Lambun lambun lambu na iri-iri na Tsaritsa basu da fitattun kayan aiki da masu girma dabam. Amma wannan bai hana masu shayarwa sanin asalin sarautarta ba. Babban ab advantagesbuwan amfãni na wannan Berry shine juriya na damuwa, tsari mai jituwa da haɗuwa da dandano da ruwan sanyi.
Tarihin namowar strawberries Tsaritsa
An buga iri-iri a cikin yanayin damina na yankin Bryansk, a tashar gwaji na Kokinsky na VSTISP. An samo Sarauniyar ta hanyar tsallake Red Gontlet da Venta. Wadannan nau'ikan strawberries sun fito ne daga Scotland da Lithuania. Abubuwan halayensu masu mahimmanci - enviable hard hard hunturu, 'ya'yan itatuwa masu santsi da juriya daga kwari da cututtuka - suma an canza su zuwa Tsaritsa iri-iri.
Haske, fruitsa -an itace masu kama-da-kullun - fasalin nau'ikan Tsaritsa
Marubucin ire-ire, Likita na Scilana Svetlana Dmitrievna Aytzhanova, ya yi imanin cewa wannan itacen yana gwada kyau tare da halayenta, kuma yana da ƙanshin ƙanshi da wadataccen abu mai mahimmanci, wanda ya cancanta don sufuri.
An hada nau'o'in a cikin Bayanan Bayanan Kula da Ciwon Mulki na Jiha. Nagari don namo a cikin mãkirci na lambu a cikin yanayin canjin yanayin yanki na Yankin Tsakiya na Rasha.
Bayani iri-iri na Sarauniya
Bayyanar halaye da dandano:
- bushes na shuka suna daɗaɗɗe-nesa, na tsayi matsakaici;
- ganye ne m, kusan ba tare da pubescence, taushi, tare da denticles zagaye
- fararen furanni, bisexual, ba wanda ya fi matakin bunƙasa girma;
- berries na tsari daidai, kusan girman guda, m;
- jiki ya zama ja, lokacin da overripe, ya zama duhu ja;
- dandano mai daɗi ne-mai tsami, abun cikin sukari - har zuwa 10%, acid - 0.9%;
- ƙanshin yana da ƙarfi.
Strawberry Tsaritsa za a iya sanya shi cikin aminci ga nau'ikan manufar duniya.
Siffofin iri-iri - mai laushi, mai cike da ja mai kyau tare da jigilar kayayyaki masu kyau - suna sa a yi amfani da shi, gami da ayyukan kasuwanci.
Sarauniyar tana ba da berries na tsari daidai, wanda ke da kyawawan abubuwan hawa.
Yawan aiki
Lokacin dawowar aiki na wannan tsiro na itace shekaru 2-3 ne. A cewar masu lambu, a cikin mafi yawan shekaru masu nasara tare da yanayin yanayin da ya dace, tare da cikakken kiyaye ka'idoji don kula da strawberries, aƙalla 500 g na berries ana iya tattara su daga kurmi ɗaya. Amma tare da tsufa, yawan amfanin ƙasa yawanci yana raguwa zuwa 350 g.
Mafi kyawun amfanin gona yana faruwa a cikin shekaru 3 na farko
Halayen sa
Sarauniya na kayan lambu na lambu
- farkon berries a cikin kaka suna yin nauyi zuwa 40-50 g, 'ya'yan itaciyar masu zuwa suna girma akan matsakaici har zuwa 13-15 g;
- matsakaita yawan amfanin ƙasa da dama daga 99 kg / ha zuwa 130 kg / ha;
- lokacin fitowar - matsakaici (babban fruiting yana faruwa ne a watan Yuni);
- da yiwuwar haifuwa - ta hanyar tsaba, gashin-baki (ƙari daidai - rosettes);
- buds don girbi na gaba sun girma a watan Agusta;
- lokacin hunturu - ƙarfi;
- fari juriya - high;
- tsayayya da cututtukan fungal - babba;
- juriya ga ticks, slugs - babba.
Ka'idojin girma
Don nasarar namo iri iri, yana da mahimmanci a bi ƙa'idodin dasa shuki da kulawa waɗanda masu shayarwa suka bunkasa. Da farko, ya kamata a hankali a zabi shafin don gadaje na strawberry. Domin ta raba:
- lebur, wanda iska ke hura shi da yanki mai faɗi;
- matsakaicin filin budewa (don wannan, kimanin mita 10 daga murhun daji ba sa shuka tsayi, kada sanya gine-gine da shinge).
