Cherries suna horar da mutum na dogon lokaci. A wannan lokacin, an sami kwarewar kwarewa ta yadda za a bunkasa wannan kyakkyawan 'ya'yan itace mai dadi.
Kasancewa da sha'awar masana kimiyya-shayarwa ta hanyar bunkasa al'adun gargajiya a cikin mutane sune irin wadannan abubuwan da suka dace don amfanin gona da abubuwan da suka ci abinci a cikin shekarun da dama.
Daya daga cikin wadannan iri ne Lubskaya ceri. A halin yanzu, ana girma da ita a cikin kasashen CIS da dama.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Abinda ke kusa da irin wannan nau'in nau'in ceri da tarihin aikin lambu a tsohuwar Soviet Union ya zama mai ganewa.
Gaskiyar ita ce, Lyubskaya dan tsofaffi, asalin Rasha ne, nau'in ceri.
Ya cinye shekaru da yawa da suka wuce saboda abin da ake kira zabar kasa.
Wato, babu ainihin bayanai akan shekara da kuma wurin asalin wannan ceri, kuma babu wani mawallafi wanda aka sani, sai dai marubuta masu yawa masu kula da lambu, wanda a hankali, a kowace shekara, ya inganta abubuwan da ke cikin wannan nau'i na yanayin damuwa na tsakiya na Rasha.
Bayanan kimiyya na farko na iri-iri a cikin karni na 1930 ya zama wani masanin kimiyyar kimiyya na Rasha, masanin kimiyyar aikin noma. Nikolai Ivanovich Kichunov (1863-1942).
Ya, musamman, ya nuna cewa Lyubskaya ya dade yana cinye shi a cikin lambu Lardin Kursk da kuma cewa a can an dauke wannan kyancin amfanin gona.
Daga bisani, hukumomi da masana kimiyya sun ba da hankali ga wannan nau'in, dandano da samfurori na samfurin. Bayan jerin jinsin karatu a shekarar 1947
Lyubskaya ya hade a cikin Rijistar USSR State Varietal.
A lokaci guda kuma, iri-iri sun zama tartsatsi a gonaki na gargajiya a yawancin sassan kasar Rasha, musamman a gonaki Central, Central Black Duniya, North-West, Middle Volga, Lower Volga da North Caucasus yankunan Rasha.
Lambu suna godiya da Lubskaya da iri iri iri na tsawon lokaci, high yawan amfanin ƙasa da kyau hunturu hardiness.
Lebedyanskaya, Shubinka da kuma masu karimci suna iya jure yanayin yanayin zafi sosai.
Harshen ceri Lyubskaya
Cherry Lyubskaya yana da wadannan halayyar nau'in sigogi:
Tree
Tsire-tsire na wannan jinsin yana da alamar ƙudan zuma. Ta gajere, matsakaici tsayi sosai da wuya an miƙa zuwa tsawo na fiye da mita 2.5. Kayan daji sun hada da Griot Moscow, Ashinskaya Stepnaya.
Lubska амбtambe yana rufe muryar launin launin toka mai launin launin ruwan kasa, wanda wanda sau da yawa zai iya lura da furci.
Krone, rassan. Awancin kambi mai mahimmanci ba'a bambanta da yawan karuwar. A siffar, yana kama da ball.
An tsara ta, a matsayin mai mulkin, wasu 'yan rassan da ke da ƙuƙwalwa, waɗanda ƙuƙwalwa suna da launin launi mai launin ruwan kasa tare da murfin azurfa.
Wannan iri-iri yana nuna bambancin rassan rassan matasa daga babban akwati a wani kusurwa na kimanin digiri 45.
Harbe. Tun da Lubskaya shukin shuka ne, shi ne a kan rassan shekara da aka kafa 'ya'yan itatuwa. Ƙunƙasa, tasowa a kan titin, tare da karamin mazugi a tip, buds suna ɓacewa daga matakai.
Bar. Su ne ƙananan tsari da launin kore mai duhu, ba tare da wani haske ba.
A matsakaici, wani ɓangaren matasan, wanda yake nuna siffar ƙananan tudu (elongated kwai) da kuma zane-zane, yana da girman 87 x 50 mm.
Yankunan gefen takarda suna jagged. A tushe na takardar, ƙananan streaks na launin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa suna bambanta.
Inflorescences A diamita na inflorescence daga 30 zuwa 34 mm. Kullun yana dauke da furanni 3-4 da diamita na 3-3.5 mm tare da furotin-concave petals, farfajiyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin suna ragu.
