Inabi a Siberiya: fasali na shuka da kulawa

Inabi, bisa ga al'ada al'adar kudanci, an daɗe da samun nasarar girma a Siberiya. Irin wannan damar ta taso ba saboda yanayin yanayin Siberian mai taushi ba, amma godiya ga masu shayarwa waɗanda ke barnatar da ire-iren yanayin sanyi. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin gajeren bazara, har ma da unpreentious inabi suna buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.

Inabi iri na Siberiya

Thearfin girma inabi da zaki a Siber kyauta ce mai kyau ga masu lambu a wannan yankin. An samar da ire-iren al'adun da suka dace don daidaita yanayin canji na duniya tare da sauye sauye mai sauyawa a cikin yanayin yau da kullun da na shekara-shekara. Lokacin dumi ba tare da sanyi ba yana tsawon watanni uku: daga farkon Yuni zuwa farkon Satumba. Sabili da haka, nau'in farkon suna girma sosai a Siberiya: Muromets, Solovyova-58, Tukay, Rusven, Kodryanka da sauran farkon farkon, wanda kwanaki 90-115 suka wuce daga budd zuwa cikakkiyar balaga na berries.

Hoton hoto: nau'in innabi ya dace da haɓaka a Siberiya

Dasa inabi a Siberiya

Kyakkyawan dasa bishiran innabi na ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar girbi mai kyau.

Zaɓin wurin zama

Zaɓi wani wuri mai rana da tsari daga iska. 'Ya'yan inabi ba za a iya dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai laushi ba, inda sanyi, hazo da tururuwar ruwa sau da yawa. A cikin tsarin mãkirci na gida, an fi sanya inabi a kusa da shinge marar amfani ko bango na gida yana fuskantar kudu ko kudu maso gabas.

A wuri guda, inabi zai iya girma kuma ya samar da kyawawan albarkatu na shekaru 15-20.

Bidiyo: zabar wurin 'ya'yan inabi

Lokaci

Lokaci mafi dacewa ga kowane saukowa a Siberiya shine bazara. Autumn a nan ya yi gajarta, dusar ƙanƙara na iya faɗuwa a cikin Satumba, seedlings yayin dasa shuki ba su da lokacin ɗauka. Shuka inabi a watan Mayu a karkashin tsari (a cikin takin ƙasa, ko ƙasa) ko a buɗe ƙasa lokacin da barazanar sanyi ta shude. A wasu yankuna na Siberiya kuma a farkon Yuni akwai dusar ƙanƙara mai dusar ƙanƙara.

A Siberiya, akwai babban yiwuwar sanyi da dusar ƙanƙara har zuwa watan Yuni, don haka dole ne a ajiye shukar da aka saya a damuna a kan windowsill har sai zafi ya zo

Ramin shiri

A cikin lokacin girma, harbe innabi yana girma da 5-10 cm a kowace rana .. Irin wannan haɓakar aiki yana buƙatar abinci mai kyau. Idan an dasa inabi a cikin ƙasa mara tsari, to, dukkan abubuwan gina jiki ana cinye su da sauri daga ɓangaren hatsi na sama. Bushes zai yi haɓaka kuma ya sami 'ya'ya. Sabili da haka, aƙalla makonni 2-3 kafin a dasa shuki a cikin mazaunin dindindin, an shirya ramuka na dasawa a gare su kuma an shirya su tare da takin zamani.

