Daga cikin wakilan da ba su da yawa a mulkin mallakar, akwai wadanda aka samo asalin su daga lokacin da ake ci gaba da gandun dajin daji na Paleozoic.
Yadawa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, sun zama ka'idar da aka samo asali daga ƙasa, don haka an shirya yanayin yanayin shuke-shuken.
Daga cikinsu akwai ragowar babban salvinia.
Me yasa yaduwar ferns itace tsire-tsire?
Samun bambance-bambance akan ilimin halittar jiki (ciyawa mai kyau, ruwa da kuma bishiyar bishiyoyi) da mazauna (gandun daji, ruwa) duk paportnikovye sun lalace, inda namiji da mace gametophytes suka girma.
An kafa Seto a kai tsaye akan jikin shuka - tushe, ganye, kuma an tattara shi a kungiyoyi - sorus. An tsara siffofin sutura da sutura cikin salvines a matsayin bisexual, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
Tare da bayanin kimiyya, nau'in jigon tsuntsaye na furen yadu ne ya sami sunansa don girmama masanin kimiyyar Florentine da kuma dan Adam na cikin haske - Antonio Salvini.
Ɗaya daga cikin su - "Salvinia natans" - Salvinia ana iyo a cikin kogin Black Sea da kuma a Gabas ta Gabas.
Amma ainihin shuka a cikin vegetative manifestations Tartsatsi a cikin akwatin kifaye kiwo da wuri mai faɗi.
A zamanin yau akwai ƙananan furen bishiyoyi, kuma girmansu yana da ban dariya idan aka kwatanta da kakanni na farko - ba fiye da mita 15 ba. A yanke, ɓangaren wannan "itace" ba shi da wani zobba, kuma fopsic ferns sun fi dacewa a gefe. Sabili da haka, ko da mutuwa, injin ya kasance a matsayin goyon baya ga ƙananan takwarorinsu.
Dabbobi
Dukkan tsire-tsire na wannan jinsin sune:
- gabanin nau'i biyu - ganye da ruwa; ruwa na karkashin ruwa, yin aiki na tushen, ciyar da shuka da adana kayan abinci;
- rashin tushen tsarin;
- babban rayuwa, wanda shine samuwar sihiri;
- equatorial gametophyte da oboepolost;
- gaban kwayar halitta mai tsafta - keel (ƙwayar ruwa mai laushi);
- Shekaru na tsawon rai, banda shine- "Salvinia natans" (salvinia floating), wanda aka sake sabunta rayuwarsa kowace shekara.
Dangane da siffar da girman launuka, keel, yanki na asali, abubuwan da za a zaba a cikin zazzabi da ingancin yanayi, waɗannan nau'o'in wannan nau'i suna bambanta:
Ruwan ruwa
Ma'abuta subtropics da kuma yankin yankin Eurasia. An ci gaba sosai a t tarin ruwa daga 23 ° C da pH 6-7.5; yana da nau'i biyu na ganye (daga 0.5 zuwa 2.0 cm). Ƙananan suna kore, ƙananan suna launin ruwan kasa, kuma gashin kansu suna taimakawa wajen kulawa. Ana kirkiro keel tare da tsakiya, juya zuwa cikin Sikal. Abinda ya bambanta shi ne cewa a ƙarshen tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun mutu kuma sababbin shuke-shuke suna fitowa daga spores.
Ajiye hotuna Hotuna:
Yare
Gidajen gida: Yankuna na Afirka da Kudancin Amirka, mazaunin wuri ne mai sauƙin ruwa daga 25 ° C a pH 6-7.5. Ya bar daga 2 zuwa 5 cm, an tashe gefen ganye, ɓangaren ɓangaren ganye an rufe shi da papillae da gashi. Dael ke da kyau, yana bada juriya ga shuka. Ayyukan - sporocarp a kan branched kara. Shuka tare gashin kai yana shafi siffar ganye.
Hotunan hotuna da yawa:
Klobuchkovaya
Yankin asalin shi ne kudu maso gabashin Asia. Yanayin muhalli - thow ruwa daga 20 zuwa 30K, pH5-8. Ganye yana da bakin ciki, mai siffar siren, yana samar da daji har zuwa 2 cm tsayi. Hairs suna ba da wicking.
Daga kumbon iska ya bar azurfa. Kwan zuma yana da kyau, ya ba da kwanciyar hankali ga shuka. Feature - da fuskar takardar an rufe shi da papillae da gashi. Da gaske tsarkake ruwa, duckweed tsira.
Hotunan talla Klobuchkovaya:
Spruce
Gidajen gida: wurare masu zafi da yankuna na Amurka da Eurasia. Habitat - t @ ruwa daga 20 zuwa 30K, pH 6-7,5. Ƙananan rassan ne mai launin sutura, gashin gashi suna samar da bazawar komai ba. Daga iska kumfa - azurfa. Ana kirkiro keel tare da tsakiya, juya zuwa cikin Sikal. An samo shi a cikin yanayi mai sauƙi.
Hotuna masu tallafin Spruce:
Oblong (elongated)
Gidajen gida: kudu maso gabashin Asia. Yana bayyana a lokacin da t @ ruwa daga 20 zuwa 30K, pH 6-7,5.
