Kwayoyin lambu masu ban sha'awa suna da ƙananan shuka shuke-shuken itatuwa a kan rassan rani, suna fi son cherries saboda sharuddan su da gabatarwa.
Kwanan nan, duk da haka, fiye da 150 ne, iri-iri masu ban sha'awa da samfurori sun bayyana. Daya daga cikin wadannan iri ne Black babba.
Yana da yawa cancanci da hankali da ƙananan ƙididdigar kuma yana da kyau dacewa don girma a cikin tsakar gida. Cherry iri-iri Black Large - daya daga cikin mafi girma-fruited, tare da dandano mai kyau, bayanin irin nau'in da ke gaba a cikin labarin.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
An samo wannan nau'ikan iri-iri saboda sakamakon tsallaka matsakaici-iri-iri. Zhukovskaya kuma Ana amfani da baki.
Ginin mai shuka na Rossoshanskaya, mai suna A. Ya. Voronchikhin, ya shiga cikin kiwo.
A shekara ta 2000, an zartar da Black Large a bisa North Caucasus yankin na Rasha Federation. Har ila yau, tartsatsi ne Volgograd, Voronezh, Rostov da Belgorod yankuna. Aƙalla wasu nau'in cherries Black Large za a iya samun su Belarus da Ukraine.
Wadannan irin su Vavilov Memorial, Novella, Nadezhda da Morozovka suna jin dadi a wadannan yankunan.
Harshen ceri Black babba
Yi la'akari da bayyanar itace da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Tree
Black Manyan low, game 3-4 m, tare da lokacin farin ciki yada pyramidal kambi. Murfin yana da launin toka, duhu, kadan m, ba fatattaka. A harbe ne dogon, matsakaici kauri, madaidaiciya, tare da manyan internodes.
Bark a kan matasa harbe ne greenish, tare da shekaru ya zama grayish-launin ruwan kasa, tare da azurfa patina. Lentils ba pubescent, m, rarely located.
Koda maimakon manyan, m, tare da mahimmancin tip, ba kusa da harbe.
Bar babban, dogon, m a siffarsa, tare da kaifi mai kaifi, duhu mai duhu, m, tare da ƙananan hakora a gefuna, ba tare da tsabta ba.
Harshen Shine yana da tsayi, dogon lokaci, ba marigayi ba.
Flowers quite girma, girma by 3, wani lokacin 2 guda da inflorescence. Petals suna fadi, fari, duhu da ƙarshen flowering.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Berries wannan iri-iri manya-manyan, yin la'akari da kilogram biyar, daɗaɗɗen, da ƙarfi daga ƙananan taru, ba mai yiwuwa a zubar. Fata ne na bakin ciki, duhu sosai, kusan baki.
Jiki nama mai taushi ne mai kyau, mai duhu, mai dadi tare da kawai m m, sosai dandano zaki. Dutsen yana ƙananan, ya rabu.
Wannan nau'i-nau'in ba a lalata shi ba, don haka tabbatar da shuka tare da irin waɗannan abubuwa kamar: M, Kent, Turgenevka, Griot Ostheims, Zhukovskaya, Rossoshanskaya baki.
Hotuna
Halaye na iri-iri
Babban amfani na iri dake ciki Black ya hada da farkon farkon fruiting. Za a iya tattara girbi na fari a dā 3-4 shekaru bayan saukowa.
Black Big Cherry ne matsakaici na farko iri-iri tare da marigayi flowering zamani.
Dabbobi masu yawa na Cherries Black Large suna da kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa da precocity. Daga wani matashi Za a iya tattara bishiyar itacen shekaru 6-8 zuwa kimanin 15-25 kilogiram na berries.
Har ila yau, Uralskaya Rubinovaya, Pamyati Yenikeeva, Turgenevka, da Podbelskaya sun nuna masu girma.
Duk da haka, bishiyoyi na Black Major sun ragu, kimanin shekaru 15-17kuma da shekaru yana da halayyar su ƙananan ƙiwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
A sanyi juriya na iri-iri ne quite high. Kula da digo a t zuwa -32-34С ba tare da lalacewa na musamman ba don 'ya'yan itace.
Da yawa, Chocolate Girl, Shubinka da Vladimirskaya za su kuma faranta maka rai tare da macijin maciji.
Black babban - duk-manufa ceri iri-iri. Yana daidai ya dace da aiki, da kuma amfani da shi. Za a iya adanawa game da 1-2 watanni a firiji. Daidaita don saukewa.
Daya daga cikin manyan kuskuren ƙananan Nau'ikan Black rashin kwanciyar hankali ga cututtukan nama. Mafi sau da yawa, musamman ma a lokacin sanyi da sanyi, ana shafar shi moniliozom, kadan m - coccomycosis.
Dasa da kulawa
Duk da matsanancin matsanancin yanayin hunturu, ya fi kyau a sauko da Ƙananan Black a da kwanciyar hankali, dumi da kariya daga arewacin iskar iska.
Ana dasa shuki ne kawai a lokacin bazara, kafin hutu.
Don wannan iri-iri yana da kyau haske sandy ko loamy ƙasa. Yi shi a gaba: m digging da lemun tsami.
Kwana guda bayan hakan, an yi amfani da takin gargajiya 10-15 kg na takin ko humus da 1 sq M. M.
