Kasar Sin tana dauke da wurin haifar da pears, yanzu samaniya na sama yana samar da fiye da kashi 50 cikin 100 na dukkanin wadannan 'ya'yan itatuwa. An san pear din na dogon lokaci, tun lokacin da aka riga ya rigaya, amma yanayin zamani shine aikin masu shayarwa.
Pear nasa ne ga jinsin Pirus iyali na ruwan hoda, shi ne ornamental da 'ya'yan itatuwa da shrubs. Ya girma, musamman a arewacin yanki, a cikin kudancin da kuma tsakiyar latitudes. A ƙasa da ma'auni, a kan ƙananan masana'antu, an girma ne kawai a Argentina.
Game da kimanin nau'in nau'i na pears da aka sani, daga cikinsu akwai mafi yawan itatuwan daji. Pear ya fada Rasha a tsakiyar zamanai, daga Poland, da kuma sunan da aka yi amfani dashi har yanzu, makale, makale.
A kasarmu yana girma a yankunan kudancin, a tsakiyar yanki da kuma a Gabas ta Gabas, an gina iri don wasu yankunan Siberia. Game da ripening pear ya raba zuwa farkon, matsakaici da kuma marigayi iri, sau da yawa cinye pear rani, kaka da kuma hunturu.
Bugu da ari a cikin labarin, bayanin da bayanin irin nau'in nau'in pear a ƙwaƙwalwar Yakovlev, sakamakon martani na dan takarar aikin kimiyya Isaev RD. da kuma hoto da za ka ga abin da pear yake kama da kuma gano lokacin da waɗannan nau'o'in ban mamaki suka tsufa.
Wani irin pears yana nufin?
A cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar Yakovlev, wannan kaka ne mai nau'in pear, samu ta hanyar tsallaka iri na Tyoma tare da Faransanci Olivier de Serres.
Sauran nau'i-nau'in tsirrai sun hada da: Tatiana, Talgar Beauty, Fairy Tale, Silent Don da Otradnenskaya.
Za a iya saya tsaba a cikin koshin lafiya. Yana da skoroplodny duniya sa tare da high da ake samu da kuma kyakkyawan scab juriya.
Ya hada da a cikin Jihar Register on Central, Central Black Duniya da tsakiyar Volga yankuna.
Tarihin kiwo
Wani hali mai tsanani game da noma sababbin nau'in pears a Rasha ya fara ne tare da aikin Academician Michurin IV, a gabansa wannan kasuwancin yana cikin hannun masu son masoya.
A karkashin Michurin, janyo sababbin sababbin tsire-tsire sun sami goyon bayan jihar. P.N. Yakovlev dalibinsa, tare da sunansa yana haɗuwa da fitowar iri iri na pears: "Yakovlev Ya fi dacewa", "Autumn Yakovlev".
Ya fara aiki a kan kiwo wannan iri-iri, dansa ya ƙare, saboda haka sunan. Ƙaramar Pear Yakovlev samu a VNIIS su Michurin, girma a mafi girma a tsakiyar yankin na kasar, ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da hoto na 'ya'yan itace.
Bayanai masu kwatanta Memory Yakovlev
Itacen itace ƙananan, yana girma cikin sauri, matsakaici matsakaici, tare da kambi mai zagaye, haushi launin toka. Babban harbe suna girma a ƙasa. Itacen ya ba da yawa harbe, suna da matsakaici.
Koda m, mai santsi, babban matashin kai-tsaye. Bar kananan, kore. Flowers fari, a cikin inflorescence na 4-6 petals.
'Ya'yan itatuwa suna da matsakaici, waɗanda aka gama suna da launi tare da ƙaramin orange. Pear m, mai dadi, kananan hatsi.
Ana amfani da 'ya'yan itatuwa cikin abinci mai kyau, su masu kyau kayan kayan kyau ne don yin jam da compote, suna sauƙin hawa.
