Gaskiya game da mazaunin aphids. Me kake so ka san game da lambun lambun noma da lambu?

Aphid - wani tsire-tsire a duniya. Wadannan ƙananan phytophages, ba tare da tsawon millimita ba, suna haifar da lalacewar gonar, lambun, greenhouse da albarkatun greenhouse. Suna shayar da kayan 'ya'yan itace daga bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi, lalata kananan ƙwayoyi, ganye, suna nuna' ya'yan itatuwa. Tsaryaccen kwalliyar aphid wani wuri ne mai tasowa don ci gaba da cututtukan fungal, clog pores, yana shafe tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire.

Ciwon daji a yanayi

Aphid yana zaune a sararin samaniya. A cikin yanayin yanayi na waɗannan kwari za a iya samo:

1. A cikin yanayin yanayi: shi settles a kan buds, matasa harbe, 'ya'yan itãcen lambu, lambu amfanin gona da weeds.
2. A cikin iska: Wannan m ba shine dalili da ake kira "air plankton" ba. Mutane da yawa sun sami nasara a kan sabon yankuna, suna yaduwa ta hanyar iska.
3. A cikin ƙasa: wani ɓangare na kwari, saukar da kututture zuwa ga tushen tsire-tsire kuma tsotsa ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare su (cikin karin bayani game da abin da aphids ke ci abinci, an gaya mana a nan). Bugu da ƙari, a ƙarshen kaka, tururuwan suna jawo tururuwan don su sake dasa su a cikin bazara a kusa da lambun kuma suna cin abinci a kan raye-raye mai kyau.

Ta na zaune ne a duk bangarori masu tasowa inda akwai tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire suke ci. Alal misali, yankin rarraba jini na aphids:

• Moldavia.
• Kudancin Ukraine.
• Asiya ta tsakiya.
• Caucasus
• Kasashen Yammacin Turai.
• West of the Baltic States.
• Afrika
• Amurka da Australia.

Yawan nau'in halittu na phytophagous wanda zai iya faruwa a wani yanki ya dogara da tsananin yanayin da kuma wadataccen duniya.

Yanayin yanayin hawan sanyi ga wannan kwari yana da yanayin zafi da matsanancin zafi. A cikin ruwan sanyi mai zafi, yawan yawan jama'a ya ragu. A cikin mummunan cututtuka, ƙwayoyin su suna mutuwa lokacin da sanyi ya kasa digiri 25.

Ba daidai ba ga zafi mai zafi da iska mai bushewa. A cikin yankuna na arewa da kuma mai dadi da fure iri dabam-dabam, yana da yawa fiye da cikin wuraren daji.

Gidajen wuraren aphid masu kyau sune wurare inda wasu 'yan karamar halitta suke (misali, ladybirds), amma yawancin tururuwa suna rayuwa. Tare da waɗannan kwari, ƙwayar ta kafa alamomi masu amfani da juna, ƙarin bayani game da wannan za'a iya samuwa a nan.

Daga ina ya fito kuma me yasa?

Don fahimtar inda a cikin bazara a kan tsire-tsire a gonar kuma seedlings a cikin lambun aphid ya bayyana, la'akari da tsarin rayuwa na wannan kwayar halitta. Tsarin rai na ƙwayar cuta:

1. Gwaji yana auku a kan kututtukan tsire-tsire a cikin kwai.
2. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da buds ke fara ƙarawa da furanni, larvae 0.5 mm a girman suna fitowa daga qwai. Suna shayar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyayyaki da furanni. Sashe na larvae sauka zuwa asalin shuka.
3. A cikin makonni biyu akwai ci gaban manya biyu:
   • 'yan matan budurwa masu banƙyama: iya samar da larvae ba tare da hadi;
   • mata masu zama: suna da nau'i-nau'i biyu na fuka-fuki, rarraba da kuma yada su ta hanyar iska mai nisa, tsire-tsire, tsire-tsire, sa'annan su dawo zuwa al'amuran al'ada.

   A lokacin rani, wannan tsari ana maimaita har sau 15.

4. A farkon lokacin kaka (Satumba, Oktoba), an haifi 'yan mata da maza maza a cikin mahaɗar daji, wanda ke da mawuyacin ƙwayoyi don yin sanyi.

Hankali! Yawan kwari sun kasance har sai spring a cikin tushen.

Sanin canji na aphids daga bazara zuwa kaka, zamu iya amincewa cewa ya bayyana:

• A cikin ƙasa - yana saukowa daga tsaka-tsire na tsire-tsire da kuma jingina ga tushen sa.
• A cikin gonar - Tsayawa na dan lokaci a kan tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire don sake komawa ga asalin asali.
• A greenhouses - sun isa wurin tare da gonar lambu mai ban mamaki, ko kuma ta kasancewa ta hanyar buɗewa yayin bude iska.

Don tambaya "Me yasa kuka saki ni?" Amsar ita ce kawai ba a aiwatar da matakan kare kariya akan cutar ba a lokacin.

Fasali na kwaro a al'adu daban-daban

Wani nau'i ne na wadannan kwari, kuma wace irin tsire-tsire ta fi sau da yawa a kan mutum?

• Green pear-laima aphid zaune a kan Dill. Girmanta yana da kimanin 2.5 mm. A lokacin rani, yana ƙaura daga itatuwan pear zuwa lambun kayan lambu, inda ya samo asali a cikin watanni na rani. A lokacin kaka, komawa bishiya, ya yada qwai mai yalwa cikin haushi kuma ya mutu.

