Sau da yawa sau da yawa, dasa shuki tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, kuna fatan za su yi fure da kuma faranta idanu. Amma wani lokacin yana faruwa cewa shuka yana fara cutar. A wannan yanayin, ba za ku ga kowane furanni mai haske ba ko ganye mai haske.
An tsara wannan batu don taimakawa magungunan ku, wanda ya shafi "cutar". Za mu bincika dalilin da yasa ilimin kimiyya ke tsiro da talauci, abin da za a yi idan itace ya kamu da kwayar cutar, yadda za a kare daji daga sanyi da yawa.
Shin kuna sani? Clematis an rajista ne a kamfanin Royal Horticultural Society, wadda take a London.
Dama da kyau da kuma kula da ƙasa
Tun lokacin clematis (clematis) yana da bukatar haske, mai ƙarancin zafi, yana son m da takin ƙasa, rashin kula da su zai iya haifar da mummunan yanayin shuka ko mutuwarsa.
Bari mu fara da watering. Bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a shayar da shuka a kowane mako a cikin isasshen yawa. Idan yanayi yana da zafi da bushe, ana gudanar da shi a kowace kwanaki 5. Bayan an daidaitawa, ana shayar da shuka kowace rana 8-9. Lokacin da ƙasa a zurfin 20 cm kusa da clematis bushe - kana buƙatar ruwa da shuka.
Don furen tsire-tsire mai zurfi, dole ne a tsaftace ƙasa zuwa zurfin tushen (60 cm). Wannan, na farko, yana nufin bushes akan shekaru 5. Hakanan zaka iya yin haka: a cikin diamita 30 cm daga daji, ka shigar da kwantena da rami a kasa; bayan misali watering cika su da ruwa. Saboda haka, ruwan zai sauko cikin ƙasa kuma ya isa zurfin da ake bukata.
Yana da muhimmanci! A mazan da shuka, da muni zai Bloom. Tun a kowace shekara, asalinsu sun fi shiga cikin ƙasa, kusan kusan ba zai yiwu a shayar da ƙasa a zurfin fiye da 80 cm ba.
Mun juya ga kulawa da kyau na kasar gona. Bayan kowace watering, wajibi ne don sassauta ƙasa don kada a rufe ta da ɓawon burodi. Tun da shuka yana buƙatar ƙasa mai laushi da lalata, ƙaddara zai zama kyakkyawan zaɓi. Don amfani da mulching ana amfani da humus tare da peat. Wannan ciyawa yana aiki da yawa a lokaci daya: yana kiyaye ƙasa mai tsabta, ƙin ƙasa, kare tushen daga daskarewa, kuma yana samar da tsari ga kwayoyin amfani (earthworms).
Me ya sa clematis ba ya girma? Watakila saboda, baya ga aikin injiniya na ƙasa, yana da muhimmanci a yi amfani da taki. Clematis yana ciyar da albarkatun mai yawa a kan flowering kuma kafin sanyi ya saukad da dukkanin tsibiran vegetative. Idan ba ku ciyar da shuka sau 2 a wata, to zai fara lalata sosai da sauri. Kuna buƙatar yin kimanin lita 10 na na gina jiki ta shuka mai girma (ko 2 kananan).
Yana da muhimmanci! Cikakken ƙananan samfurin ƙwayoyi 2-3 a kowace kakar (watanni 3).
Yi la'akari da rashin muhimman abubuwa, da kuma yadda aka nuna a kan shuka.
1. Rashin nitrogen. Lokacin da clematis ba shi da wannan rabi, ganye sunyi launin rawaya kuma sun zama m, furanni sun juya ƙananan da kuma ganowa. Nitrogen ya fi dacewa a cikin tsire-tsire. Don fertilizing amfani da ammonium nitrate (15 g da lita 10 na ruwa) da slurry (1 part da lita 10 na ruwa).
2. Rashin phosphorus. Tare da rashin launin phosphorus ya zama launin ruwan kasa tare da tinge mai launi. Ku zo wannan abu a watan Satumba. Don yin amfani da farfadowa mafi girma (20 g da 10 na ruwa) ko kashi ci (yayyafa ƙasa tare da lissafin 200 g da 1 sq. M.).
