Wannan tsire-tsire yana dauke da sunan Allah Mai Girma daga tsohuwar Slavic arna. Mai yiwuwa wannan shi ne haraji ga marubucin pear lu'u-lu'u na tsohuwar tarihin Slavic.
Amma a kowane hali, sunan amfanin gona, wanda za'a tattauna, yana da matukar damuwa da tsananin yankin da aka girma. Kuma wannan yanki ne Siberia, kuma wannan ya faɗi duka.
Yana cikin yanayi mai wuya da rashin daidaituwa (akalla dangane da pears mai zafi, ta ma'ana) sa "Perun" Yana nuna kanta da kyau kuma yana da kyau, kara a cikin labarin labarin agrotechnics, hotuna na 'ya'yan itatuwa da masu dubawa na lambu.
Wani irin pears yana nufin?
Wannan 'ya'yan itace ne pear. marigayi kaka. Tsayar da 'ya'yan itatuwa daga tsakiyar Oktoba. Tsarin girbi na karshe na 'ya'yan itace ya ci gaba na dan lokaci kuma ya ƙare tare da farkon farkon sanyi.
A lokacin da adana a cikin refrigeration jam'iyya pear iri "Perun" kada ku rasa abubuwan waje da dandana har sai Janairu.
A nan dole ne muyi tuna cewa tsinkayen kaka na kaka a kan bishiya yana da damuwa da gaskiyar cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa sun rasa halayen su. Mutane da yawa da suka ji dadin lambu cire su don kwanaki 8-10 kafin matatar karshe. Bayan sun kwanta bayan da aka cire su kwanaki da yawa, sai suka zama mafi banƙyama fiye da pears da suka sauko kan itacen.
Bere Bosk, Uralochka, Silent Don, Svetlyanka da Samara kyakkyawa ma sun kasance cikin nau'o'in kaka.
Akwai kuma daya, "inji", dalilin da ya sa ya kamata a cire wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa cikakke da yawa kafin kwanakin ƙarshe.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, bayan ƙarshen sake zagayowar rassan, pears na Perun ya zama nauyi a nauyi. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da iska sosai sauƙi crumble, ba tare da buga kirki mai kyau ba.
A lokaci guda, wannan al'adar pear tana da nasaba da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. Dangane da wannan rukuni yana nuna cewa itace ba zai iya yin nazari kan kansa ba.
Domin tabbatar da mutanen "Perun" haɗakarwa da kuma karɓa mai kyau, kusa da shi wajibi ne a dasa shuki guda biyu ko uku perar pollinators, a cikin lokaci guda. Za su samar da itace tare da ƙarin giciye.
Tarihin kiwo da yankunan kiwo
Pear iri iri ne Perred aka bred a cikin gwaji na gwaje-gwaje na Cibiyar Nazarin Cibiyar Nazarin Kasuwanci ta {asar Rasha a Siberia. M.A. Lisavenko (Barnaul) ƙungiyar shayarwa a cikin I. Puchkin (shugaban kungiyar), E. Karataeva, I. Kalinina, M. Borisenko.
Lokacin ƙirƙirar wani sabon abu, ana amfani da pear na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'in No. 10821 (ma'aurata biyu ne "Jariri" da "Bergamot"), wanda aka ketare tare da sa "Winter Deanka".
Wannan amfanin gona yana cikin ƙungiyar iri iri da ake kira Altai zaɓi. Tare da Perun, wannan jerin sun hada da Svarog, Lel, Kupava da wasu nau'in pears, wanda aka bunkasa musamman domin yanayin hawan yanayin Siberian.
A sakamakon haka, pear da aka kwatanta ya juya ya zama mafi sanyi ga sanyi fiye da iri don yankunan tsakiya na Rasha, kuma babu mafi muni fiye da ingancin samfurori da aka tattara.
A hanyar, Slavic sunaye masu ban mamaki da yawa daga cikinsu basu da dangantaka da tsohuwar kwayoyin wadannan tsire-tsire. A wannan lokacin, shugaban masu yawan mawallafa suna da sha'awar tarihin addinan Slavs, sabili da haka tsinkayen girmamawa na Puchkin zuwa tarihin Rasha, tsohuwar tatsuniya da tarihinsa sun canjawa zuwa ga pears da suka kirkiro.
