Tun zamanin d ¯ a, itacen apple yana daya daga cikin itatuwan 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban sha'awa a kusan kowace gonar lambu da kayan lambu. Duk da haka, zabar nau'in apple iri-iri, yana da mahimmanci a mayar da hankali kan yanayin yanayin damin yankin da za'a dasa itace, kan juriya sanyi, yawan amfanin ƙasa, da dai sauransu.
Sabili da haka, zamuyi la'akari da siffofi, siffofi na musamman da nau'o'in nau'in 'ya'yan apples apples masu kyau, wadanda ake nufi don namo a tsakiyar Rasha. Dubi amfani da bidiyo mai ban sha'awa akan batu.
Ayyukan
Ya kamata ku sani cewa, ta hanyar juriya sanyi, bishiyoyin apple suna rarraba zuwa hunturu da kuma bazara. Saboda haka, mutane da dama masu shahararrun lambu sukan yi girma a lokacin hunturu da kuma rani na itatuwan apple a lambunsu. Wannan shawara ne mai mahimmanci, saboda gaskiyar cewa ba dukkanin rassan tsire-tsire ba za su iya tsira da sanyi.
A matsayinka na mulkin, itatuwan apple suna bazara a lokacin rani, suna samar da 'ya'yan da ba su da alaƙa ga ajiyar lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, idan hunturu zai kasance mai tsanani, to, irin waɗannan itatuwan zasu mutu.
Da yake jawabi game da irin nau'o'in apples na tsakiya a tsakiyar Rasha, ana iya lura da wasu fasaloli da dama da ke ba su damar amfani da bishiyoyin rani.:
- Wannan jinsin yana da babban mataki na sanyi juriya.
- Irin wannan apples za a iya adanar da dogon lokaci ba tare da rasa wata alama mai kyau da dandano ba.
- Bã su da matsanancin matsanancin hunturu, wanda ke nufin juriya ga gishiri mai karfi.
- Yana da sauƙi don jure yanayin zafi mai sauƙi wanda ya faru bayan narke.
- Lokacin girbi na ƙarshe (a watan Satumba, Oktoba, wani lokaci har ma a Nuwamba).
Yadda zaka zabi?
Rasha ta zama ƙasa mai zurfi a duniya, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yanayin hawan yanayi na yankuna daban-daban ya bambanta. Alal misali, gaskiyar cewa yana girma da kyau kuma yana da 'ya'ya a Voronezh bai dace da girma a Smolensk ba.
Bisa ga wannan ka'ida, ya kamata mutum ya dace da zabi itatuwan apple don dasa shuki. A matsayin mai mulkin Irin kayan Apple da suka fi dacewa da namo a cikin wani yanki ana sayar da su a cikin gidaje..
Turawa a cikin yankin tsakiya na Rasha ya hada da fitowar wasu matsalolin. Musamman ma, yana da yanayi na yanayi na zamani, wanda ke da dusar ƙanƙara, maimakon hunturu sanyi da dumi, zafi mai zafi.
Saboda haka, bayan yanke shawarar fara girma apples a tsakiyar sashen na Rasha Federation, wanda ya kamata la'akari da yanayin hunturu na daya ko wani iri-iri. A lokaci guda kuma, ya kamata a lura cewa itatuwan bishiyoyi 'yan itace ne masu yawan gaske ga wannan yankin.
Musamman iri: bayanin da halaye na kowane
A halin yanzu, akwai adadi mai kyau na irin tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire a tsakiyar yankin Rasha. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan itatuwa suna rarraba cikin gida da kuma kasashen waje. Yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri:
Antonovka - Wannan iri-iri yana da tarihin wadatacce kuma an dade yana girma a Rasha. Musamman ma ya dafa da kuma samar da apples na wannan jinsin a tsakiyar lane.Suna da launin launi mai haske da kuma ƙanshi mai dadi sosai. Jiki yana da nauyin rubutu mai laushi da launin launi. A dandano Antonovka ne mai dadi da m.