Shiri na rami rami:

1. Tona toka mai zurfi 30 cm zurfi kuma 80 cm m, zuwa kasan tana iya yaper 60 cm. Tsawon ya dogara da yawan ƙwayoyin. Nisa tsakanin bushes ɗin yakamata ya zama 2. Idan kuna shirin dasawa a cikin layuka 2, to saitin jere shine 2-3 m.
2. Sanya babba na ƙasa (a kan bayonet na shebur) a bangare guda, duk abin da ke ƙasa yana cikin ɗayan.
3. A karkashin kowace seedling a cikin tare mahara, tono a dasa rami 60 cm zurfi da fadi, wato, jimlar zurfin a dasa shuki ya kamata 90 cm daga ƙasa.
4. Zuba ash da 200 g superphosphate a cikin kasan rami na dasa shuki. Sanya Layer na rassan da m mai tushe na weeds.
5. Cika ramuka tare da cakuda humus, topsoil da yashi (1: 1: 0.5).
6. Ba kwa buƙatar cika ramin da kansa, ƙarfafa bangonsa da allon. Saboda haka, gonar inabin za ta sake komawa ƙasa, wato, daga matakin dasa zuwa matakin ƙasa ya zama 30 cm (zurfin maɓuɓɓugar).

'Ya'yan inabi da aka dasa a ƙasa ƙasa akan rukunin yanar gizon, shinge na maɓuɓɓugar suna da ƙarfi ta garkuwa

Don Siberiya, tare da zurfin ƙasa na 20-40 cm, zafin da aka karɓa lokacin bazara ana amfani dashi har zuwa iyakar matsakaici. Za a iya sanya maɓuɓɓugar cikin fili, sannan zai iya zama mafi haske ga hasken rana. Saukowa rami ma sau da yawa yana yin ƙari. An yi imanin cewa rami mai zurfin 1 m, wanda yake da takin gargajiya da ma'adinai, yana ba da itacen innabi da abinci mai gina jiki na shekaru 10-15, wato, ba za a buƙaci ciyar da abinci gabaɗaya ba.

Idan kana son yin ba tare da miya ba kuma tono babban rami, shuka gona a ƙarƙashin bushes kuma a cikin layuka na taki kore: alfalfa, mustard, Clover, Peas, lupine, alkama, hatsi. Wadannan tsire-tsire suna ba da gudummawa ga rarar abinci mai gina jiki tsakanin yadudduka na ƙasa da kuma tarin humus. Shuka siderata kafin fure, sai a yanka kuma a girka a ƙarƙashin itacen inabi kamar ciyawa.

Tsarin malalewa

Akwai shawarwari don sanya magudanan ruwa da tubalin da ya karye a kasan ramin saitin kuma sanya bututu ta hanyar shayar da inabi. Amma akwai kuma sake dubawa na lambu wanda bai ga bambanci tsakanin dasa inabi a cikin "mai kaifin" rami kuma a cikin talakawa. Lokacin yin shayar da bututu, Tushen yakan shimfiɗa shi, kuma kada ka haɓaka zurfi da faɗi. Lambatu ya zama silted tsawon shekaru, Tushen zai iya jujjuyawa.

Ramin "mai kaifin basira" a Siberiya baya bayar da hujja ga ƙoƙarin da ake buƙata don ginin sa

Yawancin masu kula da giya sun yarda cewa ana buƙatar rami mai “wayo” ne kawai a farkon shekaru 1-2 bayan dasa, kuma a nan gaba sun rasa tasiri, tunda tushen ya wuce shi. Koyaya, a cikin yanayin yanayin Siberiya ba shi da kyau a yi tsarin magudanar ruwa, tunda matsanancin nonanyen da ba su da ɗaukar asali ba sa buƙatar shayarwa - sau 2-3 a kowace kakar.

Babu 'yan kwanaki zafi a yankin, mafi yawan lokuta ana ruwan sama sosai. Bugu da kari, fitar da ganyayyaki a cikin 'ya'yan inabbai masu kadan ne; har yanzu bai bunkasa zuwa daji mai karfi ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a sanya rassa maimakon duwatsu a ƙasan ramin, wanda a ƙarshe ya juya ya juya ya zama juzu'i, kuma ya rufe ƙasa bayan dasa shuki tare da bambaro, ciyawa, sare ciyawa ko ciyawar kore.