Gilashin launi sun kasance nau'i-nau'i-nau'i da ƙuƙwalwa a raga, 2.5-4.5 cm tsawo, wanda shine sau 4 da nisa. Matsalar 0,5sm. Downy, ƙarƙashin ruwa har zuwa 20cm. Kiel mai iko, mai tsabta. Yana da mafi ado.
Abubuwan da ke tallafin Photo Oblong:
Ƙananan sauƙi
Gidajen gida: kudu maso gabashin Asia. An ci gaba sosai a t tarin ruwa daga 20 zuwa 30K, pH5-8. Ƙananan ƙananan (har zuwa 0.5 cm), m, ba mai ruwa ba; karkashin ruwa - a cikin nau'i mai tsawo. Keel yana da muhimmanci sosai fiye da wasu nau'in. Ciki kawai kifaye manufar.
Hotuna hotuna Small-leaved:
Ruiza
Gani mai dadi. Yaduwar yawan microspozo a kan megaspozan shi ne halayya, wani lokaci yana faruwa a matsayin anomaly na nau'in.
Hotuna na biyan kuɗi Rage:
Amfanin gida
A kan ƙasa na gida mai zaman kansa za'a iya shirya lambu akwatin kifaye - tafki na wucin gadi tare da ganuwar ganuwar, wanda aka ɗaga sama a ƙasa.Taimako zai iya zama tashar filawa don titi. Salvinia a cikin wannan tafki zai zama daidai: zai haifar da shading ga kifaye da sauran shuke-shuke daga hasken rana kai tsaye.
Mafi mahimmanci ra'ayi - salvinia na iyo, amma wasu nau'o'in suna jin dadi a cikin akwatin kifaye a karkashin yanayin da ke biyowa:
- m t® na ruwa a cikin iyakar shawarar (daga 20 zuwa 30K) tare da bambanci a yanayin da -5;
- sunadarai sunadarai: acidity - pH5-8; Girma -dH 4-15;
- isasshen haske (1-3 W / lita), musamman ma a lokacin girma (bazara-rani) ta yin amfani da furotin ko na jiki;
- sauki motsi na ruwa;
- yawancin yanayin iska (ƙaddarar yanayin yankin da ke cikin akwatin ɗakunan ajiya a cikin ɗakin, wanda bai kamata ya wuce 2%) ba;
- babu sanda a saman;
- sabuntawa na yau da kullum a cikin akwatin kifaye (a mako-mako - har zuwa kashi hudu na ƙarar).
Ba'a yi amfani da akwatin kifaye da salvines ba tare da gilashi, wanda zai iya samar da condensate maras kyau. Tsuntsaye mai tsabta kanta yana kare kariya daga tafkin ruwa na ruwa mai zurfi daga cikin ruwa.
Kiwo
Salvinia ya yi daidai kawai a hanyoyi biyu:
Tambayoyi
Yayin da sporulation, lokacin, a cikin fall, ya fita tare da sorus ya fada zuwa kasa don hunturu, kuma a spring, namiji da mace gametophytes karya ta, taso kan ruwa, da kuma sakamakon sakamakon hadi sabon shuke-shuke.
Vegetative
Hanyar kayan lambu samuwa a kowace shekara. Abun algorithm ya kunshi tada wasu buds a cikin rabuwa da wani ɓangare na shuka daga iyayensa.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, wani abu da ke taimakawa wajen samar da furanni na tsuntsaye na iya zama motsi na tsuntsaye ko jiragen ruwa a gefen tafki: a cikin motsi, suna janye gutsuttukan shuka, samar da samfurori don ci gaba da sababbin.
Tamanin tsire-tsire na yanki
Salvinia a matsayin ruwa na kifaye
- ruwa ruwa da kuma tsarkake shi daga nitrates da kuma karamin ƙarfe;
- Samar da tsari don kifi kifi;
- bayar da shading masu tsaro ga mazaunan akwatin kifaye;
- zama a matsayin "hutawa" ga amphibians (tritons);
Yi amfani da zane-zane
- ƙara inganta kayan ado na tafki na wucin gadi;
- yana inganta tsarkakewa da ruwa a cikin zurfin tafki da tafkunan;
- da kyau ado da bakin teku na tafki.
Kammalawa
Girman girma na wannan nau'in shuka, yana maida hankalin tafkin tafki aka lura kawai a cikin yanayin zafi.
A cikin kayan ado, salvinia kanta na iya shan wahala daga unguwa tare da sabo ne ko fadin da aka zuba a kasa: sun kara yawan abun da ke ciki.
Kwayar ruwa mai ban sha'awa yana da ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa don shirya aquarium ko kandami, amma kuma abu ne mai ban sha'awa don lura da yara, saboda dukan rayuwarsa yana iya samun damar fahimta.
Wasu ferns na ciki sun hada da: Pelley, Pteris, Cirtomium, Asplenium, Adiantum, Davallia, Blehnum, Nephrolepis, Polypodium, Platicerium, Uzhnik da Grozdnik.
