Gidan yanayi na blackberries, bushes tare da curled thorns da dadi baki berries ne m - wannan shi ne Arewacin Amirka da kuma Eurasia. An gudanar da aikin noma mafi girma a kan noma iri iri na blackBerry tun daga karni na goma sha tara a Amurka (fiye da nau'in nau'in iri iri ne aka bred). Shahararren wannan Berry a kasarmu yana girma - yawan adadin masu lambu sun fara godiya ga blackBerry ta:
- dandano mai dadi da dadi;
- abubuwan warkewa da abubuwan gina jiki;
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- rashin jin dadi da sauƙi na kulawa;
- rauni cuta mai saukin kamuwa.
Shin kuna sani? Tarihin tsohuwar Girka, suna magana akan asalin blackberry, ya fada yadda yunkurin da ke cikin yaki da gumaka ya zub da jininsu, kuma kowane juyi ya juya zuwa cikin blackberry berry. Tsohon likitancin Girkanci da na Dyncorides a cikin 1 cikin. Tuni da shawarar da aka sanya blackberry leaf decoction ga mai haƙuri a matsayin magani magani. A cikin harshen Rasha, kalmar "blackberry" ta san daga karni na 18. kuma yana nufin "shinge-Berry" - saboda mai tushe tare da maida baya baya.
Blackberry Cututtuka marasa lafiya: Alamomi da Jiyya
Rashin gazawar aikin agronomical da lalacewa na iya haifar da cututtuka da ake kira marasa ciwo. Da farko, waɗannan su ne cututtuka da aka lalacewa ta hanyar rashin ko wucewa da wani ɓangaren alama. Matsala mafi yawancin suna hade da abun ciki na waɗannan abubuwa masu alaƙa:
baƙin ƙarfe Idan akwai wata kasawa, ganye zasu fara canza launin launi zuwa rawaya mai haske. Berries bushe. Zai yiwu don taimakawa ta hanyar shigar da ƙanshi na baƙin ƙarfe, ferrous sulfates, ferrous sulfate. Haka alamu za a iya kiyaye su tare da wuce gona da iri na baƙin ƙarfe;- potassium. Tare da rashin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa ya bayyana akan gefen ganye. Ganye ya zama bluish, curly ya bayyana. Berries, ba tare da ripening, bushe sama. Don hana wannan, kana buƙatar ƙara 70 grams na potassium da 1 square mita lokacin da dasa. m, kuma a lokacin kakar - wani g 12. Amma idan akwai mai yawa potassium - ganye sun zama haske, fada a kashe;
- nitrogen. Bar fadowa don babu wani dalili mai kyau wanda aka gyara, ƙananan matasan suna girma cikin raunana, tsire-tsire suna sarewa, ganye suna haske a launi. Tare da waɗannan alamu, ana kula da blackberry tare da ƙwayar potassium-sodium-nitrogen (tare da yawancin nitrogen). A lokacin da akwai nitrogen mai yawa, dajiyar bishiya yana nuna rashin ƙarfi, ciyayi masu launin furen suna bayyana a kan ganyayyaki a gefuna, ya bar curl da fall, da kuma sauyin yanayin sanyi;
- bor. Lokacin da aka rasa, ganye suna karami, wanda aka gano a wasu lokutta, sunyi juyawa kuma sun fadi (daga tsakiyar kakar wasa, magunguna na harbe zasu iya zama cikakku, dasu mai tsatsotsi zai iya mutuwa), shuka ba ya da kyau, kuma berries ba su da tushe. A lokacin flowering akwai wajibi ne a kara kara acid (har zuwa 2 g ta 1 sq. M). An bayyana boron wuce gona da iri a cikin ƙananan ganyayyaki (tare da gefuna), da karkatarwa;
- alli. A yanayin saukin ƙwayoyin calcium, apical toho ya bushe, sabon sautin ya yi launin rawaya (a bara bara), ci gaba da tushen ya ragu. Gabatarwar superphosphate da kwayoyin halitta a cikin ƙasa na taimakawa;
magnesium. Alamar kasawa - ganye sun zama ja, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar kakar sun fada, 'ya'yan itace sun ragu cikin girma. Don rigakafi - wadatar da ƙasa tare da dolomite gari, magnesium sulfate (har zuwa 60 g da 1 sq. M.), Ash. Magnesium mai wuce haddi yana sa duhu ya yi duhu, shrink kuma ya mutu (musamman cikin zafi).- manganese. Rashin haɓakarsa ya ba matasa damar samin launin rawaya-kore, ganyayyaki zasu fara fada. Yanayin kashi na manganese shine 3-5 g ta 1 sq. Km. m;
- jan ƙarfe. Rashin jan karfe yana nunawa a cikin takaddun ganyayyaki, wanda daga bisani ya bushe kuma ya bushe, ci gaba da harbe ya bushe, yaron ya mutu, kuma sanyi ya rage. Copper yana da kyau a hada da shi a cikin abun da ke ciki da takin gargajiya da abubuwa masu alama;
- zinc. Ya kasawa za a ruwaito ta hanyar yellowing fi, kananan, kunkuntar da kuma asymmetrical ganye (tare da tagulla tint), da berries ba ripen. Zinc wuce haddi yana kaiwa zuwa launin yellowing da subsidence na kananan ganye. Tsohon veins redden da blacken, apical buds fada.
