Bincikin gaisuwa daga China - plum iri dake Red Ball

Ba kamar apple da pear bishiyoyi da suka mamaye gonakinmu ba saboda yawancin ƙarni, plum, a cikin hanyar da muke sabawa ganin shi, ba shi da siffofin daji.

Kuma ya bayyana a cikin Yammacin Asiya saboda sakamakon wuce-tafiye ba tare da wata hanya ba, da kuma waƙar fata.

A tarihi, hanyarsa zuwa Rasha ta bi ka'idodin Hellenanci da na Roma don zama ɗakunan gida a cikin gidãjen Aljannar Rasha.

Alamar bayanin hoto ja ball

Bayanin bayanin irin plums "Red Ball". Dabbobi suna da mashahuri tare da lambu a kusa da Moscow kamar tebur (don dandano) da duniya (idan za a iya aiki) iri-iri. Wani amfani mai mahimmanci shine ƙananan tsawo, ba kamar layin gida ba, wanda ya kai mita 15 da tsawo, "mace na kasar Sin" a cikin girmanta ya dace sosai don girbi.

Bishiya yana tsiro har zuwa mita 2.5, yana da rabi da mita mita da rassan rassan, sun zama mai kambi, ba cikakke ba.

Krone a kowace shekara ke tsiro sababbin harbe da kuma twigs. Su ne wadanda suke daukar nauyin aikin fruiting. Don haka wannan tsari ba zai daina ba, har ya zuwa kashi 50-70 cm ne ake buƙata. Akwatin itace yana da launi mai launin launin ruwan, ciki har da rassan skeletal, mai tsabta, ba tare da gefe ba.

Sinanci tsarin tsarin plum - a kwance, a cikin ma'auni 40 na centimeter na kasar gona, amma yanki da suke zaune zasu iya kwatanta da tsinkayar kambiyar itace.

Wannan yanayin dole ne a ɗauka lokacin da aka dasa shuki a sapling. Akwai bishiya mai girma da zurfin asali, har zuwa mita 8.

Vegetative da generative buds An kafa tsire-tsire a kolchatka akan fure-tsalle. Sharuɗɗan fadin buds ba iri ɗaya ba: na farko akwai furanni, sa'an nan - ganyayyaki.
Furen manya, kamar kowane furanni mai fure, biyar na fata, fari ko ruwan hoda. Abinda ya bambanta shi ne cewa toho daya yana jefa furanni 3-4.

A lokacin flowering Itacen itace alama ce daga yawan furanni, amma hakan baya nufin cewa duk zasu kirkiro ovary kuma su bada 'ya'ya.

Girman furen Sinanci, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fada a wani lokaci mai sanyi da sanyi. Saboda haka, wasu furanni sun fadi a gaban rumfunan zabe, ɗayan kuma ya dogara ne da abubuwa da dama na tsarin magudi. Kayan "Red Ball" iri-iri masu yawa suna da matsayi a matsayin mai kyau, amma daga sharuddan masu aiki suna ganin cewa don tabbatar da girbi, ya bukaci taimakon karin pollinators.

Masu ba da ladabi ga dabbobi na kasar Sin ba za su iya zama lambun gida ba - kawai zumunta ne ta bayyanar.

Ɗaya daga cikin irin wadannan nau'o'in da ke dacewa da zabe shi ne Skoroplodnaya na kasar Sin.

Amma mafi shahararren pollinator - ceri plum. Dole ne ta kasance a filin jirgin sama mai zuwa tare da "Red Ball".

Flowering lokaci dabbar Sinanci ta wuce da sauri da cewa ba za a iya yin amfani da kayan ado ba a cikin tsabtace wuri. A furanni zo da za a maye gurbinsu ganye da aka elongated, cikakken kore a cikin wannan shuka, tattara a bouquets. Magungunan Median yana tsaye a musamman musamman, mai lankwasa dukkan leaf leaf. Girman takardun yana fitowa daga waje, da gefuna suna da magunguna.

'Ya'yan itacen cikakkiyar daidaituwa da sunan iri-iri: zagaye, babba (har zuwa 40gr), tare da taƙarar kwakwalwa mai tsinkaye. Fatar mai laushi mai launi mai launi mai launi tare da murfin baƙar fata. Fom din rawaya mai haske yana nuna friability da tsarin fibrous, cike da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai banƙyama, wanda yana da dandano mai dadi.

A cikin zuciyar tayin ne wani ɓangare mai tsantsa, ɓataccen abu, wanda aka haɗa da ɓangaren litattafan almara, wanda ya sa ya sauƙaƙa raba. Abubuwan ciki na kashi lokacin da aka saki cikin ciki, ƙarƙashin rinjayar enzymes iya saki hydrocyanic acid.

Hotuna

Za a iya fahimtar sakonnin "Red Ball" da hankali a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:

Halaye na iri-iri

Gwajiyar cin nasara 'ya'yan itatuwa sun kiyasta maki 4. Idan aka ba da furanni na furanni, wanda zai iya tunanin irin yadda 'ya'yan itatuwa masu rarrabawa suke tsayawa a kan rassan, wani lokaci yana ɓoye ganye.

Wannan yanayin na flowering yana taimakawa high yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa 18 kg daga itace).

