Ƙasa

Mene ne nau'in ƙasa

Ga mai kula da lambu da kuma lambu, mahimmin mahimmanci shine ingancin ƙasar a cikin shirinsa.

Daban-daban iri na ƙasa an bambanta da halaye masu zuwa:

  • tsarin;
  • da ikon yin iska;
  • hygroscopicity;
  • zafin rana;
  • yawa;
  • acidity;
  • saturation tare da micro da macro abubuwa, Organic.
Yin aiki da kayan lambu game da nau'o'in alamu da halaye zasu ba ka damar zabar albarkatun gona na noma a gonar, karba takin mai magani da kuma shirya tsarin aikin agrotechnological.

Clayey


Wannan ƙasa ce mai girma, tsarin da aka lalata, yana dauke da yumɓu 80%, yana ɗanɗana mai tsanani kuma ya sake ruwa. Rashin iska ya wuce, wanda zai jinkirta lalata kwayoyin halitta a ciki. Lokacin da rigar m, m, filastik. Daga gare ta, zaka iya mirgina wani bar 15-18 cm tsawo, wanda shine sauƙi, ba tare da fasa, yi birgima a cikin zobe. Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da ƙasa mai laushi. Zai yiwu a inganta alamun masana'antu na yumbu a cikin matakai, fiye da yanayi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Don mafi kyau dumama daga cikin gadaje a yankunan clayey, an kafa su sosai, yawancin tsaba basu da yawa a cikin ƙasa. A cikin kaka, kafin zuwan frosts, sun narke a ƙasa, kada su karya wuta.
Ana inganta waɗannan ƙasashe ta hanyar bayar da gudummawa:
  • lemun tsami don rage acidity da inganta habitawa - 0.3-0.4 kg da mita mita. m, sanya a cikin kaka;
  • yashi don mafi kyau danshi musayar, ba fiye da 40 kg / square mita;
  • peat don rage yawan yawa, ƙãra girma;
  • ash don saturation tare da ma'adanai;
  • taki, takin don replenish Organic reserves, 1.5-2 buckets da square mita. m a kowace shekara.
Peat da ash bada taimako ba tare da ƙuntatawa ba.

Irin wannan ƙasa dole ne a rabu da shi a hankali kuma a cike shi. Girma na tushen, da bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi tare da tushen tushen tsarin yayi girma sosai a kan laka.

Shin kuna sani? Red inabi na fasahar fasaha "Merlot" ya yi girma a kan yumɓu mai yumɓu mai laushi na Pomerol, yanki mafi girma na ruwan inabi na Faransa, lardin Bordeaux.

Loamy

Ya kasance kamar kamfu, amma tare da mafi kyawun halaye na noma. Loam, idan kana son ganin abin da yake, shi ne ƙasa, wanda kuma za a iya jujjuya shi a cikin wani wuri mai dumi a cikin tsiran alade kuma ya shiga cikin zobe. Wani samfurin ƙasa mai laushi yana riƙe da siffar, amma fasa. Launi na loam ya danganta da impurities kuma zai iya zama baki, launin toka, launin ruwan kasa, ja da rawaya.

Dangane da tsaka-tsakin acidity, abun da aka daidaita (yumbu - 10-30%, yashi da sauran impurities - 60-90%), loam yana da kyau da kuma duniya, dace da girma kusan dukkanin amfanin gona. An rarraba tsarin ƙasa ta hanyar tsari mai kyau, wadda ta ba da izini ta kasance mai laushi, ta kwashe iska sosai. Dangane da gauraye mai yumɓu da yumɓu yana da ruwa.

Don kula da haihuwa na loams yi:

  • mulching;
  • Samar da amfanin gona tare da takin mai magani;
  • gabatar da taki don kaka digging.

Sandy

Haske, kwalliya, ƙasa mai yashi mai yashi yana dauke da babban yashi, baya riƙe dashi da na gina jiki.

Abubuwan da suka dace na sandstones sun hada da high breathability da m warming. A kan wannan ƙasa girma sosai:

  • 'ya'yan itace da bishiyoyi;
  • inabi.
  • strawberries;
  • karas;
  • albasa;
  • currant;
  • shuke-shuke na kabewa iyali.
Don ƙara yawan amfanin ƙasa a ƙarƙashin amfanin gona sa kayan lambu da ma'adinai masu ma'adinai.