Tsarin shuka da shuka

'Ya'yan inabi a Siberiya suna da tushe mai tushe tare da tsarin tushen sa. Ana sayar da su a cikin kofuna waɗanda filastik. Mutane da yawa suna sayan su a farkon bazara, muddin akwai zaɓi kuma ana ci gaba da ƙarancin farashin kayayyaki, don haka shiri don saukarwa da saukar da kanta ya ƙunshi waɗannan matakai:

1. Idan kun sayi seedlings a farkon bazara, to, kuranye su ta hanyar canja wurin su daga kofuna waɗanda zuwa mafi tukwane tukwane kuma kiyaye su a kan windowsill, glazed baranda ko a cikin greenhouse har sai sanyi ya ƙare. Yi amfani da ƙasa don dasawa daga rukunin ku, hada shi da humus (1: 1).
2. A cikin kwanakin dumi (20 ⁰C da sama), fitar da yankan a ƙarƙashin sararin sama, da farko na awa ɗaya, sannu a hankali ku kasance cikin hasken rana, ƙara har zuwa sa'o'in hasken rana, tabbatar da shigar da cikin zafin rana.
3. Bayan Yuni 5-7, zaku iya fara dasawa a cikin ƙasa bude, ranar kafin wannan, ana shayar da tsire-tsire masu kyau.
4. Ga kowane seedling, tono rami girman tukunya wanda inabi yayi girma a cikin shirye shirye saukowa rami.
5. Auki fitar da hatsi tare da dunƙule na ƙasa ku sanya shi a cikin rami, an ɗora shi zuwa gefen inda za ku tanƙwara kuma ku sanya itacen inabin don kaka don hunturu. M zurfafa seedling zuwa farkon kore stalks.
6. Cika duniya, fitar lokacin da aka haƙa ramuka, zuba guga na ruwa da ciyawa.

Bidiyo: yadda ake shuka inabi a Siberiya

Kula da innabi a Siberiya

'Ya'yan inabi, haɓaka ne na al'adun noma, wanda ya haɗa da: shayarwa, samar da magudi, garter zuwa trellises, samar da zafi, tsari ga hunturu. Cututtuka da kwari na kwari ba su isa Siberiya ba, don haka babu buƙatar fesa tsire-tsire.

Watse

Wannan amfanin gona na rana yana tsayayya wa fari da zafi. Kasar gona karkashin innabi dole ne ta bushe. Bukatar ruwa an ƙaddara ta bayyanar tsire-tsire - ganye a cikin wuta rasa su elasticity, rataya. Don shayar da seedling, yi tsagi 15-20 cm zurfi a kewayen, daga dawowa daga tushe 30 cm, zuba 5-15 lita na ruwa a ciki. Adadin ya dogara da yadda ƙasa take ɗaukarwa. Yi amfani da ruwa mai zafi kawai a cikin rana. Bayan watering, matakin da ciyawa da tsagi.

Don ban ruwa na inabban haƙa furrows ko ramuka

Bayan dasawa a cikin bazara na Siberian, dasa tsire-tsire ba da wuya a shayar da shi ba, musamman idan gonar garkar ta kasance a wani wuri da ke da kariya daga iska, kuma an rufe ƙasa da ciyawa. Itatuwan itacen inabi yana buƙatar ƙarin ruwa. Amma mita da kuma yawan ruwa ya dogara da yanayin. Alamar har yanzu yanayin 'ya'yan inabi ne. Kula da shi sosai lokacin shi:

• nan da nan bayan budding;
• Makonni 2 kafin fure;
• Makonni 1-2 bayan fure;
• kafin lokacin sanyi.

Idan yanayin ya bushe lokacin waɗannan mahimman matakai na ci gaba, tabbatar cewa an shayar da inabi ta hanyar bushe saman 30-50 cm. Kada ku ruwa a lokacin furanni! A watan Agusta, watering ma wanda ba a ke so, da itacen inabi zai ripen mafi kyau ba tare da su.