3. Rashin potassium. Yana haifar da darkening da blackening na peduncle da pedicle, gefuna da ganye zama haske launin ruwan kasa. Ana iya warkar da wannan ta hanyar ƙara takin gargajiya: potassium nitrate (amfani da spring) ko potassium sulfate (a ƙarshen lokacin rani) a cikin wani rabo na 25 g da lita 10 na ruwa.
An yi pruning daidai
Wannan sashe zai taimake ka ka fahimci dalilin da yasa ka'idodin ke tsiro da talauci. Tun lokacin da wannan tsire ta girgiza kusan dukkanin wuraren taro na hunturu, a cikin bazara, yana bukatar samun shi sosai da sauri. A wannan yanayin, kowane ƙaramin reshe ko harbi na iya rinjayar ba kawai yawan furanni da girmansu ba, amma har ma daji zai yi fure a kowane lokaci.
Yanke pruning ya rage nauyin a kan tsirrai herbaceous a cikin bazara kuma ya sauke daji daga matattun da rassan da suka shafe. Bayan shekara ta farko na girma kakar, duk bushes na bukatar karfi pruning. Ta haka ne ka sa da girma da sabon ƙananan harbe.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan a cikin shekara ta biyu na ciyayi, clematis ba ya ci gaba sosai, to, a cikin rassan sukan sake maimaita "babban birnin".
A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ana yin pruning dangane da rukuni na tsire-tsire:
- Early flowering. Bayan furanni, an harbe toho, rashin lafiya da rauni.
- Early lokacin rani blooming. Wannan rukunin ya hada da matasan clematis da sake sake yin su a watan Agusta / Satumba. Pruning ne da za'ayi a cikin marigayi kaka (yanke lafiya, bushe harbe). Har ila yau, ciyar da kashe pruning a bara ta harbe by 2 mm.
- Late flowering Clematis cewa Bloom a lokacin rani da kaka. A wannan yanayin, ana yin fashi mai karfi (barin 20 cm daga ƙasa). Flowers na gaba shekara za su bayyana a kan sabon harbe.
Yana da muhimmanci a bi tafarkin pruning, don haka kada ku lalata shuka: kuna buƙatar yanka katako tare da murfi mai kai tsaye sama da toho.
Yana da muhimmanci! Bayan pruning kowane daji yana buƙatar magungunan disinfection.
Shin kariyar kariya ta dogara ne?
Yadda za a kare shuka daga sanyi da hypothermia? Yawancin lambu suna da matsala wajen ɓoye wannan shuka. Clematis iya daskare da kuma mutu, ko zai Bloom mummunan.
Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don rufe gaskiyar ga hunturu:
- bushe;
- iska;
- hade.
Yanayin yanayin iska. Harbe don hunturu ana rufe shi da fim (saita firam da kuma shimfiɗa fim). Idan hunturu ba ta da dusar ƙanƙara da kuma dumi, inji zai iya saurara kawai.
Hanyar hade. Na farko, yayyafa da sawdust, sa'an nan kuma gina frame a kan shuka da kuma shimfiɗa fim. Wannan hanya zai kasance mafi kyau duka, tun lokacin da tushen za a kare shi daga sanyi, kuma fim ba zai yi hasara ba.
Clematis Pest Control
Ba a kiyaye shuka daga kwari da cewa a cikin kakar daya zai iya halakar dajiyarka kawai. Ka yi la'akari da kwari mai hatsarin gaske na clematis.
Nematodes
Su ne tsutsotsi tsutsotsi (har zuwa 1 mm), wanda ke nunawa akan ganye, asalinsu da harbe. Nematodes suna jinkirta cigaba da ci gaba da mahimmanci, kuma tare da mamayewa zai iya mutuwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Mafi haɗari ga shuka shi ne tushen gall nematode.