A wasu halaye, yanki mai haɓaka kaɗan ya halatta, yayin da yake da mahimmanci a tabbatar cewa ruwan ba ya tsayawa a tushen. Idan ka dasa shuki a cikin Berry, a wuri mai narkewa, tabbas zai ji rauni kuma ya bayar da rauni, karamin amfanin gona.
Kasar
Loaƙƙarfan loamy ƙasa tare da abubuwan gina jiki sun fi dacewa:
- a kan yumbu da ƙasa mai nauyi, inji zai buƙaci gudanar da magudanar ruwa - yana da mahimmanci don ƙara yashi mai laushi don tono;
- a kan kasa mai yashi za ku buƙaci a kalla guga na ciyawar saniya da taushi, gilashin itace ash da g 60 na urea da 1 m. mita murabba'i.
Za'a iya ƙara waɗannan kayan haɗin ƙasa a cikin lokacin digging na kaka na gadaje. Idan ya cancanta, ana gabatar da wakili mai lalacewa a cikin ƙasa.
A cewar masu lambu, ƙasa mafi kyau don girma strawberries ita ce ƙasa loamy mai sauƙi tare da abubuwan gina jiki
Saukowa
A cikin bazara, an tsabtace strawberries daga tsofaffin plantings a cikin mafaka, matattun sassan tsirrai, sannan a kwance duniya a kewayen bushes kuma a ciyar da su.
Lingsauren da aka shirya don sabon shuka ana shuka su ne a watan Afrilu ko Satumba. Amma Afrilu dasa ne mafi abin dogara, tun da seedlings kai tushen da sauri kuma nan da nan da girma girma.
Spring dasa na strawberries ne mafi abin dogara saboda mafi rayuwa
Ana shuka tsire-tsire a sako-sako da takaddun humus da takin ma'adinai na nitrogen. Jerin ayyukan:
- Sanya ramuka daban ko tsagi zuwa zurfin Tushen tsire-tsire.
- Tabbatar yada tushen seedlings a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban.
- Yayyafa daji tare da ƙasa (yanayin zama dole - ba za ku iya cika kundin tsakiyar ba, yana kan ɗan nesa sama da ƙasa).
- A hankali a shayar da daji nan da nan (ya fi kyau a yi hakan a ƙaramin rabo, rarraba ruwa a kewayen shuka).
- Ciyawa (amfani da ciyawa, bushe ko ciyawa mai tsini zuwa 5 cm don wannan).
Don kare plantings daga mamayewa tsuntsaye, zaku iya rufe su da agrofibre (spanbond), amma mafi amintacce - tare da raga. To, a lokacin ruwan sama da berries da bushes ba za a rufe murfin na dogon lokaci kuma ba zai rot.
Bidiyo: Nasihu na sauka
Yadda za a zabi seedlings
Me yasa masu shayarwa masu shayarwa suka yarda cewa kawai zaɓi na diyan kayan shuka ne kawai zai taimaka don samun sakamako da ake tsammanin na girma? Saboda yawancin cututtuka da kwari ana kawo su gonakin mu na gonar tare da seedlings da aka saya.
Marubucin ire-iren tsire-tsire na lambu Tsaritsa Svetlana Aytzhanova ya ba da shawarar ɗaukar seedlings kawai:
- a cibiyoyin bincike na kiwo tare da ci gaba da lura da shuka;
- a cikin wuraren ɗora hannu a cikin abin da ƙwararrun masanin ilimin halitta ke aiki akan haifuwa (a ƙarƙashin yanayin bakararre, ta amfani da hanyoyin zamani).
A cikin waɗannan halayen ne kawai za ku iya tabbatar da tsabtarsu. Irin waɗannan wuraren kiwo da tashoshin suna aiki a Moscow (a cikin Konstantin A. Timiryazev RSAU), Orel, Tula, Michurinsk, Tambov Oblast da sauransu.
Shukewar bishiyoyi na Strawberry a cikinsu lallai ne ana sayar da su a cikin kwantena daban, tare da ingantaccen tsarin tushen kariya. Waɗannan yanayin, lokacin saukowa a kan madaidaicin wuri, suna ba da damar rayuwa ta 100%.