Ya kamata a lura da cewa ƙoƙari na yankuna daban-daban a arewacin Siberian (musamman, a cikin Novosibirsk, Tomsk da Kemerovo yankunan) ba a yi nasara ba.
Dangane da siffofin tsarin rassan, bayanin bayanan da hoto wanda daga bisani ya kasance a cikin labarin, nau'in nau'in nau'in pear Perun ba shi yiwuwa ya iya haifar da 'ya'ya a cikin yankuna masu zafi.
Frost-resistant iri ne Forest Beauty, Chudesnitsa, Yakovlevskaya, Otradnenskaya da Fairy Tale.
Bayani na iri iri na Perun
Da iri-iri suna da ƙananan bayyane da siffofin tsarin:
Tree Tsarin kamfani - matsakaici, a wasu lokuta da yanayin da ya dace musamman da ci gaba na iya zama sama da matsakaici. An rufe gangar jikin da haushi mai duhu.
Crown, rassan. An rarrabe itacen "Perun" ta hanyar kambi mai laushi, wanda yana da siffar waje, kusa da wani abu mai launi. Array na rassan ba sosai mai yawa, thickening kiyasta a matsakaici.
Harbe. Yi kwakwalwa mai zurfi. A m launi na harbe ne brownish launin toka. Tsarin bishiyoyi an daura su ne a kan mahadodin sauki guda daya.
Bar. A cikin ƙananan ganyayyaki, a matsayin mai mulkin, wani nau'in silhouette mai launin fure mai girma. Filatin takarda mai mahimmanci yana da ƙananan rashin ƙarfi. Gilashin farantin yana santsi don taɓawa. Dama da kuma kusan gefuna gefen ganye suna kusan ba tare da wani jigilar ba. Ana fitar da ganyayyaki a cikin duhu inuwa.
Inflorescences Flowering pear "Perun" ya fara ne a kwanan wata mai kyau kwanan wata.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari. A cikin amfanin gona wanda aka karɓa daga itacen girma, 'ya'yan itatuwan matsakaici da matsakaici sun fi rinjaye (a cikin shekaru masu mahimmanci). A lokaci guda kuma, yawancin pear daga irin wannan itace yayi nauyi tsakanin 140-170 g, ko da yake akwai wasu 'ya'yan itatuwa masu daraja.
Wani abu mai ban mamaki na wannan nau'in, wanda ya bayyana a fili, ita ce irin nauyin da ba'a yi ba, wanda yawancin abu ne wanda aka nuna shi a wani lokaci.
Ba sosai mai yawa, fari, dan kadan mai laushi, tare da hatsi mai kyau, ɓangaren litattafan almara yana da ƙanshi mai ƙanshi.
Jiki, wanda yanayin rashin ruwan 'ya'yan itace yake da shi, an rufe shi da wani m, dan kadan, mai launin fata.
Launi na 'ya'yan itace kafin cire shi daga itace itace kore, bayan dajin fata ya samo launi na launin ruwan rawaya.
A fata a cikin ƙididdiga masu yawa suna da alaƙa a fili. A cikin 'ya'yan itace a kananan ƙananan ɗakuna na nau'in rufe shi ne ƙananan, ƙananan tsaba.
Ana sa pears a kan reshe ta hanyar ƙwararrun ƙwararru.
Hotuna
Halaye
Irin wannan lambun lambu yana nufin iri iri iri na duniya. Wannan yana nufin cewa 'ya'yan itatuwa suna da kyau a daban-daban amfani - sabo ne, dried, kuma a matsayin kayan abinci mai kyau don samar da kayan lambu daban-daban, dadi da' ya'yan itace, jam, jelly, marmalades, desserts.
Yayin da aka balaga matasan, tayin zai samu daidai m dandano mai dadi-dandano na kayan zaki.
Wasu hasara na "Perun" shine ji yayin da cin cin abincin da ke faruwa saboda rashin juiciness.
Chemicals in cikakke pears suna kunshe ne a cikin wannan rabo:
| Haɗuwa | Yawan |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 12,8% |
| Adidir acid | 0,45% |
| Ascorbic acid | 5.8 MG / 100 g |
| Tannins | 58 MG / 100 g |
| P-aiki mahadi | 58 MG / 100 g |
Ƙwayar itace na ƙayyadaddun saiti farawa shekaru 4-5 bayan dasa.
Wani itace mai girma yana samar da amfanin gona na yau da kullum, wanda aka nuna shi da matsakaici.
