M iri-iri na tsakiya Rasha - Cherry Memory Vavilova

A halin yanzu, akwai yawan adadin iri. Nuna wasu halaye iri-iri, sun sami damar gamsar kusan kowane kayan kuɗi.

Akwai daga cikin wadannan nau'o'in tsire-tsire, waɗanda suke murna da masoya na farkon 'ya'yan itatuwa da' ya'yan itatuwa. Babban wakili na wannan rukuni shine irin ceri a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Vavilov.

Masu lambun tsakiya na tsakiyar Rasha da wasu jihohi na Tsohon Harkokin Harkokin Jakadancin Amirka sun nuna matukar sha'awa a ciki. Ƙarin bayanin irin nau'in ceri cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Vavilov, tarihin zaɓi da shawarwari don dasa shuki.

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

An samo wannan ceri a sakamakon binciken da ake samu daga masu bincike. Cibiyar Nazarin Rubuce-rubucen Tattalin Arzikin Rukuni na Rasha-Rasha da Rashawa (watau Laboratory Tsarin Tsarin Mulki). I.V. Michurin (Michurinsk, Tambov yankin).

Kodayake iri-iri na tunawa da Vavilov an sadaukar da shi ga masanin kimiyya na Rasha da Soviet - masana'anta da makiyaya, wanda ya halicci mafi girma a duniya mafi girma daga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, masanin kimiyya na Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya na USSR da Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Noma. Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov (1887-1943).

Mawallafin marubucin, wanda yayi aiki a kan ci gaba da sabon nau'i (E.N. Kharitonov, S.V. Zhukov), ya zabi seedlings da aka samu sakamakon sakamakon zabe na kyauta da ba a sani ba a matsayin tushen abin tunawa.

Bayan gudanar da gwaje gwaje-gwaje na gwaje-gwajen, an yarda da sabon abu kuma an haɗa shi a cikin rajista na jihar iri iri. a yankin Lower Volga da Central Black Duniya. Ya faru a 1985

Bayan amincewar ma'aikata na sabon nau'in, ba wai kawai aikin lambu ne ke aiki a gonaki na tsakiya na Rasha ba, har ma masu kwararru daga wasu jihohin tsohon Soviet Union sun zama masu sha'awar.

Musamman ma, masu shayarwa sun shiga gwaje-gwaje na kansu don daidaita ƙwayoyin likitan Vavilov ta Tsarin Gwaji zuwa yanayin hawan gine-ginen da yanayin zamani. Ukraine da Belarus. A sakamakon haka, an yarda da irin nauyin ceri a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na Vavilov don yin gyare-gyare a cikin Kharkov, Gomel da Grodno yankuna, ƙarin bayani game da halaye na waje na iri-iri.

Morozovka, A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Enikeeva, Zhivitsa, Turgenevka ma sun dace da namo a wadannan yankuna.

Bayani na ceri Memory of Vavilov

Cherry A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Vavilov na da nasu na waje da kuma siffofi na musamman wanda ya bambanta shi daga wasu albarkatun ceri. Her "hoto" kama da wannan:

Tree

Abubuwan da aka ƙayyade tsayi. Launi na kara kuka shine launin ruwan kasa-kore.
Crown, rassan.

A cikin irin wannan nau'in, an kafa kambi a cikin hanyar yadu. Da yawa daga rassan rassan ita ce matsakaici. An kwatanta siffar kambi a matsayin matsakaici.

Harbe. A cikin greenish-launin ruwan kasa kuma ba sosai lokacin farin ciki harbe akwai babban curvature.

A harbe akwai elongated internodes. Manya, ƙananan launin ruwan ƙwallon ƙafa, tare da takaddun hanyoyi sukan sauya dan kadan daga kubuta.

Bar. Kwancen ganye mai duhu kamar kwai-dabba yana da kaifi mai kaifi da tushe. Ƙananan hakora suna haifar da ƙananan leaf leaf. Da takardar kanta, a matsayin mai mulkin, an cire shi da ɗan sama. Daga sama, matte surface na farantin yana da santsi don taɓawa, tare da ƙananan adadin wrinkles.

Takaddun takarda yana da ƙananan ƙarewa. Haske mai haske, nau'in tsararraki masu rarraba suna da faɗi sosai. Bar suna lazimta zuwa rassan ta hanyar elongated, na bakin ciki petioles tare da m pigmentation.
Inflorescences An tsara shi da manyan furanni. Ƙungiyoyin kowane fure ne dan kadan.