Bayani mai mahimmanci: lokacin sayen seedlings a cikin tukunya, ya kamata ku bincika tushen - ya kamata a rarraba su a kan tanki. Idan ana sayar da seedlings a cikin kwantena na peat, Tushen ƙarfi da lafiya masu lafiya galibi ana iya ganin su yayin da suke fita ta bangon.
Dasa kayan yana da mahimmanci ga lafiyar kwazon bushes.
Dace mai kyau
Duk da sanannun juriya ga matsanancin zafi, yawan ruwa ya zama dole don mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa. Musamman a kudu maso kudu har ma da yankuna kudu maso gabashin Rasha, an bada shawarar shigar da tsarin ban ruwa na ruwa.
'Ya'yan itace iri iri na Tsaritsa iri-iri na bukatar wadataccen ruwa mai kyau
A cikin kudanci da tsakiyar, idan an kafa yanayin zafi sama da na jinsi, strawberries na daji za su buƙaci yawan ruwa a kai a kai (lita 20 na ruwa a ƙarƙashin babban daji, ba fiye da sau ɗaya a mako). Irin wannan adadin ruwa zai zama cikakke kasar gona kuma jiƙa shi har zuwa 30 cm zurfi. Wannan shine yadda sararin samaniya yake da tsari sosai. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman:
- a lokacin da yawan yawan furanni na strawberries;
- yayin samuwar ƙwayoyin kwayoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- a lokacin zuba da ripening berries.
A wasu lokuta, har ma a cikin wani mataki, m sauyin yanayi, zai isasshe iyakance kanka ga m ruwa mai ban ruwa (sau 2 a wata). Tsarin musamman don ban ruwa na ruwa ya sa ya yiwu a rage amfani da ruwa zuwa guga ɗaya na ruwa a kowane daji.
Ba'a bada shawarar yin ruwan strawberries tare da taimakon yayyafa - ruwa a kan bushes na iya haifar da lalata da 'ya'yan itace m. Ana amfani da ban ruwa a kan tsire-tsire na strawberry kawai a cikin yanayin zafi ko iska, wanda idan ruwan ya bushe da sauri, ba tare da lokacin yin lahani ba.
Kulawar gado
Don ingantaccen ci gaba, ƙananan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar weeding da loosening na ƙasa - strawberries suna buƙatar samun wadataccen iska zuwa tushen. Don yin wannan, ku guji bayyanar da ɓacin duniya. Babban ka'idojin kulawa:
- loosening ne da za'ayi tare da felu tare da gefen layin da karamin fartanya a kusa da daji da kanta (yin wannan a hankali, ba tare da tono sama da santimita 1 kusa da shuka ba);
- a lokaci guda, ana shuka tsabtace tsirrai a tsabtace tarkace, tsohuwar bushe ciyayi da ciyawa.
Da farko na kaka, a lõkacin da ƙasa kewayen bushes lura yankuna, da kuma shuka tsiro ƙarfi Tushen, yana da amfani ga spud strawberries. Idan ba a yi wannan ba, daga baya za a fallasa Tushen, inji zai raunana kuma yana iya mutu daga daskarewa.
Manyan miya
Lokacin fure da 'ya'yan itace shine mafi kyawun lokacin don fesawa tare da takin gargajiya-potassium
A lokacin girma da haɓaka lambun strawberries, dole ne ku manta da kayan miya sama:
- yayin dasawa, an gabatar da hadaddun ma'adinin ma'adinai, wanda ya kunshi ash, nitrophosphate da urea;
- a lokacin furanni da 'ya'yan itace wuri, yin feshin tare da takaddun takaddun ƙwayar cuta tare da mahimmancin potassium ana aiwatar da shi (yana da mahimmanci a haɗa da manganese, boron, baƙin ƙarfe da sauran abubuwan ganowa);
- bayan ƙarshen fruiting, yana da amfani don yin takin da aka yi hadaddun mai saurin bazara Spring-Summer a cikin nau'in granules.
Idan lambun strawberries ba su samun isasshen adadin takin, girbin sa a hankali zai fara zama ƙarami, ya zama ƙasa da m da m. Ganyen zai bushe, ja da canzawa da canza launi korensu zuwa wani paler, rawaya ko m.
