Mafi yawan nau'in shanu a kan ƙasar Rasha shine "Black Motley"

Na dogon lokaci, an kira wata sãniya a cikin Rasha a matsayin likita, kuma dukiyar dangin ƙwararrun ta ƙayyade yawan adadin waɗannan dabbobi masu ban mamaki.

Tun daga nan, yawancin sun canza, amma kiwo shanu ya zama babban masana'antun dabbobi.

Ya zama wajibi ne a lura da launin fata da fari, an samu rabon rarraba a ƙasashenmu, a Ukraine da Moldova.

Tarihin asali

A cikin USSR tun 1931 aikin ya fara ne akan kiwon dabbobi da yawa. Dalilin da ƙananan shanu na ƙananan bishiyoyi suka dauka sunyi amfani da su sosai. Kostroma, Yaroslavl, Simmentalsky rassan da Yaren mutanen Holland, Swiss, Dabbobin Ostfrizian. Sakamakon ya kasance mai kyau.

A cikin 1959 black-da-white shanu shanu karbi matsayi na raba irin, 53% Kudancin kiwo na kasar mu ne pestrus.

Akwai kuma wasu sauran kiwo na shanukamar: Jersey, Simmentalskaya, Ayshirskaya, Yaroslavskaya, Kholmogorskaya, Red Steppe.

Halaye na Black Destroy

Rahotan wakilan black da motley launi, mutum ga kowane dabba, elongated, siririn jiki, matsakaici mai girma tare da dogon gyare-gyaren fuska, horns sun nuna iyakar duhu, madara ne mai nau'i-nau'i, ɗayan baya na madogara yana kusa da juna fiye da gaba ɗaya, fata na nono yana da santsi da kuma roba, kafafu suna da ƙarfi.

Ƙasarmu tana da girma sosai kuma yanayi na hawan yanayi a yankunta ya bambanta da juna, saboda haka, aikin kiwon dabbobi a cikin lambun dabbobi yana dogara ne a kan ƙwayoyin gida waɗanda suka dace da yanayin yanayi.

Saboda haka an raba launin fata da fata-baki zuwa kungiyoyi 3: Tsakiyar Turai, Ural, Siberian.

1. A cikin tsakiya ɓangare kasashe Yaroslavl, Kholmogory, Kostroma breeds ya zama tushen aikin aikin gona.. An bambanta su da girman girma da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa, saboda haka, lokacin da aka ketare tare da dabbobi na Dutch da Swiss, sabon nau'in ya gaji halaye masu kyau, high yawan aiki da high taro.

   Bull iya samun nauyi 1000 kg, wata sãniya muhimmanci ƙananan - har zuwa 650 kg., ana haifar da calves babba da kuma samun nauyi har zuwa 1000 grams. kowace rana. Matsakaicin matsakaicin yawancin jeri daga 4 zuwa 6,000 lita a lokacin lactation, mai kididdiga: 3.5-3.7%;

2. Don kiwo Ƙungiyar Ural an dauki dalilin Tagil baki-da-farin irin, Baltic baki variegated da dabbobi Ostfrizian. A waje na dabbobin suna da juyayi fiye da nau'in tsakiyar Turai. Matsakaicin yawan amfanin shekara na har zuwa 5500 kg, amma mai ciki - har zuwa 4%;
3. 'Yan Siberiya black da motley irin samu daga ƙananan ƙwayoyin fata da na dutse. Saboda matsanancin yanayin hawan, wakilan jinsin suna karami, amma yawan aiki su duka ɗaya ne kusan sama - har zuwa kg 5000. a kowace shekarakuma abun ciki - 3.9-4%.

Hotuna

Hoton "Black Motley" irin shanu:

Yanayin tsarewa

Daban yana da kyakkyawar lafiyar lafiya da kuma dacewa da sababbin yanayi.amma akwai fasali a ciki, wanda ba za a iya saka shi ba:

1. Dakin don shanu dole ne ya bushesamun iska mai kyau;

Hankali! Ba a yarda daftarin ba.

2. A cikin hunturu, yanayin iska bai kamata ya fada ba kasa da digiri 5;
3. Kyakkyawan walƙiya tana tallafawa kwayoyin dabba a cikin rukunin aiki;
4. Kada dai ya ƙyale motsi kuma ya haifar da rashin tausayi ga dabba;
5. Tsaftace tsaftacewa sosai - abin da ake buƙata don ainihin abun ciki.

Regime da ciyarwa

Don ci gaba na al'ada, ci gaba da girma, rike yawan samuwa ba mahimmanci ba ne yanayin tsareamma kuma bayyana jadawali. Ya kamata a yi amfani da abinci da kuma milking a lokaci guda.. Rashin cin hanci da rashawa yana haifar da ragewa a madara.