Tree ana haifar da 'ya'yan itatuwa a shekara ta 4 na dasa, a shekara ta 7 ya ba da babban amfanin gona. Ƙananan girma daga cikin itatuwan yana sa ya yiwu a kara gwada dasa don samun girbi na 'ya'yan itatuwa masu kyau daga ƙananan yanki.
Janairu, Yakovlevskaya, Chudesnitsa, Bere Russkaya da Tonkovetka za su yi alfahari da yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Ƙaramar Pear Yakovlev, cikakken bayani game da halaye wanda za ka koya daga baya a cikin labarin, yana ci gaba da hunturu, bazazarar dashi ba. A iri-iri girma a kowace ƙasa, amma fi son loam tare da gaban ruwan karkashin kasa.
Hotuna
Hotuna na itace da 'ya'yan itace na pear A ƙwaƙwalwar Yakovlev:
Halaye
Ƙaramar Pear Yakovlev da kansu da kuma skoroplodny wani iri-iri, shi ne kanta pollinator ga sauran gonar lambu, wanda ripen a cikin kaka, Hardy Hardy, resistant zuwa scab da sauran cututtuka da dama na shuke-shuke, yana ba da girbi mai kyau.
Babu matsala mara kyau.
TAMBAYA! A cikin yankunan da ba'a da kyau, iri-iri suna buƙatar buƙatun ruwa na yau da kullum.
Dubi bidiyo tare da sake duba dan takarar C.-X. Kimiyya Isaev Roman Dmitrievich game da pear Memory of Yakovlev, to, za ku koyi game da yadda dasawa da kulawa.
Dasa da kulawa
An dasa saplings a spring ko kaka, a watan Afrilu ko Oktoba. A cikin shekarar farko zaka iya yin ba tare da takin mai magani ba, amma seedlings suna bukatar a shayar da su.
Idan seedlings ana shuka su a cikin yumbu ƙasa, don ingantaccen girma na shuka, ƙara peat, kogin yashi ko takin zuwa ƙasa.
Muhimmanci! Don saukowa suna yin rami tare da zurfin 80-90 cm kuma radius na kimanin mita daya. Ba za ku iya shuka yawan sunflower ko masara ba, waɗannan al'adun suna daukar kayan abinci daga ƙasa.
Ƙarin pollinator don ƙwayar Memory Yakovlev ba a buƙata ba, iri-iri yana da kyau.
A cikin watan Maris, ya shiga cikin shinge itace, cire wasu tsoffin rassan kuma rage sauran sauran, yi don rage girman itacen, banda pruning yana kaiwa ga samuwa na sababbin buds. Cire rassan da tsohon flower buds.
A watan Afrilu, ana yin amfani da itace, kariya daga kwari, ana iya aiwatar da hanya sau biyu. A karo na farko a lokacin budurwar buds, na biyu, a farkon bayyanar furen. Shirye-shiryen Inta-Vir, Hoto da Fury za su kare wannan shuka.
A watan Mayu, ana ciyar da shuka. Urea yafi dace.
A lokacin rani, noma girma da ciyawa, musamman ma tare da rashin ruwan sama.
A cikin fall a watan Satumba, yana da mahimmanci don farar da trunks, lokacin da raunuka a kan bishiya ya rufe su da ja jaWannan zai kare pear daga cuta da taimako a cikin hunturu sanyi.
A watan Nuwamba, dole ne a ciyar da ƙasa a kusa da pear. Takin, lemun tsami, ash sun dace da wannan dalili.
Pear zai gode wa kulawa.
Cututtuka da kwari
Tsare-tsaren Memory Yakovlev yayi maganin yawancin cututtuka na itatuwan pear, ƙarin bayanin
//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html pears. Wannan cututtukan yana haifar da naman gwari, yana shafar dukan itacen.
Yana da sauƙi in ƙayyade idan wani itace ya ciwo, idan launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana a kan wasu ganye, yana da scab. Kwayar cutar sau da yawa yakan faru saboda yanayin ruwan sama.
Hanya mafi kyau na gwagwarmaya shine rigakafin, pruning, ciyar da itace. Idan cutar ta zo, to, babban hanyar magance yaduwar ruwa Bordeaux.