Yana da mahimmanci kada a manta cewa takin mai yawa yayi mummunan tasiri game da dandano na amfanin gona. Bugu da kari, 'ya'yan itaciyar da aka shayar da su na iya wahala daga launin toka. Game da ciyar da abinci da takin mai magani na nitrogen, abin da ake kira fatliquoring na daji zai faru ga lalata bayyanar 'ya'yan itacen.
Gashin gashin baki
Don adana ƙarfi da cikakken haɓaka ciyawar bushes, yana da mahimmanci datsa gashin-baki a kan lokaci. Mafi daidai ne a yi wannan sau biyu a shekara:
- A cikin bazara, jim kadan kafin tsire-tsire na fure.
- A cikin kaka, bayan girbi.
Don aiki, ya fi kyau zaɓi yanayin bushe da nutsuwa. Ba za ku iya yanke gashin baki ba tare da kayan aiki. Dole ne a datsa su tare da faifai mai kaifi ko injin. Ana yin wannan don kauce wa lalacewar tsarin tushe yayin hutu.
Antennae ya fi kyau cire gaba ɗaya. Amma idan ana shirin cigaba da haihuwa, kawai farkon faratun farko daga daji ya ragu.
Karin kwari da kariya a kansu
Kafin dasa shuki a kan gado, yana da amfani a tabbata cewa babu kwari. Idan Tsaritsa iri-iri ne yana tsayayya da babban kwaro - strawberry mite, to sauran parasites na iya cutar da strawberries sosai. Dangerousari mafi haɗari fiye da wasu don 'yan mata matasa harbe shine larvae na May irin ƙwaro da wireworm.
Wireworm - daya daga cikin kwari masu hatsari ga matasa harbe na ciyawar daji
Musamman sau da yawa, bayyanar su yana shafar kusancin shafin zuwa iyakar gandun daji.
Mai hadari abokan gaban strawberry gadaje - babban larvae na May irin ƙwaro
Hanya mafi tabbaci don kawar da ƙasa na infield shine ta hanyar ƙara ruwan ammoniya. Shigowar alkaloid lupine shima yana taimakawa. Abubuwan da ke kunshe a cikin wannan shuka - alkaloids - hana haɓaka kwari, da ƙwayoyin nodule da ke rayuwa a kan tushen suna wadatar da ƙasa tare da takaddun nitrogen wanda ake bukata.
A lokacin bayyanar peduncles, don hana aukuwa na kwari masu cutarwa da mildew mai ƙarfi, fesa plantings tare da bayani wanda ya kunshi:
- Karbofosa (60 g da guga na ruwa);
- colloidal sulfur (50 g da guga na bayani).
Idan a ƙarshen bazara ƙananan aibobi launin fari-launin ruwan kasa sun hadu akan ganyayyaki, kuna buƙatar magance su tare da maganin rauni na manganese. Idan wannan bai taimaka ba, kuna buƙatar bin umarnin:
- Cire tsoffin ganyayyaki.
- Bi da su da ƙwayar fata ta Topaz.
- Zuba bayani aidin a karkashin tushen (5 saukad da aidin a lita 10 na ruwa).
- Bayan fruiting, kuma ku bi da Topaz.
- Bayan mun girbe, ciyar da tsirrai tare da superphosphate.
Ana shirya strawberries don hunturu
A tsakanin lambu, wata dabara ce sanannen - don yanka ko ciyawar daji gaba ɗaya don hunturu. Amma mutane da yawa sun yi imani da cewa ya isa ya cire ganye da kuma cututtukan cututtukan. Bayan duk wannan, ɓangaren da ke saman ƙasa dole ne ya sami lokacin girma har zuwa ƙarshen kaka, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itace ba za su bayyana ba.
- Abin takaici, don hana yaduwar ticks da nematode, lallai da gaske sai yai ganye. Amma saboda wuya hunturu baya raguwa, kuna buƙatar yanke ganye ba a cikin hunturu ba, kamar yadda yawancin lambu mai son yi, amma nan da nan bayan daukana da berries. Kawai to, zai yi wahalar hunturu (kuma, a sakamakon haka, yawan aiki) ba wai kawai zai ragu ba, har ma ya ƙaru.
Koyaya, ganyayen mown (da alama masu kamuwa da cututtukan) bai kamata a barsu a gado ɗaya ba ko a nan kusa, in ba haka ba aikin da aka yi zai zama mara amfani, kamar yadda kwari zasu koma bushes. Ya kamata a binne ganyayyaki marassa lafiya kamar yadda zai yiwu a cikin tarin takin, har ma ya fi kyau - ƙona.