Muhimmancin ciyawa

Ciyawa yana sanya ƙasa m da sako-sako, a cikin ƙananan Layer hankali rots, da kuma na sama Layer ya bushe da kuma hana cin gaban fungi. Godiya ga ciyawa, babu canje-canje masu kauri a zazzabi a cikin tushen lokacin lokacin ruwan sama; a cikin zafin rana, duniya mai dawwama tana sanyaya sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, irin wannan zuriyar dabbobi, lalacewar, yana fitar da carbon dioxide - ɗayan abubuwan da ke ɗaukar hoto.

Tataccen ciyawa a cikin bazara kawai bayan ƙasa ta daɗaɗɗa. M yadin da aka lalatar, ciyawar yanka, ciyawa ko bambaro. Wadannan kayan halitta zasu lalace da wadatar da ƙasa tare da humus ta kaka.

Ciyawa yana sanya ƙasa m da sako-sako, a cikin ƙananan Layer hankali rots, da kuma na sama Layer kasance bushe kuma baya yarda fungi su ci gaba

Bush samuwar

Halittar a farkon shekarar, farawa da garter, ba lallai ba ne don gina trellis, ya isa ya tsaya hadarurruka ko ƙarfafa ƙarfe 1.5 m kusa da tsire-tsire .. Barin harbe biyu mafi ƙarfi akan kowane riƙewa lokacin da suka girma zuwa 50-60 cm, ɗaure kowane ɗayan tallafin sa. a cikin hanyar harafin V. Yana faruwa cewa harbi ɗaya ne kawai ya tsiro akan makama, ɗaure shi ma.

Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, matakai zasu yi girma daga axils na ganye, suna buƙatar daɗawa. Wasu masu shayarwar giya sun ba da shawarar pinpin yayyen mata ba a gindi ba, amma akan ganye na biyu. A ra'ayinsu, ƙarin ganye suna inganta photosynthesis, ɗan itacen inabin yana karɓar ƙarin abinci da ƙarfi. A watan Agusta, Mint, wato, tsunkule fi manyan harbe.

Matakan samuwar daji daga seedling tare da harbe guda biyu (makirci mafi sauki):

1. A cikin kaka, bayan zubar ganye, a yanka guda ɗaya a cikin fure 4, ɗayan kuma ta 2. Na farko zai zama kibiya fruita fruitan itace, na biyu zai zama harbi na canzawa, kuma tare suna samar da hanyar haɗin 'ya'yan itace.
2. A cikin bazara na shekara ta biyu, ƙulla kibiya da harbi na canzawa a kwance zuwa trellis, da kuma jagorantar sashin da ke girma daga axils na santin ganye a tsaye.
3. A ƙarshen shekara ta biyu, a yanka dogon suttura na 4 a cikin rabin, wato, hannayen riga biyu yanzu suna da harbe biyu a tsaye. Sannan ka rage wadannan harbe guda hudu: wadanda ke kusa da tsakiyar dajin, ta hanyar 2 buds (harbe na canzawa), da kuma wadanda suka nesa ta hanyar 4 (harbe na bishiyoyi).
4. A cikin bazara na shekara ta uku, ƙulla 'yan itacen kibiyoyi a sama, kuma bar ƙwanƙon sauyi ya girma a tsaye. A lokacin bazara, matakai 12 za su yi girma - ɗaure su a miƙe.
5. A cikin kaka na shekara ta uku, a yanka kowane ɗayan rassan kwance biyu (kibiyoyi na 'ya'yan itace) zuwa ƙulli na canza tare da ƙananan harbe huɗu. Guda hudu na tsaye kawai zai sake kasancewa a cikin daji. Mun yanke su kuma bisa daidai wannan ka'ida: mafi kusa da tsakiyar daji don 2 buds, ragowar biyu - don 4 buds.
6. Daga bazara na shekara ta huɗu, ci gaba da samuwar bisa ga tsarin da aka ambata a sama.

