Pear ya san mutum ne na dogon lokaci. Bishiyoyi na farko sun bayyana a zamanin Girka da aka rarraba su, na farko kamar tsire-tsire, sannan kuma a matsayin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.
'Ya'yan itãcen pear suna da nau'o'in abubuwa masu amfani, a zamanin dā sun warke cututtuka da yawa tare da taimakonsu. Daya daga cikin tsofaffi kuma mafi shahararrun iri shine Forest Beauty.
Nan da nan ta sami nasarar karɓar ƙaunar lambu, kuma har yanzu tana jin dadi sosai. Irin wannan pear ne mafi yawan al'ada kuma yana girma a ko'ina.
Wani irin pears yana nufin?
Pear "Forest Beauty" ne mai kyau high-samar da gwaggwabar ribakaka iri-iri pears, tare da tarihin tarihi da yawa masu kyau.
Tare da taimakonsa, fiye da saba'in, sababbin nau'in pears da aka samu a yau.
Daga cikin nau'in kaka, ya kamata ku kula da Bere Bosk, Talgar kyakkyawa, Uralochka, Silent Don da Otradnenskaya.
Tarihin kiwo da yankin kiwo
Itacen wannan nau'in ya kasance gano ta hanyar hadari, a farkon karni na XIX. Found shi Chatillon a cikin gandun dajin Belgium, kusa da garin Alost.
'Ya'yan da ke girma akan wannan itace sun bambanta m dandano mai dadi, kuma ba da daɗewa ba a fara shuka su a cikin dukan gonaki na Belgium. Da iri-iri da sauri ya zama tartsatsi, kuma a ƙarshen karni na XIX. Ya tilasta fitar da dukkan nau'in pears, samuwa a wannan lokacin a Turai.
Pear "Forest Beauty" yana da sunayen da yawa: Alexandrina, Itacen Ita da Marie-Louise. Kodayake a Turai, ana dauke da Marie-Louise a matsayin nau'i daban-daban, ba tare da dangantaka da "Forest Beauty" ba.
An rarraba iri-iri a farkon farkon karni. North Caucasus da Lower Volga yankunan Rasha. Duk da haka, godiya ga ta sanyi hardiness, unpretentiousness da juriya fariWannan iri-iri ya sami karɓuwa a ƙasashe da yawa: Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, a cikin Baltic States da Asiya ta Tsakiya.
A wa annan yankuna iri iri na Victoria, Kupava, Lemonka, Lira da Rossoshanskaya Dessert suna da kyau.
Pear "Forest Beauty": hoto da bayanin irin nau'ikan
Tree a "Forest Beauty" matsakaici zuwa tsayi, da sauri girma.
Krone m, m pyramidal, ba karfi da foliated. Haushi yana da launin toka, m. A harbe suna da karfi, madaidaiciya, lokacin farin ciki, burgundy.
Buds ne ƙananan, dan kadan silvery. Ganye suna da matsakaici a cikin girman, duhu mai duhu, tare da dogon petiole da gefen gefuna.
Furen ƙananan ne, ruwan hoda da fari, tare da ƙananan ƙananan rawanuka. Zai iya girma a matsayin ƙananan nau'i na 6-10, ko ɗaya ɗaya.
Tsuntsaye "Kyawawan Daji" a watan Afrilu da Mayu. Wani fasali na wannan iri-iri shine cikakkiyar rashin hankali ga sanyi lokacin flowering.
'Ya'yan itãcen kyakkyawa ba su da yawa, kimanin kimanin 120-150 grams, wani lokacin har zuwa 300 grams. A siffar, suna kama da nau'i mai nau'i. Fata ne na bakin ciki, amma mai yawa, dan kadan m.
A farkon balagar 'ya'yan itace, yana da kore, kuma lokacin da cikakke shi rawaya ne, tare da duhu sassan subcutaneous da red tan a gefen rana.
Jiki shine rawaya, mai taushi sosai, mai sauƙi da taushi, dan kadan, mai kyau mai dadi..
Na gode da ita babban dandano kayan zaki Wadannan pears suna cinyewa sau da yawa, amma ana iya amfani da su don cin abinci ko kuma jam.