S.D. Aitzhanova
Zai fi kyau a yanka ganyen nan da nan bayan an girbe - saboda haka tsire-tsire za su iya murmurewa ta hunturu
Duk da kyawawan lokacin hunturu, ƙwayar daji tana buƙatar lokacin farin ciki na dusar ƙanƙara ko wasu mafaka. Koyaya, duk ya dogara da wurin girma. A cikin yankuna na tsakiya, yankin tsakiyar Volga, yanki na Moscow, nau'in Tsaritsa baya buƙatar tsari kuma yana jure da hunturu da kyau. A cikin steppe, yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara, har zuwa arewa, ya fi dacewa a rufe tsire-tsire na hunturu tare da kowane ciyawar ciyayi ko masana'anta na gona.
Ba tare da murfin dusar ƙanƙara ba, tushen tsarin tsirrai na iya jurewa kawai -14-16 ° C. Idan dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe ƙasa tare da Layer fiye da 25 cm, zai iya kare strawberries har ma a cikin daskararru har ƙasa-35 ° C.
A cikin hunturu mai dusar ƙanƙara, tabbatar da rufe gado tare da rassan spruce, bambaro, manyan ganye (maple, chestnut) ko kayan suttura na musamman. A cikin yankuna masu matsakaitan iska mai karfi, irin wannan tsari yakamata a tsaresu.
A cikin hunturu mai sanyi, strawberries suna buƙatar tsari
Lamburan ra'ayoyi
Oh, 'yar uwata ta kasance tana yin noman irin wannan tun bara a gidan bazara a Yankin Ryazan. Amma ta yiwu tayi amfani da guga na humus a kowace murabba'in murabba'in ƙasa, kuma adadin peat ɗin gauraye da sawdust. Dole ne a yi wannan tun lokacin bazara. Berriesarshen berries na Sarauniya sunyi yawa, m ba sosai, amma mai dadi da mai yawa. Mun yi tazarar kilomita 200 a banki a cikin mota - mun kawo shi!
Marina Kuzanova//vk.com/rastenijdoma
Na girma 3 yanayi. Da dama matsakaici ripening. Berry yana da girma, mai yawa, jigilar kaya yana da kyau. Dandano yana da kyau. Babban jure cututtukan tushen tsarin da tabon ganye. Duk tsawon lokacin namowa, ban yi rikodin cututtukan tushen tsarin ba. Resistance na kaska matsakaici ne (Ina da shi ya fi yawan shafa yawanci). Aphids a shafina yana ƙaunar wannan iri-iri sosai. Isan daji bashi da ƙarfi, karamin aiki, mai ƙwari. Samun damar zuwa tsakiyar daji don aiki kyauta ne. Peduncles da ke ƙasa da matakin ganye, kar ku riƙe Berry. An buge shi da ɗanyen toka a lokacin ruwan sama. Abilityarfin tsoratarwa yana da kyau. Matsakaicin yawan kayan yau da kullun: shekara-shekara - ciyawar fure-fure 2-3, yan shekaru biyu - 4-6. A iri-iri ne sosai daidaita, kawai tsanani drawback ne low yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Roman A.//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=7262
Na girma Sarauniyar a farkon shekara kuma ina matukar son ganin 'ya'yan itace, kuma na dasa shi a watan Mayu, ban yanke ciyawar fure ba, tsire-tsire ba su sami ƙarfi ba, don haka berries ɗin suna da daɗi, amma ba babba ba, kuma nauyin na farko ya kai 50 g. Amma a lokacin rani na gani iri ɗaya iri ɗaya a wani shafin inda berries suke kawai. Gashin-baki na ya ba da wani matsakaicin adadin, kuma menene zan iya tsammani daga mata.
Tamara//forum.tvoysad.ru/viewtopic.php?f=31&t=7585&
Yawancin lambu sunyi nasarar fada cikin ƙauna tare da strawberries na Tsaritsa iri-iri ba kawai don 'ya'yansu mai haske da ƙanshi ba, har ma don iyawarsu don tsira duka yanayin hunturu na Rasha da lokacin bazara. Tare da karamin kokarin, kowa zai iya samun ingantaccen amfanin gona mai kyau daga shekara zuwa shekara.