  Ganye tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sun zama marasa amfani don amfani, saboda yawan adadin kwari, makale a kusa da harbe.

  Yana da muhimmanci! Zai yiwu a gano cewa wadannan nau'in nau'in halitta sun bayyana a cikin lambun ta hanyar alamar halayyar - lalacewar matasan kananan pears a cikin rabi tare da tsakiya, kuma wani wuri na orange ya kasance a tsakiya.

• Cherry aphid yana da murfin baki mai duhu kuma bai wuce 2 mm ba. Saka qwai a gindin kodan. Gumomin da suka bayyana a watan Mayu suna a haɗe a gefen ɓangaren ganye. Sun kasance maras kyau, sun juya a cikin dunƙule da ci gaban matasa. Kwaro suna boye a cikin lalacewar lalacewa.

  A ƙarshen Yuni, wasu kwari suna tashiwa zuwa weeds (gado mai gado), kuma sun dawo da kaka. Musamman mawuyacin lalacewar an yi wa matasa ƙwayoyin cherries da cherries.

• A cikin Yuli, ana amfani da sunflower a wani yarinya mai launin ja-brown. Kwantaccen jikinsa ya kai kimanin miliyon uku. Abin sha'awa, matan da suka bayyana a lokacin rani sun fi ƙanƙara kuma suna kore kore. Matsayin tsire-tsire - masu mallakar wadannan kwari suna wasa da amfanin gona na dutse.

  Kwaro yana cutar da ganyayyaki da sashin manseed, yana haifar da wilting da tsire-tsire da digo a cikin yawan amfanin ƙasa.

• Tumatir suna ƙarƙashin mamayewa na kore peach aphids. An kira shi - greenhouse, wanda ya nuna cewa wannan kwaro ne na kowa a cikin greenhouses. Hanyoyin rayuwa na waɗannan mutane suna farawa akan bishiyoyi.

  Ƙungiyar ta biyu na reshe zuwa ƙauyen tumatir, inda ta yada a bayan bayanan ganye. 'Ya'yan tumatir, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a shafa ba, amma rinjayen kwayoyin cutar zasu haifar da su.

• Greenhouse aphid kuma rinjayar lemons. Samun mutane suna fitowa a kan tsire-tsire da aka fitar a lokacin rani zuwa gonar ko girma akan baranda. Su mallaki yana haifar da mummunan ganye da kuma lalacewa ga buds.
• Ƙungiyar ta ɗaure, kamar sauran weeds, tana aiki ne a matsayin ƙananan lokaci na zamani na zamani na wannan kwari. Weeding yana daya daga cikin hanyoyi masu kyau na kula da kwaro.
• Black viburnum aphid ya kama shrubs, ƙaunataccen da yawa lambu. A viburnum wrinkled kuma juya a cikin wani ball na matasa ganye, hana ci gaban da sabon twigs da inflorescences. Tsire tsire-tsire sun rasa sanyi juriya.
  Taimako Sabbin raƙuman ruwa na mata baza kawai a Kalina.
• Kabeji aphid infects shuke-shuke cruciferous. Ta ciyar da hunturu a cikin tushen wakilan daji na wannan iyalin - jakar makiyaya, ɓarna na kowa. A cikin bazara ta motsa zuwa gonar gona. Idan ba a dauki matakan lokaci ba, to, dukkanin ganye zasu rufe shi da kwaro. Da kabeji ya juya launin rawaya, ya bushe kuma ya zama unusable.
• A kan plum rayuwa aphid, wanda ake kira pollinated. An rufe jikinta tare da mai tsabta mai tsabta. Girman wannan m shine 2.5 mm. Ba kamar 'yan uwanta ba, ba ta yayyafa ganye ba, amma dai yana rufe jikin ta tare da takalmin katako.

  Apricots, almonds, thorns, plums da peaches fama da kwaro. Ya bambanta lambun 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse a Rasha, Arewacin Afirka, Yammacin Turai da Arewacin Amirka.

A Mexico, akwai nau'in nau'i na wannan yanayin, wanda a cikin ƙarni, 'yan adam ba kawai sun kasance a matsayin kwari ba, amma, akasin haka, sanya su a matsayi na uku bayan zinariya da azurfa. Wannan kwari ana kiransa cochineal.

Indiyawan Indiya sun sanya aphid fodaƙwarewa a kan cactus pear pctly kuma ciyar a kan ruwan 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itatuwa jan. A sakamakon maganin sunadarai, an samu albarkatun carminic daga wannan albarkatun kasa. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin tsoffin dyes, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen rubuta rubutun rubutu akan takarda, da kuma kayan ado da kayan ado.

Carmine a cikin zamani na zamani an gane shi a matsayin mai kwalliya mai kwalliya don masana'antu da kayan abinci.

Game da wasu nau'o'in aphids za'a iya samuwa a cikin wannan abu.

Hotuna

Da ke ƙasa a hoto za ku iya ganin aphids akan gonaki da gonar lambu.

Kammalawa

Damage haifar da aphids take kaiwa zuwa weakening na lambu da kuma shuke-shuke shuke-shuke. da kuma asarar wani muhimmin ɓangare na amfanin gona. Wannan za a iya kauce masa kawai ta hanyar sarrafawa da kuma lalata tsarin kwaro a duk matakai na ci gaba a duk wuraren.