Ba shi yiwuwa a kawar da kwayoyin halitta, sabili da haka tsire-tsire yana cikin lalacewa, kuma ƙasa ƙasa ce ta disinfection (tare da zafi mai zafi 14 hours).
Gizo-gizo mite
Wannan tsire-tsire na kwari a ƙarƙashin ganyayyaki da a cikin ƙananan ƙasa. Mite yana shafan jikin bishiyoyi, wanda zai fara juyawa da fada. Don magance amfani da jiko na tafarnuwa (200 crushed albasa da lita 10 na ruwa).
Gwoza aphid
Wannan abinci mai kyau a kan tsire-tsire, yana rayuwa a kan ganye da kuma sprouts. Don kawar da shi, ana amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Antitlin" ko na itace na yau da kullum, wanda yake buƙatar bi da wuraren da aka shafa a cikin shuka.
Shchitovka
Kamar aphids, suna ciyar da tsire-tsire. Don halakar lalacewar, amfani da kwayar barazanar 40%, wadda aka wanke a kowane kwanaki 10. Sauran karin kwari (slugs da rodents) an hallaka su ta hanyar maganin magunguna ko na inji.
Babban nau'in cututtuka na clematis
Clematis yana da siffa guda ɗaya - tsarin da aka gina sosai, wanda ke zurfi cikin ƙasa. Mafi sau da yawa saboda wannan, wadannan tsire-tsire suna iya mutuwa daga cututtuka daban-daban. A cikin wannan sashe, zamu dubi wasu daga cikin cututtuka na wannan shuka, gano dalilin da yasa ka'idodin ba zai shuɗe ba, da yadda za a magance matsalar.
Shin kuna sani? Ana amfani da Clematis a magani a matsayin maganin magance matsalolin da kuma kwantar da hankali.
Rashin Leaf
Cikakken Clematis shine bayyanar takalma na orange a kan harbe, petioles da ganye. Haka kuma cutar tana nuna kanta a cikin bazara. Lokacin da cutar ta yadawa, ganyayyakin shuka sun bushe da harbe kuma sun zama karkatacciya.
Kwayar wannan cutar ita ce naman gwari da ke overwinters a kan harbe kuma infects da girma harbe a cikin bazara. Idan ganye da harbe da aka rushe ta tsatsa ba a cire a lokaci ba, clematis zai ci gaba da talauci kuma zai mutu. Rust a kan ganye ya raunana shuka kuma adversely rinjayar da wintering.
Don rigakafi, muna ba da shawarar ka cire weeds, wanda pathogen ya fi sau da yawa. Idan ba zai yiwu ya kare shuka daga tsatsa ba, to, a farkon alamomi ya kamata ya cire labaran lalace da kuma harbe, sa'an nan kuma zub da jini tare da ruwa Bordeaux.
Sakamakon launi
Septoria (ko ganyayyaki) ita ce cutar ta kowa tsakanin tsire-tsire. Shin, ba kewaye wannan "cuta" da kuma clematis. Maganin mai cutar da wannan cututtuka shine naman gwari Septor.
Wannan cututtuka yana nuna cewa wasu ƙananan ƙananan launin launin ruwan kasa suna nunawa a kan rassan bishiyoyi. Girman waɗannan spots - 2-5 mm. Tare da gefuna suna baƙar fata. Bayan kadan daga baya, yankin da ya shafa ya yi haske, amma baƙar fata ya kasance. Idan dige baki ya bayyana a wuri mai haske, ya kamata ka sani - waɗannan su ne jikin jikin naman gwari Septor tare da ganga. Wadannan rikice-rikice sun yada cikin kogin. Tushen da ya shafa ya juya launin rawaya, ya mutu, ya fadi.
Tsire-tsire ya kasance ba tare da ganye, saboda sakamakon abin da ake gudanarwa na jiki sunyi damuwa.. Cibiyar da aka shuka ba ta yi girma ba, an hana rigakafi kuma mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka.