Kwancen Sinanci sun yi furanni 12 days a baya fiye da plum. Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi yawa a farkon - ta watan Agusta: iri-iri ne na farko.

Lokacin da balaga haihuwa na itacen plum na wannan iri-iri shine shekaru 2-3 daga dasa.
Frost juriya ne high.
Transportability 'ya'yan itãcen marmari bada damar mai nisa kai.
A shuka shi ne resistant zuwa fungal cuta na al'adun dutse al'adu - klyasterosporiozu.

Babu shakka amfanonin Sinanci "Red ball":

1. M bayyanar da manyan, m 'ya'yan itãcen marmari na tushen.
2. Kyakkyawan amfanin ƙasa.
3. Shirye-shiryen haifuwa na farko na iri-iri - shekaru 2-3.
4. Fara farawa.
5. Good sanyi juriya na kodan.
6. Transportability.
7. Duniya ta amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa.
8. Ra'ayoyin da ake kiwon su.
9. Amincewa da cututtukan fungal.
10. Karamin kambi kamar saukakawa a girbi.

Muhimmanci rashin ƙarfi a gwaje-gwaje iri-iri ba a bayyana shi ba, amma:

1. Early flowering ya sanya a hadarin da samuwar ovaries.
2. Don amfanin gonar da ake tabbatarwa yana buƙatar karin pollinators.
3. Ƙunƙashin wuyan itace yana da halin da za a iya yin amfani da shi.

Matsaloli tare da tushe tushen tushe za a iya kauce masa ta hanyar dasa shuki seedling a cikin girbi girbi (50 cm high).

Tarihin kiwo

A wani ɓangaren nahiyar, kuma sakamakon sakamakon juyin halitta, mai haske da haske, kamar duk abin da ke cikin Sin, ya bayyana Sinanci plum. Babban amfani da zumunta na gabashin Asiya shi ne ikon da za a iya jure wa fari mai tsanani (har zuwa -45).

Tun lokacin da yake kusa da nesa, sunan na biyu shi ne Ussurian plum, launin 'ya'yan itace ja. Tsarin sanyi mai ban mamaki ya sa wannan tsari ya zama samfurin da ake so don sababbin iri.

Ƙara koyo game da wasu ƙananan abubuwa masu ban mamaki na Sinanci: Orel mafarki, Skoroplodnaya, Alyonushka.

Tare da Harshen Sinanci tun farkon karni na 19, mai kira Amurka daga California Luther Burbank ya gudanar da gwaje-gwajen saɓo. 38 daga cikin nau'o'in da suka danganci filayen Sinanci suna cikin jerin abubuwan duniya a matsayin mafi kyau. Masana na Gidan Botanical Nikitsky da HSTI na noma da kuma 'ya'yan itace, a gabashin Biryulyovo, Moscow, ya yi aiki tare da waɗannan matasan.

A cikin hanyar hayewa da plum "Burbank" da "Ussuri Red" ya fitar da wani sabon matasan, shawarar da Jihar Registre ta Tsakiya ta Tsakiya ta bayar - "Red Ball".

Kulawa da saukowa

A cikin kula da plum na Sin ba ya bambanta da gurbin gida.

Haka wajibi matrotechnical matakan:

• yancin wurin da yafi dacewa ga ci gaba (haske, kariya daga iska, farfadowa daga wasu tsire-tsire);
• hadi na kasar gona ta hanyar aikace-aikacen takin gargajiya;
• Yin biyayya da matakin ƙasa na acid a cikin kewayon pH 7.5;
• kau da weeds, wanda sau da yawa gida na daban-daban kwari;
• tsawantar da ƙasa a gaban kowane ban ruwa a cikin maƙallin kewayawa (don satura iska da kuma raunana yankuna masu kyau na yanayi);
• samuwa mafi yawa daga daban-daban na takin mai magani a cikin nauyin haɓaka na shuka;
• na kullum watering har tsakiyar lokacin rani, da kuma a cikin shekaru bushe - har sai kaka;
• kowane nau'i na pruning da ke inganta ci gaban shuka: sanitary, tsari, restorative, regulating, rejuvenating;
• girbi mai dacewa;
• shirya shuka don hunturu;
• kariya daga shuke-shuke daga rodents a cikin hunturu.

Aikace-aikacen 'ya'yan itatuwa

Kamar yadda Universal iri-iri "Red Ball" amfani da:

• a lura da rigakafin cututtuka daban-daban, kamar yadda ya ƙunshi antioxidants da phytonutrients;
• a cikin ilimin halittar jiki, saboda plum yana iya cire cututtukan cututtuka masu cutarwa;
• a cikin cosmetology, inda ake amfani da man fetur man fetur mai yawa;
• a cikin masana'antu (jam, jams, jellies, marmalade, candy fillings);
• a cikin samar da abin sha (juices, compotes, syrups, tinctures, liqueurs, wines).

Babban amfani da plums gida - ƙananan kalori ba kowane abu ga "mace China", wanda shine na biyu a cikin adadin kuzari kawai ga inabi.

Ƙaunar Sin ta ba juna kyauta kamar kwando, amma ba za su taba samun jimawa ba, har ma da irin wannan kyauta kamar "Red Ball". Abin sani kawai Sinanci sauti kalma "plum" a sauti kamar kalmar "rabuwa."