Akwai maganar cewa madara na saniya tana cikin harshe, a wasu kalmomi, yawan amfanin gona madara ya dogara ne akan ko saniya ta cika. Ya kamata a kula da abinci na dabba a hankali. A cikin hunturu saniya bukatar 3.5 kg. hay da kilo 100. nauyi. Don yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa za ku buƙaci abinci mai sauƙi a cikin nauyin 2 ko 3 kg. da lita na madara.

Hankali! Ciyar da beetroot take kaiwa zuwa rashin cisau da yawa yakan haifar da mutuwar dabba.

Kunna da ake so lita na ƙarin madara yawan amfanin ƙasa zai buƙatar 150-200 grams. gari ko bran, kar ka manta game da lick - gishiri ya zama dole, kuma ƙara da shi a rage cin abinci a cikin takarda ba tsari ba dace.

Gida da gishiri sun haɗa su a lokacin rani. - Yana da kyakkyawar sakamako a kan yawan amfanin gona madara. A lokacin rani, saniya yana samun duk abin da kake bukata daga shuke-shuke, ciki har da bitamin da ake bukata.

A cikin lokacin hunturu abun ciki na bitamin a rage cin abinci yana ragewa sosai, saboda biyan kuɗin da masana'antu ke samarwa bitamin hadaddun abinci Additives.

Domin kare kanka da rikewar yawan amfanin gona na madararraki kada ku manta da su. Ga ƙwayar saniya mara kyau buƙatar yalwa da ruwa.

Idan har idan ba a yi amfani da shi ba, to ya kamata a shayar da dabbobi da safe da maraice tare da ruwa mai tsabta a dakin da zazzabi ko dan kadan warmed.

Cututtuka

Akalla sau ɗaya a mako Dole ne a tsabtace saniya tare da goga na musamman. Dole ne a yi wannan don kiyaye tsabtataccen tsabta, don halakar matsala. Yanayin dabba na dabba ya dogara ne da jihar ta hoofs, wajibi ne a yanke su a lokaci. Hankali! Tsarin lokaci da aiwatar da matakan rigakafi zai rage hadarin cutar.

Raunin shanu da fari bambanta ta lafiya mai kyau. Wannan wani muhimmin mahimmanci - sau da yawa marasa lafiya marasa lafiya da rashin ƙarfi ba su iya kiyaye yawan amfanin gona a madaidaiciya, amma don kauce wa cututtuka a cikin ƙari ba zai yiwu ba.

Kulawa mai kyau, ciyar da hankali, maganin alurar riga kafi ya rage hadarin cutar. Rigakafin cututtuka yana da rahusa, yana ɗaukar jinkirin lokaci da ƙoƙari idan aka kwatanta da magani.

Cututtuka na shanu za a iya raba su kashi biyu: cututtuka da marasa ciwo.

1. To m dangantaka cututtuka da cutar ta haifar da ƙwayoyin cuta, kwayoyin cuta, fungi, da kuma ruɗar da ke haifar da cuts da na ciki;
2. To wanda ba mai iya sadarwa ba cututtuka sun hada da cututtuka na yara matasa, guba, cututtuka na kwayoyin halitta da kuma tsarin da ke cikin yanayin mutum.

Yawancin gaske domin shanu sune: vicicular stomatitis, spongiform encephalopathy, mummunan kwayar cutar, Rift kwari zazzabi, nodular dermatitis, annoba, kafa da kuma bakin cuta. Idan akwai annoba, ana sanar da farautar.

Yalwace tsakanin dabbobi tarin fuka, salmonellosis, leishmaniasis, trichomoniasis, cutar sankarar bargo, brucellosis, dermatofibrosis. Sabis na dabbobi na kasar suna haifar da samfurin jini don gano dabbobi masu cututtukan, wannan ma'auni yana rage hadarin annoba da kuma kare masu amfani da kayan kiwo daga yiwuwar sake ciwo.

Hankali! Kada ka yi kokarin gwada kanka idan ba ba likita ba ne. Tuntuɓi gwani.

Tsarin shayarwa

Don samun shanu masu kyau masu kyau tare da mai kyau madara da kuma jituwa na waje, kyakkyawar halayyar lafiyar irin, jikokin dabbobi da dabi'un da aka tsara.

Duk waɗannan halaye na dabbõbin shanu suna daukar kwayar cutar ta hanyar iyaye. Idan akwai 'yan dabbobi, yana da sauƙin zabi mafi kyau.

Kuma a cikin manyan gonaki, an ajiye bayanan bayan an haifi. Ana ƙayyade calves ta hanyar kiwon lafiya da asali, kawai dabbobi masu lafiya tare da alamun nau'o'i da kuma iyayen kirki suna da damar hayar.

Noma ba shi da kyau, yana ƙara haran yara marasa ƙarfi.

Yawancin sha'anin shanu marar fata da fari sun cancanta, dabbobin sun tabbatar da kansu a manyan ɗakuna, gonaki masu zaman kansu, manyan dabbobi yoy suna maye gurbin dabbobin marasa abinci. Wannan nau'i mai ban mamaki yana da kyakkyawan makomar.