Don ƙarin bayani game da iri-iri da kuma ganin pears "Forest Beauty" na iya zama a cikin hoton da ke ƙasa:
Halaye
"Tsuntsu na Daji" - musamman sanyi-resistant sa. Watakila don tsayayya yanayin zafi zuwa -45-50 Сda kuma la'akari mafi yawan tauraron hunturu na dukan iri na Turai. A cikin Rasha, wannan nau'in ya bunƙasa a cikin yanayin yanayi mai tsananin zafi.
Hakan ya nuna irin wannan nauyin hunturu kamar irin Muscovite, Skorospelka daga Michurinsk, Chizhovskaya, Lel da Sverdlovchanka.
Wani muhimmin amfani da kyau shi ne high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Yana fructifies barga da kuma shekara. Sai dai kawai dangane da yawancin amfanin gona, ana lura da lokaci
Idan wannan shekara mai girbi ya wadata, to, gaba - da yawa ƙasa. Fruiting fara Shekaru 5-7 bayan saukowa, kuma a lõkacin da grafting a kan Quince - by 4-5.
Fara ripening a ranar 20th Agusta. Abin baƙin cikin shine, "Kyauwar Kyau" yana da sauri zuwa azumi, fall da lalacewar 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Saboda haka girbi ne mafi alhẽri don fara kwanaki 8-10 kafin su cikakken maturation. Amma a wannan yanayin, ana adana 'ya'yan itatuwa na tsawon lokaci, kawai 15-20 days.
Nauyin pears suna nuna kyakkyawan ƙwaya: Hera, Lada, Yara, Decakrinka, Vernaya da Noyabrskaya.
Dasa da kulawa
Abin da ke ciki na ƙasa ba shi da kyau, amma zai yi girma a kan m, sako-sako da yashi loams ko loams.
Wurin don "Forest Beauty" dace rana da kyau sosai, tare da raguwar ƙasa. Kafin dasa shuki, a hankali ka tono ƙasa, cire weeds da lemun tsami.
Don dasa itace ya kamata ya zama wuri mai dindindin. Za a iya aiwatar da shi saukowa a spring (Mayu) da kaka (farkon Oktoba). A kusa a lokaci guda yana da muhimmanci don shuka nau'in pollinating.
Pear "Kiwon Kyau" da kansa kawai ba a san shi kawai ba. Don amfanin gona mai kyau, akwai masu yawan pollinators irin su Josephine Mechelnskaya, Limonka, Williams.
Shirya rami don saukowa a gaba. Dole ne su kasance zurfi ba kasa da 1-1.2 m da nisa daga kimanin 0.8 m.
A kasan rami ya samo cakuda ƙasa mai cinye, 20 kilogiram na humus, 0.2 kilogiram na superphosphate, 0.1 kilogiram na potassium sulfate da buckets biyu na yashi mai yatsa. Sa'an nan kuma lita 30 na ruwa wanda aka hade da kilogira'in na dolomite ana zuba cikin ramin kuma ya bar ya tsaya har mako guda.
Bayan haka, an sanya koshin garter cikin rami, kuma an sanya seedling. An ƙone shi da ƙananan ƙwayar ƙasa, tabbatar da cewa ƙwanƙolin wuyansa ƙananan cm ne a ƙasa.
Sanya a kusa da seedling da hankali rammed kuma barin karamin rami.
Sa'an nan itacen ya kyauta an rataye shi da tsaka, da shayar da ruwa da kuma cike da ƙasa tare da busassun humus ko lafiya sawdust.
Dole a biya karin kulawa don shayar da itace. A cikin 'yan shekarun farko, kafin a fara farawa, an shayar da ita. akalla sau 5 a shekara, sannan kuma an rage shi zuwa sau 2-3.
Bayan kowace irin bango ne wajibi ne don sassauta da ƙin ƙasa.
Kada a shayar da kananan bishiyoyi a tushen. Mafi kyau a nesa na 15-20 cm daga gangar jikin don tono karamin madauri madauri, zurfin kimanin 20 cm, kuma zuba ruwa a can.
Takin gargajiya fara farawa a shekara ta biyu bayan saukowa.
A farkon spring, ana amfani da takin mai magani (3 tablespoons na urea da lita 15 na ruwa), kuma a watan Satumba potassium phosphorus taki za a iya amfani.
