Stapelia wata itaciya ce mai cike da yalwar furanni tare da furen fleshy da kyawawan furanni masu ban mamaki. Saboda siffar furanni, mai kama da tauraruwa mai motley, ana kiranta da "Order Star" ko "Starfish". Shuka ya kasance ga dangin Kutrov. Kasar haihuwarta ita ce Kudu da Kudu maso Yammacin Afirka, inda furanni ke zaune kusa da tafkuna da kuma dazuzzuka a kan tsaunin tuddai. Kamar yawancin succulents, stapelia yana haɓaka tare da kusan babu kulawa, don haka ya dace da lambu mai laushi ko aiki mai yawa.
Bayanin Botanical
Stapelia shine perennial shuka mai girman kai. Tsayin samfuran manya ya kai daga cm 10-60. Yana da tsarin asali, na zahiri. Partasa ta ƙasa tana kunshe da ria processesan shinge masu kyau tare da fata mai laushi. M mai haske fleshy harbe ana fentin mai haske kore tare da launin shuɗi ko ruwan hoda aibobi da kuma farin farin gashi mai laushi. Suna da fuskoki 4-6 na matakai daban-daban na tsananin rauni, wanda a ciki akwai hanyoyin kawo sauƙin, kama da gajeru, gaɓoɓin hancin da ke ciki.
Abin ban sha'awa shine fure na stapelia, wanda yakan faru sau da yawa a lokacin rani. Na farko, manyan ƙananan airy buds girman kwai kaza an kafa su. Suna cikin ƙananan ɓangaren harbi, kodayake ana iya kasancewa a saman sa. Kowane fure yana da tsattsayen furanninsa. A buds Bloom a cikin kararrawa-dimbin yawa ko lebur biyar-petamed furanni. Durinsu ya kai cm 5-30. Tushen firam ɗin mai gashi mai fis ɗin ya shiga cikin babban rami na tsakiya. Sau da yawa a tsakiya shine mirgine mai nama. A kan dukkan farfajiyar fure ko kuma gefen gefen doguwar gemuular villi ce mai launin fari ko ruwan hoda mai haske. Canza launuka na fure zai iya zama motley yellow-burgundy, lemun tsami ko ja-orange.
Furanni suna da banbanci da kyau, amma a lokaci guda exude wani da ba dadi sosai, kamshi na ƙanshi. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa babban pollinators kwari ne. Su ne kawai suke iya isa sakunan pollen. Bayan pollination, tsaba suna girma cikin kwalaye mai soyayyen abu mai tsawon lokaci, tsari na iya ɗaukar shekara guda ko fiye.
Shahararrun nau'ikan hanyar kwance
Dangane da rarrabuwar kasa da kasa, akwai nau'ikan 56 a cikin stapelia. Yawancinsu suna da ado saboda yanayin sabon furanni.
Babban stapelia. Wannan perenu succulent yana tsiro tetrahedral kore harbe. Sau da yawa sukan reshe daga ƙasa. A cikin ƙananan ɓangaren kara a lokacin rani, furen fure akan doguwar suttura mai iya canzawa. Jikinta na lanceolate yayi kama da wani dutsen da ke da kamanninsa. Duddirin corolla ya kai cm 15-25 cm Alluran launin shuɗi ko launin burgundy ana ɗaukar su da yawa tare da villi mai tsayi na azurfa. Flow yana wuce kwanaki 2-5. A wannan lokacin, ƙanshi mai daɗi ba ta kusan kasancewa.
Kyaftin Stapelia. Dankin yana da fure mai haske mai haske mai haske, wanda a sashi yana samar da da'irar yau da kullun. Hakora masu hakora suna tare da haƙarƙarin kafaffen yatsa. Tsayin karamin karar ba ya wuce cm 10. A cikin rani mai haske furanni masu launuka masu launuka masu tsini tare da kewayon 5-8 cm. An fentin su a cikin launin rawaya ko mai tsami, a kan wanda ya bambanta launin ruwan hoda ko ɓogun maroon. Corolla da ke kwance a tsakiyar tana da zobe na convex, wacce itace da tukunyar tukunyar triangular. Kamshi maras dadi a lokacin fure yana da ƙarfi. Shuka mai sauƙin daidaita yanayin yanayin m.
