hanyar antibody;
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent gwaji (ELISA);
- nazarin kwayoyin kwayoyin halitta ta amfani da PCR.
Jiyya da m matakan
A cikin gonaki inda akwai cutar Ebola ta IBV, ana aiwatar da irin wadannan maganin maganin warkewa da kiyayewa:
- ana adana kaji a ɗakunan dakuna, suna daidaita tsarin musayar iska, kawar da fasalin a gidajen gidaje, lura da yanayi mai zafi a ɗakunan.
- kula da cututtuka na biyu.
- bitamin da microelements an kara zuwa ruwa da kuma ciyar.
- ciyar maganin tsawaitaccen lokaci gabatarwa tare da taimakon irin wannan shirye-shirye: chlorospidar, gluteks, ƙwayoyin cuta C, aluminum iodide, Lugol bayani.
An yi suturar sau 2 a mako a gaban kaji tare da sodium hypochlorite (2% chlorine mai aiki). Ganuwar da gandun daji na wuraren kiwon kaji, tsararru, cages wanda aka kula da magunguna marasa lafiya suna ciwo a gaban tsuntsaye tare da hydrogen peroxide (3%).
Ya kamata a kula da gonar yankin a kowace kwana bakwai tare da captic alkali (3% bayani) a cikin wani tsari na formalin (1%).
- karancin riga kafi tare da maganin alurar rigakafin rayuwa da rashin aiki. An yi shi ne daga kwanakin farko na rayuwa, yana ƙarfafa kariya ta dogon lokaci akan cutar.
An yi maganin rigakafi da yawa a kowane makonni 4. Yayin da ake aiwatar da maganin alurar riga kafi, dole ne ku bi duk dokoki da sashi, saboda yin amfani da maganin alurar rigakafi a cikin manyan allurai zai iya haifar da sinusitis, ɓoye na mucous, rhinitis a cikin kaji.
- dakatar da qwai mai fitarwa, embryos, kaji mai rai zuwa wasu gonaki, gonaki.
- Magunguna marasa lafiya sun ware daga lafiya.
- fitarwa da nama, fuka, fuka-fukan ga dalilai na abinci da kuma tallace-tallace ana gudanar ne kawai bayan da aka kawar dashi.
- dakatar da shiryawa don watanni 2.
- An kashe kaji da kuma jigilar su.
- Ƙare lamba na kaji na farko da na biyu, kazalika da kaji da kuma kaji adult.
Chickens Bielefelder ya lashe zukatan manoma masu yawa. Wannan nau'in yana da kyau kuma mai albarka.Kuna iya karanta game da laryngotracheitis a cikin kaji a nan: //selo.guru/ptitsa/kury/bolezni/k-virusnye/laringotraheit.html.
Kuma a nan kuna da zarafi don koyon abubuwan da aka warkar da asibiti.
Kwayar tsuntsaye da ciwon daji na cututtuka yana haifar da lalacewar gonaki da gonaki da noma, da nama da ƙwayar dabbobi, yana haifar da karuwa a cikin yawan mutuwar yara da tsofaffi, rage karuwar yawan kwanciya, yana kawo barazana ga mutane.
Don hanawa da kawar da kamuwa da cuta, dole ne a dauki matakan kulawa da lafiya da kuma yaduwar kwayoyin cuta, daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne ya yi wa matasa ƙwayar rigakafi don ƙara yawan rigakafi da kuma rage hadarin cutar.
Kada a fara cutar tsuntsaye kuma a bar shi da zarafi, saboda ba ya warkewa a cikin yanayin da ya ci gaba, yana kaiwa ga mutuwar tsuntsaye kuma ya rage yawan amfanin gonar kiwon kaji.
