Ƙananan petunia. Tarihin abin da ya faru, iri-iri, haifuwa da kulawa, cututtuka da kwari

Ƙananan petunia ne mai shuka ornamental wanda ake amfani dasu a lokacin da yake shirya furen fure a cikin wani katako ko cikin lambun.

Wannan al'ada tana halin manyan fannoni masu haske. Akwai adadin iri da yawa, tare da kulawa da kyau, za su yi farin ciki tare da dogon lokaci mai yawa. Labarin da ke gaba ya kwatanta irin abubuwan da suke da shi da kuma irin abubuwan da suke kula da su.

Bayanan Botanical da tarihin

Cunkurin petunia ya fito daga Kudancin Amirka. Yana da tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire-tsire, wanda aka girma a Rasha a matsayin shekara-shekara. A gida, shuka ba zai yi girma ba, amma don ado na baranda da windows daga waje al'adu ya dace, da kuma yiwuwar.

Furen ganyayyun ganyayyaki suna kama da rami a siffar. Zasu iya zama babba da ƙananan furanni, iri iri ko sauƙi.

Launin launi yana da yawa:

• fararen;
• ja;
• blue;
• Lilac;
• m.

Haka kuma akwai nau'o'in da ake fatar fenti a cikin tabarau 2 kuma akwai alamomi mai launi. A gefen ƙananan ƙwayoyin za a iya fringed kuma santsi.

Dabbobi tare da alamun F1, sunayensu, fasali da hotuna

Petunia mai girma-girma da yawa ya hada da iri iri iribambanta a cikin launuka masu yawa.

Alamun da ya fi shahara suna gabatarwa a kasa.

Duddy Series

Wannan matashi ne wanda ya hada da furanni na launuka 6. Wannan iri-iri yana nuna launuka masu duhu da hasken wuta a kan ƙwayoyin. A shuka kanta dubi ainihin asali.

Pikoti Series

Wannan iri-iri yana da ƙananan furanni masu girma da furanni.. Kwancen da ke kan gefen suna da launi mai launi.

Prim Sunshine

Wannan al'ada ne mai girma, tsayinsa ya kai 35 cm. Furen suna da yawa, kamar yadda diamitata yake da 10 cm.

Cutar F1

Irin wannan petunia yana karami. A lokaci guda, furanni suna da manyan, kuma launi suna wakiltar 8 launi daban-daban.

Anastasia

Wannan petunia ya girma kamar karamin daji.. Furen suna da launi da velvety; akwai farar fata a kusa da gefen daji.

Fantasy

Wannan nau'i ne na furanni daban-daban, dafurori daban-daban. Yanayin nau'ikan iri-iri a tsayi mai tsawo.

Inda kuma yadda za'a shuka?

Tsarin ci gaba da bunkasa petunia ya dogara ne akan yadda aka dasa shuki.

Saboda haka, yana da muhimmanci a kiyaye waɗannan shawarwari:

• Zabi nau'in petunias da yawa. Tun da kayan abu na dasa shuki ne mai zurfi, ana buƙatar shuka iri. Wani abu mai sanyaya ya dace, tun da yake ya fi dacewa don aiki tare da shi.
• Shuka aikin da aka gudanar a Fabrairu da Maris. Ƙarshen hunturu ya dace don dasa shuki kawai idan an yi amfani da hasken lantarki.
• Gasa kayan yada a saman ƙasa, ba tare da rufe shi ba. Rufe tsaba tare da Layer na ƙasa ba'a buƙata.
• Bayan dasa, a wanke ƙasa a kai a kai tare da ruwa.
• Ƙarfin da aka yi amfani da kwayoyin rufe fim.

Idan an bi duk shawarwarin, za a bayyana seedlings a cikin makonni 1-1.5.

Bukatun shara

Petunia mai raguwa yana girma a cikin ƙasa, haske da ƙasa mai gina jiki. Zaka iya saya kayan ado da aka shirya da shirya ko shirya shi da kanka. Don yin wannan, yi amfani da waɗannan abubuwan da aka gyara:

1. Peat - 2 sassa;
2. sod sodiya - 2 sassa;
3. yashi - 1 part.

Haske da wuri

Yanki mai kyau ya dace don dasa shuki amfanin gona. Idan ka shuka petunia a cikin inuwa, zai fara shimfiɗawa, samar da manyan ganye da kuma karamin furanni. Wannan zai haifar da tasirin al'ada. Har ila yau, dole ne a kare wurin daga zane, in ba haka ba za su cutar da ƙananan furanni na shuka ba.

Yadda ake kulawa?

Watering

Don cikewar tsire-tsire mai tsumburai, dacewa mai dacewa yana da mahimmanci. Yayin da ake tsabtace ruwa, a zubar da ruwa a karkashin tushen, tabbatar da cewa ba ya fada a kan furanni, saboda wannan zai iya hallaka su. A lokacin zafi, zafi ana yin sau 2 a rana - da safe da maraice.