Hoton Hoto: Tsabtace pewaya ta Shekara

Idan har har sau ɗaya ne kawai ya girma akan seedling ɗinku a farkon shekara, to, a cikin kaka yanke shi cikin fure biyu, wanda daga shekara mai zuwa ya samar da kibiya da kuma sauya salo, to kuyi amfani da hoton da ke sama. A Siberiya, zaku iya barin harbe tare da adadi mai yawa na buds (5-6), wato, ba don rage itacen inabin da yawa ba idan akwai daskarewa a cikin hunturu. Amma a cikin bazara, kada ku yanke manyan rassan, amma ku makantar da karin buds da harbe. Idan ya bar, za su yi ƙarfi, kauri kurmi, inabi a cikin yanayin wani ɗan gajeren bazara na iya samun lokacin yin ripen.

Ba a ba da shawarar ɗanɗanar inabi a cikin bazara. A wannan lokacin, kwararar ruwan itace ta fara, raunuka a kan inabi an warkar da su sosai, itacen inabi "ya yi kuka", ya rasa ƙarfi da yawa, zai yi haɓaka, kuma yana iya mutuwa.

Za a ɗora kan rassan a tsaye a cikin watan Yuni, bar ƙananan ƙananan kawai, haɓaka da kyau, tara waɗannan na sama. Idan kun bar komai, to, a cikin ɗan gajeren lokacin bazara ba za su sami lokacin zuwa ripen ba.

Bayan fahimtar ka'idodin samuwar, gwaji, barin wani adadin daban-daban na buds, harbe, inflorescences. Don haka gano daga kwarewar ku a ƙarƙashin wane yanayi ne zaka iya samun yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Yadda za a samar da karin zafi zuwa inabi a Siberiya (na'urar trellis)

Tapestries na iya zama ba kawai taimako ba, har ma da kariya ga inabi. Classic trellis ya ƙunshi sandunan ƙarfe ko katako na katako da waya da aka miƙa tsakanin su.

Siffofin zane na trellises, ba da damar tara zafi:

1. Baƙo sama da trellis: a cikin dare, iska mai sanyi da ke zuwa daga sama an yanke kuma zafin da yake tashi daga ƙasa yana jinkirta.
2. Endsarshen an rufe shi da fim - kariya daga iska.
3. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu ƙyalli da aka yi da tsare-tsare ko allunan aluminum a kusa da kewaye da trellis - sakamakon ingantaccen haske da kuma ƙarin tushen zafi.

Bidiyo: trellis-jirgin sama guda-aya don inabi

Tsarin inabi domin hunturu

Bayan mun girbe (da matasa a ƙarshen watan Agusta - farkon Satumba) Dole ne a kiyaye inabi daga farkon frosts. Don yin wannan, rufe ƙasa a ƙarƙashin bushes tare da tsohuwar fim, cire vines daga goyon baya, sa shi a kan fim, kuma a saman gina gidan kore a cikin hanyar rami da aka yi da polycarbonate ko arcs da fim. Sakamakon haka, idan zafin jiki ya sauka da daddare, ganye ba zai daskarewa ba, kuma a lokacin “bazara ta Indiya”, lokacin da har yanzu za a yi kwanaki masu ɗimi, photosynthesis da tsufa na kumbura za su ci gaba.

Bayan faduwar, tare da farkon yanayin sanyi, cire tsari na wucin gadi, kuma barin fim a ƙasa. A saman, gina wani abu kamar akwatin tare da gefuna. Wajibi ne a yi irin wannan ginin don 'ya'yan inabin su kasance a cikin ragar iska, kuma ba sandwiched tsakanin mafaka da ƙananan mafaka ba. Sanya kwali, zanen kumfa, agrofiber, burlap ko wasu rufi a gefen akwatin. Daga sama, rufe shi duka tare da fim, ɓoye shi a cikin gefuna. Ruwa bai kamata ya shiga cikin tsari ba, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itacen za su yi' ya'yan itace. Don hana ruwa, zaku iya amfani da shimfiɗa, kayan rufi da sauran kayan.