Idan naman gwari yayi yaduwa, toforan suna fitowa a kan dabbobin ganyayyaki da kuma kan sababbin harbe, yarinya ya mutu ya mutu, kuma tip ya bushe. Ƙwayoyin 'ya'yan itace masu launin naman gwari sun shiga cikin hunturu kuma suna tsira cikin hunturu daidai akan ganye da kuma haushi. Rarraba wannan cuta yana taimakawa ga yanayin sanyi da tsabta.
Don kaucewa kamuwa da cuta tare da naman gwari (Septoriozom), kana buƙatar tattarawa da kuma kwance ganyayyun ganye, sa'an nan kuma aiwatar da cututtuka tare da farar lambu. Idan clematis ke tsiro a cikin greenhouses, to, yana da muhimmanci don rage zafi na iska da kuma ƙara da radradiation na shuke-shuke tare da hasken rana.
Mealy dew
Wannan cuta ne ta lalacewa ta hanyar phytopathogenic erizif fungi.
Na farko alama ta powdery mildew ne farin blotch a kan clematis. Young ganye, buds, furanni da kuma harbe suna shafi. Har ila yau, plaque zai kasance a kan mai tushe da ganyen shuka.
Bayan yakin, launin ruwan kasa na fari ya bayyana, ganye da harbe sun bushe da deform. Clematis yana fama da wannan cuta sau da yawa a Yuli Agusta. Yana inganta yaduwar yanayin naman gwari. Idan clematis ya yi rashin lafiya tare da powdery mildew, duk sassa na shrub ya kamata a yanke da kuma zubar da wuri-wuri.
Yana da muhimmanci! Ba za ku iya barin kamuwa da rassa a shafin ba, in ba haka ba cutar za ta dawo ba.
Fusarium
Mawuyacin hatsari na duk waɗanda aka lissafa shi ne fusarium.
Clematis yana shan wahala daga fungal wilt, wanda ake kira fusarium. Wannan cuta ta shiga cikin lalace kuma ya raunana kyallen takarda. Naman kaza yana tattar da "tasoshin" tasiri, kuma matsala ta abubuwa masu amfani suna damuwa. Za a lura da Fusarium a cikin nau'in shuke-shuke da manyan furanni. A karkashin barazana da tsire-tsire. Naman kaza ya girma a cikin harbe da aka lalace a tushe. A raunuka wither, da ganye juya launin ruwan kasa a gefuna. Babban zafin jiki + 20 + + 30 ° C yana taimakawa ga wannan. Alamun wannan cuta ya bayyana a karo na biyu na Yuni.
Don rigakafi ya kamata a zabi wuraren da ya dace. A naman gwari yana tasowa a kan furanni da ke girma a cikin yankuna masu tsada.
Matakan magance wannan cuta:
- dauka duk harbe a tushe na daji;
- tattara duk ganye da aka fadi da kuma zubar da shafin;
- sanitize da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Rawyi na gyada a kan ganye
Wannan cuta tana rinjayar furanni a lokacin ruwa. Bayan lokaci, launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a jikin ganye, da kuma launin fatar mai launin toka.
Wannan cututtukan da aka lalacewa ta hanyar da ake kira naman gwari dabarun. Babban alama na wannan cuta - bayyanar wani hari a kan tushe da kuma stalks stalks. Idan naman gwari yayi amfani da shuka, to sai ya fara lalacewa, sannan ya mutu gaba daya.
Don kare furanninku daga naman gwari, ya kamata ku guje wa ruwa mai tsabta a ƙasa da kuma a kan ganyayyaki.
Abin takaici, babu magani wanda zai dace don cutar. Idan gwanin launin toka ya yada zuwa shuka, to, za a lalata daji don kada naman gwari ya yada.
Don hana cutar daga kamuwa da clematis, kana buƙatar takin shuka tare da taki nitrogen, ya kamata a shayar kusa da tushen daji. Fuga da shrub tare da 0.2% bayani na basezol.
Saboda haka, idan kun magance kwari a kan lokaci, ku kwashe a daidai lokacin kuma ku yi amfani da taki a cikin ƙasa, inji zai ji dadi, don Allah ku da furanni masu ban sha'awa da ganye masu kyau.