A matsayinka na mulkin, 'ya'yan itace zasu fara bayan shekaru 7 na girma. Yana da muhimmanci a lura cewa irin wadannan itatuwan apple suna da matukar tsayayya ga cututtuka daban-daban, marasa lafiya da kuma jurewa ko da matsananciyar sanyi.
Kuban-spur - apples of this variety zuwa wani taro na kimanin 170 g. suna da kyau sosai bayyanar, wanda yake halin da zagaye, dan kadan siffar ba tare da ribbing.A lokacin girbi, apples na wannan iri-iri suna da launi mai laushi, amma a cikin tsarin ripening sun sayi wani haske mai dadi, wanda ya sa suka fi kyau.
Naman jiki mai yawa ne, launin toka mai haske. Yana da dandano mai dadi.
Daga cikin siffofin da suka fi muhimmanci na itatuwan apple iri-iri "Kuban-Spur" wanda zai iya lura da yawan amfanin gona mai girma, karamin kambi, da kuma daidaitawa zuwa girma a yankin yankin tsakiyar yankin Rasha.
"Jonathan"- Itacen bishiyoyi na wannan jinsin suna da amfani da yawa mai yawa. Yawan amfanin gona yakan zo a kan shekaru 5 na girma.Wannan nau'in yana nuna yawan nau'i mai yaduwa ga cututtuka, kazalika da damun hunturu. Cikakken karuwa yana ci gaba kuma yana ficewa a cikin tsakiyar yankin Rasha.
A girman, 'ya'yan itatuwa suna girma girma da matsakaici. Suna da launin kore-kore tare da mai haske ja. A lokacin da girbi, apples na irin wannan na iya samun "m" net.
Jiki yana da m, yana da dandano mai tsami mai mahimmanci da rubutun crunchy.
Welsey - Itacen bishiyoyi na wannan nau'i suna girma da kyau a tsakiya. A apples ne zagaye, girma matsakaici size. Suna da halayyar launi.'Ya'yan itãcen marmari suna da launi mai launi tare da haske mai haske. Bugu da kari, jiki da kanta yana da zafi, tare da ƙananan ƙanshi da ƙanshi wanda ba a taɓa mantawa da shi ba.
Yawancin lokaci, irin wannan apple ya fara daukar 'ya'ya shekaru 5 bayan dasa. Yana da kyau hunturu hardiness da juriya cututtuka.
Lobo - wani shahararrun iri-iri na hunturu apple itatuwa. Yana da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya-kore. Har ila yau, a kan apples ana jin dadi.Jiki yana da kyakkyawan tsari a cikin fararen. Yana da ƙanshi mai dadi sosai.
Duk da haka, wannan nau'in apples ne mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci don kai 'ya'yan itace da sauri.
A halin yanzu, yana da mashahuri a kasashe da yawa, kuma ya samu nasarar girma a yankunan tsakiya na Rasha.
Antonovka - Wannan iri-iri yana da tarihin wadatacce kuma an dade yana girma a Rasha. Musamman ma ya dafa da kuma samar da apples na wannan jinsin a tsakiyar lane.
Kuban-spur - apples of this variety zuwa wani taro na kimanin 170 g. suna da kyau sosai bayyanar, wanda yake halin da zagaye, dan kadan siffar ba tare da ribbing.
"Jonathan"- Itacen bishiyoyi na wannan jinsin suna da amfani da yawa mai yawa. Yawan amfanin gona yakan zo a kan shekaru 5 na girma.
Welsey - Itacen bishiyoyi na wannan nau'i suna girma da kyau a tsakiya. A apples ne zagaye, girma matsakaici size. Suna da halayyar launi.
Lobo - wani shahararrun iri-iri na hunturu apple itatuwa. Yana da launin rawaya mai launin rawaya-kore. Har ila yau, a kan apples ana jin dadi.Dokokin kulawa na gari
Yana da mahimmanci a fahimtar cewa naman iri iri iri yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau. Sabili da haka, a halin yanzu, ana iya kasancewa manyan hanyoyin kula da itacen bishiya a matsayin jerin masu biyowa:
Whitewashing da akwati - Ana gudanar da wannan tsari a karshen Fabrairu don kare kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma a cikin bazara, domin kare itacen daga kwari.Nauyin farar fata yana nuna hasken hasken rana, wanda zai taimaka kare itacen daga overheating.