Starapelia mai hoto mai siffa. Fushin tetrahedral na shuka basu wuce santimita 20 ba. An rufe su da fata mai laushi mai launin shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda ko shuɗi mai haske. Kananan cloves suna kan iyakokin. An tattara furanni zuwa guda 1-3 a gindin farkon tsiran. Suna da tsayi, da bakin gado. Kyakkyawan tauraruwar mai buɗe ido-5 cm ne a diamita .. Al'adunan suna da ƙarfi kuma an juya su baya tare da axin. Furanni suna da dunƙule mai haske, mai dumin hankali. An tsara villi tare da gefen ƙarshen gefe. Launi na fure ya kunshi ja, ruwan lemo da tabarau mai rawaya.
Tashin teku na stapelia. Tsawon wannan nasarar ba ta wuce cm 15 .. Ya kama haske mai tushe kore. A lokacin furanni, har zuwa furanni uku fure lokaci guda. An samo su ne daga gindin harba a kan dogo mai tsayi. Duddudden lemun tsami-lemun tsami-shuɗi bai wuce cm 5 ba. An rufe farjinsa da launuka masu launin shuɗi ko farar fata. Abubuwan haɓaka translucent suna ƙare tare da thickening a ƙarshen.
Gigantic stapelia. A shuka yana da dogon fleshy harbe tare da zurfin a tsaye notches. A lokacin furanni, yana tonon fure mafi girma, wanda girmansa ya kai cm 35. Fentin furanni mai gashi mai launi biyar ana zana shi da launin shuɗi mai launin toka tare da zazzagewa mai ƙyalƙyali. A gefuna da petals ne sosai kunkuntar da elongated. Sau da yawa tukwici suna juya a karkace. Lokacin furanni, shuka yakan fitar da ƙanshin ƙanshin nama.
Stapelia ruwan zinare. Tsawon furen da ya fashe na bakin koren duhu mai duhu bai wuce cm 10. Furen yana yin fure a saman ɓangaren mai tushe kuma tara 1-3 buds. Girman dutsen yana da kusan cm 4. Ya yi kama da dabbar dutsen da ke da faffadar fayel. An rufe saman farfajin da ƙananan tubercles kuma ana fentin su a cikin haske ko launin shuɗi. Cibiyar ta bambanta da kololuwa. An rufe shi da tarin ruwan hoda mai ruwan hoda da zane a fararen launuka da shuɗi. Aroanshin furanni na wannan nau'ikan yana da daɗi, ko da yake mai rauni.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Sake bugun stapelia ana yin ta ne ta hanyar zuriya da dabino. Freshly girbe, da-ripened tsaba ana shuka su nan da nan a cikin m yashi peat ƙasa. An rarraba su a farfajiya, an guga shi kuma an ɗaure shi da yashi. Ana fesa tankin yau da kullun daga kwalbar fesa. Ana iya lura da harbe-harbe na farko bayan kwanaki 22-28. 'Ya'yan itace 1-1.5 cm high nutse a cikin disposable kofuna ko kananan tukwane da ƙasa domin succulents. Ana yin juyawa na gaba a cikin shekara.
Stapelia yana sauƙaƙe yana yaduwar itace. Don yin wannan, a yanka wata hanyar a ƙarshen 3-5 cm a ƙarshen bazara tare da ruwan tsabtataccen tsabtace Itace yanki da aka yanke daga itace da uwa uwa an murƙushe shi da gawayi. Kafin dasa shuki, ciyawar ta bushe cikin iska na yini guda, sannan a kafe a cikin yashi da ƙasan peat. Ya isa ya tura kara zuwa cikin ƙasa kuma ya ƙirƙira tallafi don hakan. Bayan bayyanar Tushen, an dasa tsiron a cikin duniya mai murhun wuta daga cakuda ciyayi, ƙasa, gawayi da yashi kogin.
Shuka da kulawa a gida
Stapelia shine tsire-tsire mai ƙeƙasasshe, don haka dole ne a aiwatar da juyawa sosai a hankali. Domin kada ya karya Tushen, suna amfani da hanyar nutsuwa tare da adana ɓoyayyiyar ƙwayar ƙasa. Mafi kyawun lokacin dasa shine bazara. Yi aikin sau ɗaya a cikin kowane shekaru 1-3. A lokaci guda, za'a iya cire bushe da tsohuwar harbe, kuma za'a iya raba babban daji zuwa sassa da yawa.