A furanni suna sa a kan rassan ta hanyar pedicels 25-30 mm tsawo. A flowering zamani daukan 7-9 days.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
Ɗaya daga cikin talakawan ceri iri dake Lyubskaya yayi kimanin 4 grams, amma akwai kuma manyan samfurori masu yawa. A 'ya'yan itatuwa suna mayar da hankali a goge na 2-4 berries, amma guda berries ba sababbin ba. Babban berries nuna da Volochaevka, Lighthouse da Podbelskaya.
Babban launi na cikakke 'ya'yan itace mai duhu ne,' ya'yan itacen an rufe shi da bakin ciki, m fata. Yawancin lokaci 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da nau'i mai nau'i. Jiki yana da kyau sosai, mai tsananin gaske, zai iya zama duhu ja da haske ja.
A cikin ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da kasusuwa mai mahimmanci, wanda kusan kashi 6-8 cikin 100 na yawan jimlar tayin. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari (duka matasa da balagagge) ana kiyaye su a kan rassan tare da taimakon tushe, kai tsawon tsawon 3 cm.
Gaba, zaku ga a cikin hoton yadda Lubskaya ya kebe iri-iri ya dubi kuma ya karanta bayaninsa.
Hotuna
Halaye na iri-iri
Wannan iri-iri ne al'ada 'ya'yan itace mai ban sha'awa. Wannan na nufin Lubskaya cherry an hadu da kansa pollen kuma baya bukatar karin pollinators. Iyakar iri ɗaya, a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Enikeeva da Volochaevka kuma suna da karuwar haihuwa.
Dangane da wannan kayan shuka, mai kula da gonar bazai jin tsoron yanayi mai canji a lokacin lokacin flowering, lokacin da, saboda ragowar da ba za a yi ba, ƙudan zuma suna zama a cikin asirinsu kuma basu shiga cikin gurbatawa.
Wani lambu wanda ke tsiro wannan itacen a cikin yanayin Rasha mai sanyi ba zai iya kasancewa da tsinkayen ruwan sanyi ba don wani dalili.
Lyubskaya yana shuka tsakiyar Bloom, sabili da haka tsokarwar da ta wanzu har sai bazara ba zai tasiri sosai akan ingancin ovary ba.
Saboda haka, wadanda suke noma wannan kaya, ba su kasance ba tare da amfanin gona ba, ko da kuwa idan yanayi na yanayi ba zai bari girbi daga farkon itatuwan furanni ba.
A lokaci guda, wannan ceri ne skoroplodnaya. 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna ripening by karshen Yuli - farkon Agusta.Alamar ta daya ce Ashinskaya Stepnaya.
A lokaci guda kuma, idan duk irin abubuwan da ake bukata na aikin gona na dacewa da tsirrai, ana iya ba da ita a wani kakar fiye da 35 kg na high quality berries. Kuma yana fara farawa cikakke daga shekaru 2-3 shekaru bayan saukowa.
A halin yanzu, ɗayan kyakkyawan halayen - ikon samar da ƙananan ƙwayoyi - yana ƙunshe da wani, amma tare da alamar musa.
Saboda cikewar bishiyar, dakarun da aka rushe a kan girbi mai ban sha'awa, Lubskaya cherry ba shi da matukar damuwa.
Irin wannan irin amfanin da ake nunawa irin su Ural Rubinovaya, Nadezhda, Mayak da Tamaris sun nuna.
Bayarwa akan wannan alamar zuwa wasu iri dabam dabam, itace na wannan jinsin a kan matsakaicin rayuwa game da shekaru 14-17, kuma sharaɗɗan sharaɗi na musamman zai iya ba da ransa zuwa shekaru 25-30.
Yana da wani kuskure, wanda ya kamata ya kula da hankali sosai. Kodayake Lubskaya ya bambanta mai kyau sanyi juriya, "rashin ƙarfi" a cikin hunturu shi ne kullun itace.
Wadannan iri kamar Lebedyanskaya, Volochaevka, da Chokoladnitsa ba su da mummunar mummunan yanayi.
Wannan yafi dacewa da kananan bishiyoyi, mummunan sanyi na haushi wanda ya riga ya faru a farkon shekarun rayuwa zai iya haifar da konewa mai tsanani har ma da mutuwar kowa.
Game da irin kayan da ake ciki na wannan ceri, ra'ayoyin masana a nan suna rarrabewa. Wadansu sunyi la'akari da dandano mai dadi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace don su zama masu dadi sosai, suna shakatawa, wasu suna kiran shi sosai mediocre.