Sanding za a iya horar da shi ta hanyar yin amfani da haɓakawa na dankowa:

  • peat;
  • humus;
  • hakowa da gari.
Yana da muhimmanci! Amfani mai kyau na "kore taki" - koren kore don inganta yanayin ƙasar. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne da aka shuka a kan shafin, sannan kuma suka haƙa, suna barin cikin duhu da kuma tushen asali. Misalai na siderats: Clover, vetch, alfalfa, waken soya, sainfoin.
Hanyoyi na inganta tsarin siginar da kuma saturates shi da kwayoyin da ma'adinai.

Don ajiye albarkatun, akwai wata hanya ta shirya kayan gadaje - gidan yumbu.

A maimakon wurin gadaje, an saka kwanin yumbu na 5-6 cm, a saman abin da ake amfani dashi na ƙasa mai laushi - loam, ƙasa mai laushi, ƙasa mai yashi na yashi, inda aka shuka tsire-tsire. A Layer yumbu zai rike danshi da abubuwan gina jiki. Idan babu wata ƙasa mai laushi don tsaftace gadaje, ana iya maye gurbinsu tare da ingantaccen ma'aunin gishiri mai haɗuwa tare da additives don danko da haihuwa.

Sandy

Don ƙayyade irin wannan ƙasa, zamu yi ƙoƙarin yin jaka daga damp earth. Sandy ƙasa yada zuwa cikin ball, amma ba ya aiki a mirgine a cikin wani mashaya. Sashin yashi a ciki shine har zuwa 90%, yashi har zuwa 20%. Wani misali na abin da kasa take da ba sa buƙatar kuɗi da dogon lokaci. Matsakaicin yana da ƙananan sauƙi, warms sama da sauri, yana riƙe da zafi sosai, danshi da kwayoyin halitta, yana da sauƙin sauƙaƙe.

Wajibi ne don zabi iri iri iri don dasa shuki da kuma kula da takin gargajiya:

  • aikace-aikace na ma'adinai da takin gargajiya;
  • mulching da kore taki.

Mai kulawa

Kasashen wannan jinsin na iya zama haske da nauyi, abubuwan da ba su da amfani sune:

  • talauci - ƙananan matakan gina jiki;
  • low acidity;
  • rockiness;
  • saurin bushewa
Inganta wannan ƙasa:

  • kayan aiki na potash;
  • ammonium sulphate da urea ƙara karfin acidity;
  • mulching;
  • layi;
  • aikace-aikace na takin gargajiya.
Don riƙe da danshi, dole ne a yi gyare-gyaren kasa a hankali akai-akai.

Shin kuna sani? Ƙwayar innabi ta tsiro a kan ƙasa mai kyau na Champagne "Sauvignon Blanc" kuma "Chardonnay", wanda ya sa sanannen giya mai ban mamaki a duniya.

Peat

Wadannan kasa suna da high acidity, kadan dumi, na iya zama swampy.

A lokaci guda, suna da sauƙin noma. Inganta kayan jiki da sunadarai na peat ko filin marshy na bada damar gabatar da:

  • yashi, yumɓu gari - don yin rigakafi da saukad da su a cikin ƙasa yankin yana da zurfin haƙa;
  • takin gargajiya - takin, slurry;
  • additattun kwayoyin halitta - don gaggauta haɓaka kwayoyin halitta;
  • potassium phosphate da takin mai magani.
Samar da itatuwan lambu da aka samar a cikin rami tare da loam ko sauran ƙasa mai kyau.

Currant, guzberi, dutse ash, da kuma yawan 'ya'yan itace strawberry yawan amfanin ƙasa a kan peat kasa.

Chernozems

Ana la'akari da su don kula da kayansu. Yana da tsarin lumpy-grainy. Dogon riƙe dumi. Very m, dauke da yawa humus da ma'adanai, amma buƙatar yin amfani da kyau:

  • da takin mai magani da kuma koren maiya suna amfani da su don hana hasarar su;
  • don rage yawancin ƙasa, peat da yashi;
  • don gyara daidaitattun ƙarancin acid ya sanya kariyan ma'adinai masu dacewa.
Idan kana so ka kara yawan amfanin gonar ka, duba tsarin tsarin taki domin kasa.
Yin amfani da ka'idodin aikin noma da fasaha, zaka iya inganta yanayin ƙasa na kowane irin.