Kusan dole ne su dasa akalla 3 daban-daban pollinator iri. Shirya makirci: 2.5 * 2 m.Ana shirya ramukan saukowa a cikin fall. Ya kamata su kasance 50-60 cm zurfi kuma kusan 100 cm fadi. A cikin cibiyar dole ne ku karfafa kaya don garter wani sapling.
A cikin rami an sanya cakuda daga ƙasa, 10-15 kg na humus, 0.4 kilogiram na superphosphate da 0.5 kilogiram na ash kuma sanya itace.
Lokacin da ya kamata a kula da dasa shuki Ƙaƙwalwar wuyansa ta samo 6-7 cm sama da ƙasa. Wurin saka wuri a hankali binne da kuma tamped.
Around the seedling yin zurfin zurfin rami don watering. Sa'an nan kuma a cikinta 10-15 lita na ruwa ana zuba a kuma gauraye da bushe takin. Tsirrai da aka jingine a cikin jigon "takwas".
A farkon shekaru 2-3 na rayuwa Tsarin kula da itatuwa zai kasance watering watering, watering and loosening kasar gona. Bayan gurasar ƙasa Tabbatar da ciyawa tare da lokacin farin ciki na peat ko bushe humus.
Kashe ƙasa a kalla sau 3 a kowace kakar, zuwa zurfin kimanin 7-8 cm, don haka kada ya lalata tushen asalin.
Takin daji yana farawa lokacin da itacen ya fara kai 'ya'yan itatuwa na farko.
Taya ko humus taimako ba fiye da sau daya kowace shekara 2 bada kuma ma'adinai da takin mai magani - sau biyu a shekara.
A cikin kaka, a karkashin digging, ƙara da kyau phosphorus da potassium, da kuma a cikin bazara - nitrogen. Da zarar a cikin shekaru 5 kasar gona ta kara da cewa lemun tsami dolomite gari ko ash.
Bishiyoyi masu shayarwa suna shayar da sau ɗaya a kowace kakar, a lokacin girbi na berries, 2-3 buckets na ruwa da shuka. Matasan bishiyoyi - sau da yawa. Dry da zafi weather cherry shayar sau 2-3 a wata.
Nan da nan bayan dasa shuki da tsire-tsire na ciyar da farko pruning. Game da 7-8 daga cikin rassan da suka fi ƙarfin kuma mafi girma daga cikin kambin da za'a kafa shine a bar itace.
Ya kamata a gudanar da bishiyoyi a cikin bazara, wata daya kafin buds fara kara. Ƙananan nau'ikan Black ba ya jure wa katako mai girma, saboda haka dukkanin rassan, tare da harbe fiye da 40 cm, dole ne a taqaitaccen.
Har ila yau cire dukkan rassan da suke girma a cikin kambi. A cikin itacen girma ya kamata ya kasance babu fiye da rassan skeletal guda goma.
Tare da kulawa da kyau da kuma bin ka'idodin pruning, zaka iya rage haɗarin abin da ke faruwa na duniyar bishiyoyi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Babban hasara na Black Big Cherry shi ne yanayin da irin wadannan cututtuka masu ƙyama za su shafa coccomicosis da moniliasis.
Wahala daga coccomicosis yafi ganye, ƙasa da sau da yawa - berries.
Alamun farko na bayyanarsa sune Ƙananan launin ruwan kasa a saman gefen takardar.
Daga baya dige yayi girma, kuma ƙananan ɓangaren ganye suna rufe shi da ruwan horar fata. Magunguna sun bushe da sauri kuma sun fadi. Matakan da aka lalata suna da nakasa kuma sun juya baki.
Don kawar da coccomicosis, an cire rassan da aka shafa kuma ana bi da sassan da cakuda jan karfe da sulphate. Dukkanin ganye an cire su sun kone su. Akalla sau 2 a kowace kakar, ana kula da itace tare da cakuda Bordeaux 3%.
Irin nau'o'in Fairy, Tamaris, Tsarevna da Ashinskaya sunyi tsayayya ga coccomycosis.
Babban hatsari ga cherries shine monilioz Dukan ingancin yana fama da ita: ganye, harbe, rassan da berries. Mafi mahimmanci, wannan cuta tana tasowa a yanayin sanyi da damp.
An fara fara ganye: ƙananan launin ruwan kasa suna bayyana a kansu, waxanda suke girma, sun zama kamar konewa mai tsanani. Sa'an nan kuma cutar motsa zuwa ga akwati da kuma harbe, daga baya - ga berries. Idan lokaci bai fara farawa ba, itace zai iya mutuwa.
Don magance moniliosis, ana amfani dashi tare da cakuda Bordeaux ko jan karfe sulfate.
Yana da mahimmanci don cire duk wani ɓangaren cututtuka na shuka, cire ganye da aka fadi, yanke abin da ake yi da haɗari daga gangar jikin kuma nan da nan ya ƙone shi duka.
Cherry Black Large ne kasa da kowa a cikin matasa plantings. Kuma a cikin masana'antar masana'antu ba kusan amfani dashi ba.
Babban amfani na iri-iri sun haɗa da:
- kananan girman itacen;
- farkon farkon fruiting;
- sosai kyau manyan berries, tare da kyakkyawan dandano mai dadi.
Daga cikin raunuka sune:
- gajeren rai na itace;
- yalwaci don kayar da coccomycosis da moniliasis.
Amma tare da kulawa mai kyau, aiki mai kyau da kuma dacewa sosai, haɗarin cutar za a iya ragewa kaɗan, sa'annan babban Black Cherry zai yi ado da mãkirci na gona.