'Ya'yan itãcen marmari

Ɗaya daga cikin 'ya'yan itatuwa masu girma a cikin nau'i na zuciya mai tsayi a cikin ƙasa mai tsabta yana da girma a girman.

Alamar nauyi a lokaci guda - matsakaici (a mafi yawancin lokuta, nauyin da aka saba sabawa yana cikin iyakar 3.6 zuwa 4.2 g; a lokuta masu yawa, ceri zai iya yin la'akari kadan). Halin da aka tsara da kuma biki ya ba da tarin zuciya na zuciya zuwa tayin.

Kwayoyin irin su bayyanar da nauyin sune Vyanok, Lebedyanskaya da Dessert Morozova suka bayar.

A gindi ma wani rami ne mai zurfi. Launi na fata na cikakke 'ya'yan itace burgundy.

Launi na ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da duhu. Naman kanta yana da daidaitattun laushi da kuma yalwacin ruwan sanyi.

A cikin 'ya'yan itace wani ɓangare mai haske na launin ruwan kasa. Daga ɓangaren ɓangaren ƙwallon ƙafa an rabu ba tare da yunkuri ba.

Hotuna

Halaye na iri-iri

Dabbobi iri-iri iri iri na Vavilov game da hadi yana da nau'i na ɓangare marasa ciki 'ya'yan itace. Dangane da wannan jinsin yana nufin cewa, saboda wasu siffofi na furen (stamens da stigma na pistil suna samuwa a buds a daban-daban matakan) da kuma hanyar hanyar kafa ovary, ƙananan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun samo asali.

Kai-infertile iri ma Zhukovskaya, Malinovka, Podbelskaya.

An kawar da wannan matsala ta wurin saka kowane mutum wanda aka kwatanta da bishiyoyin wasu nau'ikan ceri.

Sabili da haka, nazarin tsarin na nuna cewa mai kyau yawan amfanin ƙasa da high quality berries na Memory of Vavilov yana inganta nau'o'in walwala irin su Turgenevka, wannan zamani.

A yanayi mai dacewa da yanayin yanayi, al'adun sun fara haifar da 'ya'ya. a cikin shekara ta hudu bayan dasa shuki da sapling.

Tree a kowace shekara ya yi farin ciki da wuri, kuma bisa ga lokacin 'ya'yan itace ripening, shi yana nufin farkon-matsakaici cherries. Ana shafe sau da yawa a sarari Yuli 15th da 25th.

Idan duk bukatun don dasa shuki, kula da injin da kare shi daga cututtuka da kwari masu karfi suna biyo baya, da ceri a Memory of Vavilov ya nuna yawan amfanin ƙasa. Musamman, a kowace shekara an cire wani itace mai ƙira daga itacen girma. yawan amfanin ƙasa na kilo 13-16, kuma wani lokaci a cikin kilo 20-22.

Wadannan irin su Rossoshanskaya baki, Tamaris, Minx, Chernokorka suna nuna yawan amfanin gona.

Cherry na wannan iri-iri samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kyakkyawan dandano Properties. Ana samarda samfurori da bambancin bayanin kula, tare da jin dadi.

Wannan nau'in nau'in halitta, masana da dama sun ba da maki fiye da 4 a kan ma'auni 5 akan kimanin tarin raga. Irin wannan fitarwa yana da muhimmancin gaske ga jama'a masu daraja a cikin sabon yankuna.

Maganin sinadarai na Vavilov's Memory iri-iri ya hada da wadannan kayan aikin sinadaran:

Cherry Memory Vavilova yana nuna matsakaicin matsanancin hunturu. A lokaci guda, itace na wannan al'ada da buds na furanni sune mafi tsayayya ga sanyi na tsakiya.

Game da amfani da kayan samfurori, Cherry Cherry Vavilov ceri iri iri yana daukan matsayi na duniya. A takaice dai, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna cinyewa da abinci da sabo da fasaha.

Duk da haka, sabo ne, da compote, jam, jam ko barasa suna da kyau ba don dandano ba. Har ila yau, sun ƙunshi babban adadi na magungunan macro da micronutrients, abubuwa masu laushi, bitamin - duk abin da ya zama dole don inganta lafiyar mutum.

Ƙananan cherries irin na hunturu suna hada da Tsarevna, Ashinskaya, Uralskaya Rubinovaya da Fairy.