Zai yiwu shi ne daidai saboda wannan duality cewa girbi na Lyubskaya ne mafi yawa don sarrafawa - domin samar da juices daban-daban, ƙira, jams, tsarkewa.
Duk da haka, dole ne a yarda da cewa irin wannan nau'in irin wannan nau'in, kamar 'ya'yan itatuwa na wasu nau'o'in, suna da amfani sosai saboda muhimmancin bitamin a cikin su da kuma ma'auni mai kyau na sugars da kwayoyin acid.
A cikin yanayin tsakiya na Rasha, abun da ke tattare da sunadarai sune kamar haka:
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 9,5% |
| Kyauta kyauta | 1,6% |
| Dry matter | 14,6% |
| Ascorbic acid | 20 MG da 100 g |
Dasa da kulawa
Yawancin lokaci a cikin gidaje za ku iya saya seedlings a shekara daya. Ƙananan dabbobi suna sauka a farkon lokacin bazara a wani wuri mai bude, wanda hasken rana ke hasken rana.
Wajibi ne a sauke shafin yanar gizo yashi, yashi ko loamy ƙasa.
Yana da mahimmanci cewa ruwan karkashin kasa bata kusa da ƙasa a wannan wuri, wanda zai iya lalata tushen tsarin.
A lokacin da ake saro da shukawa ya zama dole don yanke tip. Bayan na farko pruning a kan tushen ya kamata ya kasance ba fiye da rabin mita ba.
Irin wannan samfurin zai haifar da ci gaban itacen, ba sama ba, amma a nisa.
Irin wannan tsari na kambi yana da amfani ga dalilai daban-daban, ciki harda yana da dace da girbi mai sauri da dacewa.
Yawancin lokaci don dasa shuki ceri seedlings tono sama rami 50-60 cm a diamita da kuma 40-60 cm zurfi.
Ƙasa ta samo asali ta hanyar digging, gauraye da kwayoyi da ma'adinai. Ana amfani da ruwan magani a cikin adadin tushen bishiyar.
Bayan an shigar da iri a cikin rami, kuma tushensa ya rufe ƙasa, yankin da ke kusa da gangar jikin mutumin da aka shuka tare da radius na 30-40 cm an ɗauka a hankali tare da ƙafa ko hanyar ingantaccen abu.
Landing wuri shayar da burodi 2-3 na rabuwa. Plot kadan sagging ƙasa mulch sawdust da humus, a Layer wanda ya zama 2-3 cm.
Ya kamata a lura cewa iri-iri Lyubskaya sosai picky game da ingancin ƙasa. Duk tsawon shekaru na rayuwa na itace ya kamata ya ba shi abinci mai gina jiki.
Musamman kyau wannan iri-iri reacts to kayan ma'adinai a cikin bazara. Ana buƙatar yin amfani da itace kullum.
Har ila yau wajibi ne a lura da yanayin kambinsa kullum. Duk da cewa cewa kambin Lubskoy ya fi sau da yawa sosai, Kada ka bari izinin rassan bushe da rassan bishiyoyi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Lyubskaya, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na wannan al'ada, na kowa a tsakiya na Rasha, a lokacin hunturu za'a iya nunawa ga haɗari na marasa lafiya.
Daga cikin cututtuka da cewa bishiyoyin bishiyoyi sukan sabawa, mafi haɗari ga Lubskaya fungal cuta coccomycosis.
Cin da tsire-tsire, wakiliyar wannan cuta - da naman gwari Sossomuse s hiemalis - ya nuna kanta a kan launi a kan ganyayyaki da kuma yawan fashewar da aka yi da wuri.
Ba tare da irin wannan muhimmin abu na al'ada ta al'ada ba, kamar yadda ganye yake, tsire-tsire yana raunana kuma bayan dan lokaci zai mutu idan ba ku fara magani ba.
Ya ƙunshi rassan rassan bishiyoyi.
Jiyya da wannan abu shine sau uku a kakar: a karo na farko - a tsakar rana, lokacin na biyu - a lokacin flowering, na uku - makonni biyu ko uku bayan flowering.
Akwai irin cherries, musamman ma resistant ga cututtuka na fungal. Irin su Novella, A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Vavilov, Tsarevna, Podbelskaya, alal misali.
Saboda haka, kafin zuwan teburin ko zuwa ga kwanon rufi don yin matsawa, ceri dole ne ta wuce ta hannun hannun lambu. Wadannan hannayensu, da kuma sanin ilimin aikin injiniya da kwarewa sun tabbatar da kyakkyawan sakamako.