Wajibi ne don tsabtace tsofaffi da matasa bishiyoyi. A matsayin kayan aiki na whitewashing, zaka iya amfani da bayani da aka tanadar a gida, ko zanen sayen da aka tsara don wannan dalili.
Muhimmiyar: Daidaitaccen abun ciki bai dace ba.
Jiyya na lalacewar da aka haifar a cikin hunturu - Wannan aikin yana faruwa ne tsakanin tsakiyar watan Maris. Wajibi ne a hankali a bincika tushe na gangar jikin don kasancewar burbushin kwayoyi. Idan ɓangaren ya lalace sosai, ramuka a kan haushi za'a iya rufe shi da lambun lambun. A yayin da lalacewar ta zurfi, to sai an yi amfani da takarda.Har ila yau, sakamakon sanyi, za a iya hallaka hawan itacen apple. Wannan yanayin ya nuna kansa a cikin nau'i mai launin ruwan kasa a kan akwati, kuma a lokaci guda haushi ya fara yankan itace. A wannan yanayin, kuma ya yi amfani da farar lambun lambun ko shinge.
Pruning apple itatuwa - a kowace shekara a lokacin bazara ya wajaba don tsabtace itatuwan apple don tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau da haskaka itacen kambi, da kuma girbi mai kyau a nan gaba.- Kwanciyar kwaro na kwaro - wannan hanya an yi a cikin bazara a cikin matakai da yawa:
1st a watan Maris (kafin zuwan buds) - an yadu itace tare da sinadaran.- 2nd a watan Afrilu - zaka iya shigar da belt na musamman a kan bishiyar, wanda shine kayan aiki mai mahimmanci wajen yaki da ƙwayoyin kwari.
Tip: Idan buds sun riga ya bayyana, yana da kyau don cire kwari da hannu, kamar yadda spraying iya cutar cutar kwari pollinators.
- 3rd a ƙarshen May - sake zaku iya fesa bishiyoyi.
Top dressing apple itatuwa - da aka gudanar a watan Afrilu. Don yin wannan, an yi fossa ashirin da centimita a kusa da kambi, inda aka yi amfani da gwargwadon gine-gine masu nau'in. Bukatar da ake bukata shine ya fada barci. Wannan ciyar shine yawancin shekaru 2-3.
Whitewashing da akwati - Ana gudanar da wannan tsari a karshen Fabrairu don kare kariya daga hasken rana kai tsaye da kuma a cikin bazara, domin kare itacen daga kwari.
Jiyya na lalacewar da aka haifar a cikin hunturu - Wannan aikin yana faruwa ne tsakanin tsakiyar watan Maris. Wajibi ne a hankali a bincika tushe na gangar jikin don kasancewar burbushin kwayoyi. Idan ɓangaren ya lalace sosai, ramuka a kan haushi za'a iya rufe shi da lambun lambun. A yayin da lalacewar ta zurfi, to sai an yi amfani da takarda.
Pruning apple itatuwa - a kowace shekara a lokacin bazara ya wajaba don tsabtace itatuwan apple don tabbatar da samun iska mai kyau da haskaka itacen kambi, da kuma girbi mai kyau a nan gaba.
1st a watan Maris (kafin zuwan buds) - an yadu itace tare da sinadaran.
Top dressing apple itatuwa - da aka gudanar a watan Afrilu. Don yin wannan, an yi fossa ashirin da centimita a kusa da kambi, inda aka yi amfani da gwargwadon gine-gine masu nau'in. Bukatar da ake bukata shine ya fada barci. Wannan ciyar shine yawancin shekaru 2-3.Duba bidiyo game da kulawa apple:
Kammalawa
Ana iya lura cewa a yau adadin 'ya'yan itacen hunturu da ke girma a yankin tsakiya na Rasha suna da matukar shahara saboda yawancin yawan amfanin ƙasa, da kuma dandano na musamman. Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne samar da kulawa ta dace ga itacen bishiya sannan kuma zai ji dadin ku da 'ya'yan itatuwa masu ban mamaki a duk shekara.