Musamman, a cikin aikin lambu gonaki na Altai - mahaifar "Perun" - yawan amfanin ƙasa da kowane itace ya kai kilo 18.
A cikin yanayin Siberia pear Perun ya nuna lokacin hunturu mai mahimmanci, kodayake ba ta da mahimmanci ga tsohuwar Siberian "Lukashovka" iri ta hanyar da aka tsara.
A halin yanzu idan akwai musamman igiya mai tsanani na iya daskare dan kadan. Saboda haka, lokacin da iri iri iri "Perun" an bada shawarar bada kulawa ta musamman ga yanayin damuwa mafi girma a wurin da aka dasa shi.
A cikin wadannan yankuna, an samu nau'in nau'in pear: Tonkovetka, Sverdlovchanka, Severyanka, Feeriya da Severyanka ja-cheeked.
Dasa da kulawa
Duk da cewa "Perun" an shayar da shi don amfanin gona a yankunan Siberiya, daga wannan ba ya daina zama tsire-tsire mai ƙarancin zafi. Saboda haka Ya kamata a dasa shuki da shuka a cikin wani wuri mai kariya.
Kada ya kasance mai karfi da zabin ruwa a kusa da ƙasa. Kuma mafi mahimmanci - a wannan wuri akwai yawan hasken rana.
Kyakkyawan inuwa za su iya suna taimakawa wajen raguwa da kananan rassan da ba a karkashin su ba kuma ba za su bari su girbi girbi mai kyau daga itacen ba.
Game da abin da ke dacewa da ƙasa a wurin shuka, mafi yawan kaya masu daraja, loams ko loams yashi ne kyawawa. A kan gurasar yashi da yumɓu, za a iya shuka namo a lokacin da ake dasa shuki mai kyau, rashin acidity da kuma na yau da kullum (kowace shekara) taki gona.
A karkashin dasa shuki iri na digging zurfin zurfin kusan 1 m da diamita na 70-80 cm. Har sai lokacin saukowa, rami ya kamata ya tsaya cikin makonni 1-2.
Kafin ya kamata zub da bayani mai lemun tsami (2 gilashin fluff da lita 10 na ruwa). Ƙasa da aka samo a lokacin digging an haxa shi da humus, yashi da superphosphate.
Tare da wannan ƙwayar ƙasa, ana shuka jigilar seedling a lokacin dasa. Da wannan ya tushen wuyansa ya kamata tafiya 5-7 cm daga ƙasa.
A kusa da itacen haka an dasa tare da 3-4 cm radial earthen shaft Forms a kusa-akwati da'irar tare da radius na 35-40 cm.
Cikin rami ya kafa Zuba 2-3 buckets na rabu da ruwa. Bayan shan ruwan sha, wuri mai sanyi Yayyafa da bushe humus ciyawa (2-3 cm).
Tsarin kulawa mai kyau ya nuna kullum watering na itace (a matsayin wakili na iri na Siberian, "Perun" na buƙatar ƙarin ban ruwa a farkon lokacin rani), dace hadewar ƙasa, kazalika da kwarewa.
Na farko pruning dole ne a yi a kan seedlingwannan zai ba da kambi na gaba a matsayin sabon tsari kuma tabbatar da ci gaba na al'ada.
Bugu da ƙari, balagagge masu girma suna buƙatar spring pruning don cire rassan da suka mutu da kuma bishiyoyi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Pear "Perun" a al'ada da kyau a kan manyan cututtuka.
Magunguna-resistant irin pears: Chudesnitsa, Chizhovskaya, Skorospelka daga Michurinsk, Moscow da wuri da kuma Oryol kyakkyawa.
Bisa ga lura da masu aikin lambu, wannan al'ada ba kusan samun rashin lafiya ba. Wannan iri-iri yana da tsayayya ga kwari masu yawa.
Duk da haka, idan akwai sha'awar kara kare tsire-tsire daga rodents da kunar rana a jiki, ana karfafa shtamb da rassan skeletal don kunshe kowane abu a hannun.
Daga kwari zai taimaka sosai lemun tsami turmi, wanda aka bi da itace itace.
Tare da yin gyare-gyare da alhakin aiwatar da duk waɗannan ka'idoji masu sauƙi, za ka iya dogara akan pear don gode wa mai shi tare da girbi mai kyau.