Tukunyar tukunya ta zama mara nauyi, amma tana da yawa. A tsayi na uku an cika shi da kayan magudanar ruwa (yumɓu mai yumbu, ƙwaƙwalwa, gutsuttsuran jan bulo). Samun sarari kyauta tsakanin tushen da ganuwar yana cike da ƙasa tare da tsaka tsaki ko ɗanɗanar acid. Soilasar ta ƙunshi babban adadin yashi, da ciyawar ƙasa da kuma gawayi na gawayi. Nan da nan bayan an dasa, dole ne a sanya hanyar mai amfani da hasken wutar lantarki. Ka guji shayarwa har sati daya. Lokacin da fure ta saba da sabuwar ƙasa, sai su fara ɗora ƙasa da hankali.
Kula da gida na hanyar bata da wahala. Tare da madaidaicin wuri, fure ba ta buƙatar kulawa mai wucewa. Idan ana kiyaye shi sosai, ana shayar dashi sau da kafa daga wuri zuwa wuri, zai iya yin rashin lafiya.
Haske Stapelia yana buƙatar haske mai tsananin gaske. Ana iya sanya shi a kan kudanci, yamma da gabashin taga, amma a lokacin rani ana aski daga faɗuwar rana. Wuce kima da kuma nunawa ga hasken rana kai tsaye yana haifar da ƙonewa. Sun bayyana bushewar launin ruwan kasa akan ganyayyaki. Ko da sake fasalin mai tushe shine alamar farko na matsala. A cikin hunturu, ɗakunan arewa na iya buƙatar ƙarin hasken wuta.
Zazzabi A lokacin bazara da lokacin rani, ƙarancin iska shine + 22 ... + 26 ° C. Kuna iya ɗaukar furanni zuwa baranda, amma a kiyaye shi a hankali daga zane. A watan Nuwamba-Fabrairu, ya zama dole don samar da shuka tare da lokacin hutawa. A wannan lokacin, dole ne a adana shi a cikin ɗaki mai kyau, mai sanyi (+ 14 ... + 16 ° C). Sanyaya a ƙasa + 12 ° C ba a yarda.
Haushi. Kamar kowane succulent, stapelia yana jure bushewar iska sosai. Ba ta buƙatar ƙarin spraying. An ba da izinin wanka ba ƙarƙashin wanka mai dumi, koyaya, yayin lokacin furanni, ya kamata a nisantar da su. Lokacin yin iyo, kuna buƙatar kare ƙasa daga bakin ruwa.
Watse. Stapelia yana buƙatar shayarwa ta matsakaici, wanda ya sa tsakanin ban ruwa ya ƙasa ta bushe da rabi. A cikin kaka, kamar yadda zazzabi ke raguwa, yin ƙasa ya zama ruwan dare gama gari. A cikin hunturu, ya isa ya zuba da yawa tablespoons a cikin tukunya don dan ƙanshi da ƙasa.
Taki. A watan Afrilu-Satumba, stapelias ana hadi sau biyu a wata tare da abubuwan ma'adinai na cacti. Ana zubar da maganin taki a cikin ƙasa a ɗan ɗan nesa daga asalin sa. Hadaddun yakamata ya ƙunshi isasshen adadin potassium, saboda yana ƙaruwa rigakafin shuka. A cikin faduwar, an dakatar da sutturar gaba daya gaba daya.
Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa
Tare da kulawa da ta dace, stapelia ba ya fama da cututtuka na shuka. Idan an zubar da ƙasa a kai a kai, Tushen rot na iya haɓaka. A wannan yanayin, kusan kusan ba shi yiwuwa ya ceci mahaifiyar. Kuna buƙatar samun lokaci don yanke ƙwararren lafiya kuma ku tushen su. Kwayoyin cuta kusan ba za su taɓa zama a kan hanyar kwance ba, saboda haka ba ku da damuwa game da amincin fure.
Lokacin kulawa da shuka, ya zama dole don kula da bayyanar ta. Idan mai tushe ya zama kodadde kuma ya lalace, wannan yana nuna bay. Longwararrun bakin ciki harbe suna nuna rashin takin zamani da hasken wuta. Idan lokacin tsari ba daidai yake ba kuma akwai rashin walƙiya, fure bazai yuwu ba.