Dole ne a yi wannan sau da yawa. An yi shinge na farko kafin bayyanar ganye, na biyu, nan da nan bayan abscission na flower, sa'an nan bayan makonni uku.
TAMBAYA! Tsara itace, ba za ka iya ƙone ganye akan bishiyoyi ba. Idan cutar ta ci gaba sosai, to, ana iya yin spraying har sau shida a kowace kakar. A cikin kaka, fesa itacen da ammonium nitrate bayani.
Resistance to scab na da Early Moscow, Orlovskaya Beauty, Oryol Summer, M Efimova da Marble.
Farin fari. Haka kuma wannan cututtuka ta lalacewa ta hanyar naman gwari, farar fata ko launin toka mai launin fata an kafa su a cikin ganyayyaki, sai su juya rawaya, sannan su fada. Jiyya tare da ruwa na Bordeaux taimakawa wajen magance cutar. Sanya itacen ya kasance kafin flowering, bayan kwanaki 12-14, sake maimaita aiki.
Fruit rot. Pathogens: naman kaza, Goose irin ƙwaro. Haka kuma cutar tana rinjayar 'ya'yan itace, spots na hakowa launi fara bayyana, sun bushe da kuma fada. Kwayoyin 'ya'yan itace sun girbe kuma an binne su sosai a ƙasa, ana bi da su da ruwa na Bordeaux.
Black ciwon daji Gashin naman yana da haushi na itace, shi ya yi duhu, ya yi duhu, sai ya mutu, kuma itacen ya bushe.
A wanke tsararren kullun, yayinda za'a magance matsalar da ake fama da shi, za a wanke yankunan da aka yi da haushi tare da jan karfe sulphate, wanda aka rufe tare da filin farar lambu.
Jarabawa. Babban kwari na pear shi ne aphid, ƙananan kwari da ke shafar ganye da harbe. Aphid sucks da ruwan 'ya'yan itace na shuka.
Gwajiyar hanya ta gwagwarmaya, amfani da karbofos da kovikurt, ciyar da sau da yawa sau da yawa. Zaka iya amfani da mafita na tafarnuwa da dandelion, amfani da sabulu.
Pecker sucker. Ciwon ciki, ya sa qwai a cikin haushi da ganyen itacen. Itacen ke tsiro da sannu a hankali, 'ya'yan itatuwa sun yi karamin ƙananan, dandano ya ɓace. Yayyafa sau da yawa a kakar tare da sabulu ko tafarnuwa bayani.
Pear mite Ƙananan kwari yana sa qwai a cikin haushi da ganyen bishiya, tsotsa tsire-tsire, ya bushe. Don halakar da kwaro ciyar aiki bayani na colloidal sulfur.
Pear asu. Inse, cin 'ya'yan itatuwa. Cire 'ya'yan itatuwa da suka fadi, fesa da jiko na wormwood, amfani da mafita na shirye-shirye na nazarin halittu.
Girma Fure Wani kwari wanda ya sa qwai a cikin furen shuka, yana ciyarwa akan bishiyoyi da buds. Kafin flowering, fesa da maganin karbofos tare da Bugu da ƙari na ƙuƙwalwar emulsion.
KARANTA KASHI. Za'a iya aiwatar da kayan ƙanshi sosai, don yin maganin da dama akan irin kwari da cututtuka na shuka.
Wani abokin gaba na itace zai iya zama rodentsA cikin neman abinci, musamman ma a cikin hunturu, suna sa tushen bishiyar.
Ginshiƙan bishiyoyi suna haɗe da ruberoid, rassan bishiyoyi, zai tsoratar da kwayoyi kuma su hana sunburns daga konewa.
Nau'in nau'i-nau'i Yakovlev ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, kamar dukan pears, yana da kayan magani, yana da amfani a cikin ciwon sukari, cututtuka na hanji, da kuma kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa daga jiki.
Wannan iri-iri na girma a yankunan da yawa na kasar kuma yana jin dadin lambu tare da dadi da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa.
Duba bidiyo game da pear na Memory of Yakovlev.
