Gaskiya girman kai na lambu - Sinanci plum "Alenushka"

Harshen Sinanci sun bambanta da mazaunin gida a cikin bayyanar da dandano, duk da haka, basu samu cikakkiyar rarraba a cikin latitudes ba.

Sun bayyana a Rasha ba haka ba da dadewa, amma tare da amfani da sababbin sababbin abubuwa masu ban mamaki da kuma hybrids na plums an riga an samu.

Sinanci plum iri-iri Alenushka musamman musamman don bunkasa a cikin yanayin da ya dace da yanayin tsakiya na Rasha Federation.

Wannan iri-iri ya bayyana sosai kwanan nan kuma 'yan lambu sun san shi.

Bayani na plum Alyonushka

Farawa "Alenushka" bayanin:

1. Tree Alyonushka low, game da 2-2.5 m, tare da pyramidal, ba sosai lokacin farin ciki kambi. Ganye suna da karfi, madaidaiciya, m cikin launin, tare da kananan internodes, ba m. Buds conical, medium-sized, ba guga man don tserewa.

   Ganye suna dogon, kaifi, haske inuwa mai duhu, maras ban sha'awa. Tare da gefen takardar suna ƙananan hakora, an nuna tip da tushe. Harshen yana da tsawo, ba sosai lokacin farin ciki ba.

2. Flowers lush, babban, farin, da kyau sosai. Shuka guda 3 a cikin inflorescence, saboda haka ana kiran saurin Sin sau uku. A lokacin flowering harbe suna gaba daya rufe furanni.
3. Berries Wannan iri-iri yana da kyau sosai, babba, yana kimanin kimanin 40-50 grams, mai siffar zobe. Fata ne na bakin ciki, amma mai karfi, jan ko ruwan hoda mai launin launi, tare da sanannen waxy shafi.

   Jiki yana da haske mai haske, mai tsada sosai, mai tsananin gaske, tare da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi, mai dadi da m, dandano yana da karfi sosai a cikin peach.

   'Ya'yan suna cike da kyau a kan ɗan gajeren lokaci, lokacin farin ciki, kuma kada ku ƙyale lokacin overripe. Ƙashi yana da matsakaici-babba, ba rabu da ɓangaren litattafan almara ba.

Hotuna

Za a iya fahimtar sakonnin "Alenushka" a cikin hoto da ke ƙasa:

Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo

Alenushka an samu ta hanyar tsallaka matuka iri iri na farko na Sinanci mai suna Red ball tare da manyan matan kasar Sin. A shayarwa na Oryol zaɓi institute G. B. Zhdanov da A.F. Kolesnikov. An rarraba iri-iri a shekara ta 2001 a cikin dukkanin yankuna na tsakiya na Black Black na Rasha.

Halaye na iri-iri

Plum Alenushka wani wuri ne na farko na ganawar allon. Berries ne, yafi cinye sabo, amma sun kasance mai kyau a cikin compotes ko jams. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna jure wa harkokin sufuri, amma ba a adana su ba har tsawon lokaci.

Fruiting wannan iri-iri yana fara farkon, a shekaru 3 bayan da aka watsar. Alyonushka ya yi fure kafin a fara fara ganye, a farkon Mayu. Flowering sosai sosai da kyau, duk da haka, takaice. Yawan aiki ba shi da tsayi, amma barga ne a kowace shekara. Za a iya fara girbi a farkon watan Agusta.

Wannan plum iri-iri shi ne mai banzawa, saboda haka dole ne a samar da iri-iri iri daya kusa da juna. Ga Alyonushka, iri-iri na Skoroplodnaya zai kasance mafi kyau pollinator, amma duk wani nau'i na cherry plum ko na Sinanci tare da tsinkayen farko sun dace da wannan dalili.

Bincike abin da akwai wasu nau'o'in Sinanci: Orel mafarki, Skoroplodnaya, Xenia, Yellow Hopty.

Plum Alenushka, lokacin da girma a tsakiyar layi, musamman sanyi resistant. Zai iya yin tsayayya da gishiri mai tsananin gaske, har zuwa -37 har ma -40C, kuma ba zai iya jure wa ɗakin zafi da dusar ƙanƙara ba. A cikin irin wannan nauyin, sau da yawa yana da haushi a ƙananan ɓangaren ɓangaren, wanda ba kawai zai iya rage yawan amfanin ƙasa ba, har ma ya lalata itacen.

Sabili da haka, wannan nau'in ya fi dacewa yayi girma a kan masu samar da tsari, ko kuma zaɓin shuka wani wuri a kan tudu.

Dasa da kulawa

Lokacin mafi kyau saukowa Alyonushka shi ne kaka, kuma wuri yana bude, sama da rana, tare da matakan ƙasa, mafi kyawun tsaunuka. Ya kamata kasar gona ta kasance mai ban sha'awa, ba wai acidic ba salty, haske. Shirya shi kimanin wata daya kafin dasa.