Dasa da kulawa

Lokaci na saukowa dole ne ya fara shiriyar shiriinda itace zai yi girma ya kuma ba da albarkatu. Tabbatar da wuri mafi kyau ya dogara da yadda nasara da amfanin gonar Vavilov ta Memory Cherry zai kasance.

Da farko, kana buƙatar tabbatar da cewa itace (na farko, tsarin tushensa) shi ne isasshen sarari don ci gaban al'ada.

Tun da wannan iri-iri ne na amfanin gona mai girma, masana sun bayar da shawarar su raba wani sashi na 4x4 m don dasa shuki guda.

Ya kamata ya kasance mai kyau a lokaci guda lit da rana, wanda yake cikin wani wuri mai sanyi marar kyau na lambun (zai zama da kyau a yi bango kusa da kowane gini), inda kogin ruwa ba ya tashi har zuwa m 2 m zuwa ƙasa.

Ya kamata kuma a tuna cewa ceri ne mafi kyau a ci gaba a kan ƙasa mai laushi da yashi.

Cherry za a iya dasa su duka a spring da kaka. A shafin yanar gizon dasa itatuwa suna neman rami a zurfin 40-60 cm da diamita na akalla 60 cm. Ƙasa da aka fitar daga rami ya kamata a hade shi da hade da kwayoyi da kuma ma'adinai don cika tsarin tsarin seedling tare da shi.

Kafin dasa shuki zuba 2-3 buckets na ruwa kuma ta bar ta ta shirya kwanaki da yawa.

Don sapling ya dauki tushe da kyau kuma ya fara girma a wuri-wuri, ana bada shawara cewa an yi amfani da taki a cikin nau'in humus ko manure, superphosphate (35-40 g) da potassium chloride (20 g) a kasan rami.

Kayan fasaha na dasa shuki na wannan iri-iri yana kusa da fasaha na dasa shuki wasu albarkatun ceri. An ɗora itace a cikin rami a cikin asalinsu kuma, yana riƙe da shi a wannan matsayi, rami ya cika da cakudaccen shiri na ƙasa da taki.

Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan matsayi na sapling an dauke shi daidai ne, lokacin da, bayan shayarwa danshi, wuri na tushen miƙa mulki a cikin wani kara (tushen wuyansa) yakan sama da kasa ta 6-7 cm.

A ƙarshen cika tsarin, ka sanya wuri a kusa da gangar jikin seedling tare da kafar ko wasu hanyoyi. A cikin radius na 30-40 cm a kusa da gangar jikin ya zama nau'in earthensa'an nan kuma kafa ta wannan hanya 2-3 buckets na ruwa mai tsabta an zuba a kan rami.

Don kare ƙasa mai shayarwa daga rashin bushewa da fatattaka, ba a yaduwa ga ginin ciyawa daga sawdust ko humus.

Domin itace ya ci gaba da kyau, kana buƙatar ka kula da shi kullum. Kulawa mai kyau ya shafi irri na yau da kullum, tsinkayar ƙasa a ƙarƙashin itace, pruning rassan. Pruning na cherries ne da za'ayi a kowace shekara a farkon spring.

Dole ne a yi wannan kafin farkon fashewar budu (kusan a watan Afrilu). Idan an gyara ginin, an yanke shi a gindin tushe don haka bayan haka babu wani mahaifa a jikin bishiyar.

Cututtuka da kwari

Ma'aikatan gonar da ke cikin gonar da ake amfani da su na Memory of Vavilov, suna murna Kyakkyawan juriya na wannan jinsin zuwa coccomycosis. Duk da haka a cikin dangantaka Yawan al'adun Moniliosis yana nuna juriya mai tsakacewa ga ceri yana nufin hadarin kamuwa da wannan cuta.

A sakamakon yaduwa ga wakili na mai da hankali na moniliasis, naman gishiri na asilomycete monilia, rassan bishiyar ya fara bushe da sauri. Wannan yana haifar da raunana shuka da mutuwarsa.

An magance matsala ta hanyar hanyar aiki da masu amfani da itace. Akwai nau'o'in cherries wadanda suka fi dacewa da cututtuka irin su Lyubskaya, Vladimirskaya, da Novella.

Ana aiwatar da tsari a cikin matakai uku - kafin, lokacin da kuma a ƙarshen lokacin flowering. A lokaci guda, rassan rassan rassan suna yanke tare da kama wani bangare mai kyau na reshe ta kimanin 10 cm.

Amincewa da duk ka'idodin horar da nau'in Pamyat Vavilov yana ƙaruwa da samun damar samun kayan lambu masu kyau da kyau.