A lokacin 'ya'yan itace Ana amfani da takin mai magani sau da yawa, kimanin sau 3-4 a shekara. An fara cin abinci na farko a farkon watan Mayu, na biyu - a farkon flowering, na uku - a lokacin lokacin girbi da na huɗu - bayan ɗaukar 'ya'yan itatuwa.
Zaka iya amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire tare da masu bunkasa girma. Ayyukan itace suna aiki sosai Wood ash bayani: 2 tbsp. a kan guga na ruwan zãfi (sanyi da damuwa).
A lokacin da dasa shuki seedlings ciyar da farko formative pruning. Don yin wannan, tsakiya na jikin itace ya raunata saboda haka Sakamakon ya kasance 25 cm mafi girma da tips daga cikin manyan rassan, da kuma wadannan An yanke rassan zuwa 1/3 dari.
A shekara ta biyu, duk manyan rassan da gangar jikin rage ta 15-20 cm An cigaba da yin pruning a kowace shekara: spring da kaka.
A cikin bazara, zaka iya yin karamin pruning don kula da kamannin kambi, kuma a cikin lahira ka yanke tsohon, da waxannan cututtuka ko lalacewar lalacewa.
Kowane shekaru 3 na bishiyoyi masu girma, suna amfani da tsire-tsire masu tsufa: cire dried rassan da thickening kambi harbe.
"Tsuntsu na Daji" sosai sanyi-resistant kuma baya buƙatar wrapping domin hunturu. Yana da muhimmanci a dogara da kare gangar jikin daga lalacewar ta hanyar hares da ƙuda. Don yin wannan, dace da yatsan nailan mai karfi, a nannade a kasa na ganga.
Mahimman abubuwa a kula da "Forest Beauty" shine kariya daga cuta. Abin takaici, wannan mai girma a kowane hali iri-iri yana shafar scab.
Cututtuka da kwari
//selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html - Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin cututtukan fungal da suka fi kowa da haɗari na pears. Sau da yawa wannan naman gwari yana rinjayar ba kawai ganye ba, har ma harbe da 'ya'yan itatuwa. Zaka iya ganin shi ta hanyar bayyanar a gefen ɗigon leaflet a fili bayyane launin rawaya.
Daga cikin nau'o'in da suka dace zuwa scab, ya kamata ku kula da Severianska Krasnoshchekuyu, Oryol Beauty, Oryol Summer, M Efimova da Marble.
Bayan kadan daga baya, spots darken kuma ya rufe shi da farin furen fari. Matasa harbe suna samar da zurfi tare da wannan patina.
'Ya'yan itãcen marmari an rufe shi da ƙananan ƙananan duhu tare da iyakar farar hula. A tsawon lokaci, sun zama maras kyau, fashe kuma sun fadi.
Wannan naman gwari ya ɓace a cikin tsofaffi ya bar ganye da haushi.
Don hana kamuwa da cuta, ya wajaba a rike rassan ganye da bushe, cire tsohuwar haushi daga harbe da rassan kuma gudanar da yaduwar shuka sau uku a shekara.
An fara yin maganin farko a farkon kullin kodan tare da maganin 4% na Bordeaux cakuda, na biyu - bayan karshen flowering kuma riga an samu bayani na kashi 1, kuma na uku - 3 makonni bayan flowering.
Idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru, to, Zaka iya kokarin aiwatar da ƙasa a karkashin itace 10% ammonium nitrate. Amma bayan girbi, kuma hana wannan bayani daga fadowa a kan katako da rassan shuka.
Idan a lokacin da za a gudanar da dukkan matakan da ake bukata, to, ku yi girma Forest Forest a shafinku ba wuya.
Abubuwan da babu shakka ga wannan iri-iri sune:
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- matsananci sanyi juriya;
- rashin kwanciyar hankali a barin tafiye-tafiye zuwa ƙasa;
- babban 'ya'yan itace.
Abubuwan rashin amfani sune:
- yalwatawa don ripen da suma 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- Sanda mai sauƙi.
Duk da haka, "Forest Beauty" ba daidai ba ne ya rasa rawar da aka yi a tsakanin masu aikin lambu kuma har yanzu ana samunsa akan wasu makircin dacha.