Yankin da aka zaɓa yana da kyau dug up, cire duk weeds kuma, idan ya cancanta, lemun tsami.

Sa'an nan kuma shirya rami, kamar yadda Alenushka, da kuma nau'o'in pollinating guda 3-4, musamman bin bin abin da ake dasawa: 5 * 3 m.

Don Sinanci plum rami ya zama karami: zurfin 40-50 cm kuma daidai nisa. Sa'an nan kuma an kara 2 buckets na naman gwaninta, rabin guga na gari dolomite, wasu ash da 200 g kowane superphosphate da potassium sulphate, haɗe kome da kyau kuma sanya karamin ƙora daga saman Layer na ƙasa a tsakiyar rami. Ana sa sapling a hankali kuma an dasa su a tsabta, ƙasa mai kyau.

A lokaci guda, an rufe ka a cikin ƙasa ta 2-3 cm. Bayan dasa shuki, itacen yana da yalwaci (40-50 l) kuma an shayar da shi kuma ya ci rami. Don mafi yawan lafiyar seedlings, a watan farko bayan dasa shuki an shayar da shi sau da yawa, ba don barin ƙasa ta bushe ba. Sa'an nan kuma rage watering. Don rage haɗarin haushi haushi, domin hunturu, da tsintsiya na seedlings an daura tare da filayen fir.

A shekara mai zuwa, a cikin bazara, Alenushka fara ciyar da nitrogen da takin mai magani (urea ko ammonium nitrate). A lokaci guda aiwatar da farawa pruning. Kullin babban abu ya ragu ya ragu, kuma rassan gefen an yanke wasu ƙananan cm a kasa da samansa.

A lokacin rani kuma ciyar da ciyar, akalla sau 2. An yi amfani dashi don wannan bayani na takin mai magani phosphorus-potassium tare da adadin ƙananan itace ash. Bugu da ƙari, tabbatar da ciyawa a yau da kullum, sassauta da ruwa da ƙasa. A yanayin zafi da zafi, ruwa yana da yalwaci da kuma sau da yawa.

A lokacin bazara, dole ne a yi amfani da bishiyoyi tare da shirye-shirye na musamman don kariya daga cututtuka da kwari, kuma suna nazarin kambi a hankali kuma sun yanke dukkan rassan da ke fama da ciwo.

Cututtuka da kwari

Musanya Alyonushka Yana da isasshen resistant ga irin wannan cututtuka kamar yadda kleasterospiosis da moniliosis. Kusan sauran cututtuka masu cuta ba su taɓa cutarwa ba. Duk da haka, a kowace shekara yana shan wahala daga hare-hare masu yawa plum aphid.

Wannan ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mai ciwo mai hadarin gaske tana ciyarwa akan ganye da kuma harbe na plum. Zaka iya samun shi a gefen ƙasa na takardar. Abun da ya shafi ya fita da sauri sosai, yayi da bushe, kuma itacen ya zama mai rauni kuma yana daina girma.

Aphid hibernates a cikin haushi na manyan rassan, kusa da buds kuma an kunna a farkon flowering, a watan Mayu. Sabili da haka, yana da matukar muhimmanci a aiwatar da aiki na itace a gaba, kafin buds ya kara.

Da farko, cire duk tsohuwar haushi, busassun ganye da rassan, gudanar da shinge da kuma sassauta ƙasa a jikin akwati. Sa'an nan kuma a hankali yada itace tare da kowane kwari (misali, Iskra).

Zaka iya amfani da maganin magungunan gargajiya: maganin sabulu, jiko na dankalin turawa ko kuma taba tare da kara da lemun tsami. To taimako a cikin yaki da aphids albasa ko tafarnuwa decoction, jiko na pharmaceutical chamomile ko wormwood.

A cikin kaka, bayan ganye sun fita gaba ɗaya, zaka iya yin jigilar plum tare da bayani mai karfi na urea kuma tabbatar da yadu da mai tushe.

Kula da kamfanonin Sin ba abu ne mai girma ba. Idan a lokacin da za a aiwatar da dukkan matakan da ake bukata don kulawa da kariya ta shuka, to, za ka iya tabbatar da girbi mai kyau na ban sha'awa da kyau.

Musanya Alyonushka yana da babbar adadi dacewa:

• high sanyi juriya;
• kyakkyawar yawan amfanin ƙasa;
• kananan size da kuma kayan ado na itace;
• manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa;
• babban dandano da bayyanar berries;
• jure kleasterospioz da moniliosis.

Abubuwa marasa amfani:

• rashin jin kai;
• karfi shafi aphids.

Sinanci plum iri-iri Alenushka cikakke don girma a cikin rani gida rani. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi kyau iri don tsakiyar latitudes.

An samu nasarar girma a aikin gona, kuma tare da kulawa mai kyau, zai iya zama ainihin kayan ado na kowane lambun.