Har ila yau, kada ka manta game da spraying. Wannan zai zama kyakkyawan rigakafin bayyanar gizo-gizo na gizo-gizo. Ruwa don ban ruwa amfani da rabuwa da dakin ɗakin.

Top dressing

Nasarar ci gaba na furen da tsayinsa mai tsawo ba zai yiwu bane ba tare da dashi ba. Yana da daraja yin su sau ɗaya kowace kwanaki 7-10 daga lokacin saukowa har zuwa watan Agusta. Zaka iya amfani da tsari mai girma tare da babban abun ciki na potassium. Humus ko takin ma ya dace, amma ba sabo ba, saboda wannan zai haifar da ci gaban cututtukan fungal.

Cututtuka na kowa da kwari

Lokacin da aka kula da tsinkayen tsire-tsire, cututtuka da kwari suna da wuya. Amma irin waɗannan dalilai na iya rage ƙarfi ga tsarin da ba'a iya amfani da shi ba:

• rashin danshi;
• saukowa thickening;
• rashin rana;
• ƙasa acidification.

Kwayoyin cututtuka da kwayoyin cututtuka na kwayar cutar ta jiki sune:

1. kokwamba da mosaic taba;
2. leaf galls;
3. dankalin turawa da tumatir ƙwayoyin cuta;
4. taba necrosis.

Dole ne a cire al'adun da aka shafi da kuma kone su. A matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi, wajibi ne a magance aphids a dacewa, wanda shine mai dauke da wadannan cututtuka.

Har ila yau, cututtukan da ake yiwa gashi suna iya shawo kan cututtuka na fungal.:

• yankakken man fetur;
• marigayi;
• baki kafa;
• launin ruwan kasa.

Don jimre wa kamuwa da cuta na fungal zai iya zama tare da taimakon magunguna irin su Fitosporin da Trichodermin.

Shuka kwari suna da haɗari:

1. aphid;
2. slugs;
3. pincers;
4. whitefly.

Ana amfani da kwakwalwa irin su Aktara da Confidor don kawar da parasites. Zaku iya yakin gizo-gizo gizo-gizo tare da taimakon irin waɗannan kwayoyi - Demitan da Aktellik. Slugs za a iya hana idan metaldehyde an warwatse a kan ƙasa.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Cuttings

Wannan hanyar haifuwa ita ce mafi wuya. Zai fi dacewa don amfani da namun kayan ado irin na petunia.

Ana yin cututtuka a farkon Maris, kuma a duk lokacin bazara da lokacin rani za a yi shuka a cikin ƙasa. Amma kakar girma zai fara kawai a karshen hunturu. A wannan lokacin, hasken lantarki da tsaftace-tsabta suna da matukar muhimmanci. Samar da shuka tare da cikakken ɗaukar hoto don 16 hours.

Lokacin da aka kafa rassan daji, zaka iya yanke cututtuka kuma dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai cinye don rushewa. Bayan mako guda, asalinsu zasuyi girma, kuma ana iya dasa shuka a cikin kwantena masu rarraba ko a ƙasa maras kyau.

Tsaba

Yin amfani da nauyin iri na haifuwa, ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa don samun tsire-tsire masu girma ba. Dalilin shi ne cewa yana da matukar wuya a saya kayan aikin kyawawan kayan. Bugu da ƙari, seedlings suna buƙatar kulawa da hankali, wanda ya fi ƙarfin masu shuka masu ba da ilmi.

Yana da muhimmanci! Idan kun shuka tsaba a ƙarshen hunturu, kuna buƙatar kula da ƙarin haske. Bugu da ƙari, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna zama naman gwari marasa lafiya. Ana iya hana wannan ta hanyar saka idanu ga ƙasa.

Matsaloli masu yiwuwa

Yayin da ake kara petunias, za a iya warware matsaloli masu zuwa.:

1. Rashin rashin girma da al'adar da ba ta da kyau. Wannan yana yiwuwa tare da karfi mai ƙarfi na duniya ko ruwan sama mai tsawo. Idan za ta yiwu, kana buƙatar motsa furanni zuwa tsari kuma normalize watering.
2. Rashin yawan furanni. Wannan yana faruwa a lokacin cin abinci mara kyau ko kuma cire fayiloli maras kyau. Idan ba a cire su a dacewa ba, injin zaiyi ƙoƙari wajen samar da 'ya'yan itatuwa, ba sababbin abubuwa ba.
3. Rashin mai girma mai ban mamaki. Tsarin tsire-tsire zai taimaka wajen kawar da matsalar. Don yin wannan, kana buƙatar tsunkura harbe a sama da 3rd leaf. Wannan babban motsi ne don yin amfani da furannin flower buds.

Ƙananan petunia mai girma ne mai ban sha'awa kuma kyakkyawan shuka da ke tsiro a ƙasa. A game da girma yana da rashin amfani, don haka ma mabukaci ne. Amma ko da tare da rashin hankali, furen zai iya mutuwa ko ya kasance rashin lafiya kullum.