'Ya'yan inabi suna dage farawa a cikin kwalaye, an sanya shi kuma an kare shi daga shinge.

A cikin tsari na hunturu, 'Ya'yan inabi kada su zo tare da karfe (arcs, fil). In ba haka ba, harbe a wannan wuri za su daskare, kodan za su mutu.

A cikin bazara, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara ta narke, cire tsari. A Siberiya, wannan na iya faruwa a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Juyar da kasar gona baya buƙatar jira. Kada ku ɗauki kurangar inabi, sai dai kuyi gini, kamar a lokacin bazara, a greenhouse. Kuna iya cire shi kuma ku ɗaure harbe zuwa trellises kawai lokacin da barazanar sanyi ta wuce, shine, a watan Yuni. A ranakun da dumi, kar a manta da bude kofofin.

Reviews da kuma shawara na kungiyar giya ta Siberiya

Zai yuwu koda a Siberiya, kuma musamman a cikin Altai, a Biysk, an daɗe an sami makarantar masu kula da giya, kuma inabi ta zama tartsatsi a tsakanin lambu, har ma an yankar nau'ikan zaɓin Siberian. Na kasance cikin 'ya'yan inabi na dogon lokaci, sun sami nasarar' ya'yan itacen lu'ulu'u, Szabo, Tukai, Aleshenkin, Muscat Katunsky, kodayake muna farau da wuri da wuri kuma muna buƙatar tsari don hunturu, amma yana da daraja a ga sakamakon aikinku.

veniaminovich

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Ko ta yaya kake da rashin hankali, a cikin yanayin Siberian har yanzu kuna da ɗanɗano da inabi (idan yanayin bai canza ba). Komai yadda kuke tara zafi, dusar ƙanƙara tana faɗuwa sau da yawa a cikin Siberia a ƙarshen Mayu - a farkon watan Yuni - a wannan yanayin, idan ba a narkar da inabi, za ta daskare, amma ba za ku iya jira jiran matattarar girbi ba - lokacin rani yayi gajere. Har yanzu sanyi yana faruwa a watan Agusta, a ƙarshen - kai ma kuna buƙatar rufe ... Kyakkyawan zaɓi shine greenhouse, kamar yadda yake a cikin jihohin Baltic.

Buttercup

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A wannan kakar, a daren daga 3.10 zuwa 4.10, akwai lokacin sanyi -4.5^{game da}C. bushesan daji da yawa sun yi saurin ganye - ba mai mahimmanci ba, itacen inabin ya yi toho. Amma layuka na seedlings (yearlings) sha wahala. Tsararre ya kasance mai tarko - buɗaɗɗun buɗaɗɗen ƙarfe - baƙin ƙarfe da filastik (na tuba, ma ya yi fasko). Sakamakon - itacen inabin da aka kama. Amma hanyar Pino an rufe shi cikin bututu ta hanyar 60 spanbond a cikin yadudduka biyu. Sakamakon - ba ɗan kwaya ɗaya ba akan ganyayyaki. Na yi mamaki sosai, da bambanci sosai. Ina amfani da Spanbond a karon farko. A baya can, ya kasance ba shi da amana a matsayin mafaka ta hunturu.

TayaYansada

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Girma inabi a Siberia aiki ne mai wahala amma aiki mai ban sha'awa. Babban abu shine hana bushes daga daskarewa a cikin hunturu da kuma samar da matsakaicin adadin zafi a lokacin rani. Idan tarin kurangar inabi cikakke suka bayyana a kan kurangar, to, duk ƙoƙarin ku ba a banza bane. Kuna iya ba ku taken girmamawa na giya, saboda ba kowane ɗan lambu zai iya samun nasarar bunkasa wannan al'ada ba, har ma a kudanci ƙasar.