baƙin ƙarfe Idan akwai wata kasawa, ganye zasu fara canza launin launi zuwa rawaya mai haske. Berries bushe. Zai yiwu don taimakawa ta hanyar shigar da ƙanshi na baƙin ƙarfe, ferrous sulfates, ferrous sulfate. Haka alamu za a iya kiyaye su tare da wuce gona da iri na baƙin ƙarfe;
magnesium. Alamar kasawa - ganye sun zama ja, ta tsakiyar tsakiyar kakar sun fada, 'ya'yan itace sun ragu cikin girma. Don rigakafi - wadatar da ƙasa tare da dolomite gari, magnesium sulfate (har zuwa 60 g da 1 sq. M.), Ash. Magnesium mai wuce haddi yana sa duhu ya yi duhu, shrink kuma ya mutu (musamman cikin zafi).Yana da muhimmanci! Sakamakon ganewa na ainihi na cututtukan cututtuka, na farko, yana da rikitarwa ta hanyar kama da cututtukan cututtuka da wasu cututtuka (fungal ko hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri), na biyu, bayyanar cututtuka na iya daidaita daidai da wuce haddi kuma rashin rashin daidaituwa.
Hanya mafi kyau ga wani lambu a lokacin da shuki shi ne a hankali ƙara kwayoyin halitta, bambance tare da shekaru na cikakken taki, a cikin idon ruwa amfani da ƙwayar nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium tare da adadin boron, manganese, da dai sauransu.
Kwayoyin cuta, matakan da za su magance su
An ƙara yawan ƙwarewar Blackberry zuwa cututtuka na kwayan cuta. Ƙwayar cutar kwayar BlackBerry tana haifar da lalacewa - tushen ciwon daji (Agrobacterium tumefaciens). Pathogens shiga cikin shuka ta hanyar ramuka na halitta da ƙarami lalacewa.
Ciwon daji
Lokacin da cutar ta haifar da ciwon kwayar cuta na kwayan cuta, neoplasms suna bayyana a asalin shuka (a gindin harbe) daga 0.5 mm zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Neoplasms suna da mummunan ƙwayoyi, da farko kore, daga baya duhu launin ruwan kasa ko baki baki, ainihin haske da kuma m texture. Haka kuma cutar tana shafar shuka sosai:
- ci gaba da harbe aka hana;
- girman na shuka rage-rage, da ganye juya rawaya, da berries bushe da ƙananan;
- yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- fari da kuma sanyi juriya ragewa.
Yin maganin cututtuka ba zai yiwu ba. Agrobacterium na shirye-shiryen rediyo na zamani (Galltrol ko Nogall) na iya hana ci gaban cutar.
Kayan magani sun hada da:
- lokacin da aka dasa, digging, fertilizing, tabbatar da cewa tushen tsarin blackberry bazai sha wahala daga kayan aikin lambu;
- Kada ku yi girma daji a wani wuri har fiye da shekaru 7;
- kar a samu herbicides a kan blackberry - konewa na iya zama pathogenic foci;
- komawa tsofaffi shafukan ba kasa da shekaru 4 baya;
- a karshen kakar wasa, ka yanke lalacewar da ke dauke da iri, ka ƙone su (kada ka bar kafar!);
- fesa blackberry Bordeaux ruwa, "Abiga-Peak", "Oxyhom."
Yana da muhimmanci! Trace abubuwa a cikin ƙasa ya kamata a yi daidai da jinsunan fi son - more nitrogen ga creeping iri; potassium da phosphorus - don kai tsaye.
Kwayoyin cututtuka na bidiyo: alamu da magani
Kwayoyin cuta na haifar da cututtukan cututtuka masu hatsari ga lambun blackBerry - masana kimiyya basu riga sun ci gaba da hanyar samun magani ba. Hanyoyi masu mahimmanci sune amfani da kwayoyin lafiya, lalacewar tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire na wildberry a cikin radius na 20 m daga gonar; bin ka'idodin masana'antu.
Girma
Binciken - wata cuta ba ta da yawa, amma mai tsanani. Ƙara lafiya fiye da shekaru 2. Babban alamun curliness:
- ci gaba;
- cikakken kore canza launi na ganye, da wuya da wrinkling;
- da gefen ganye suna lankwasa zuwa kasa, da ƙarshen kakar - necrosis na veins;
- furanni suna lalacewa kuma ba a gurbata ba.
Mosaic
Blackberry shafi ganye suna da m yellow spots. A hankali, sun zama sakon, lakaran takarda sun lalace. Ana kawo cutar ta hanyar kwari (aphids, cicadas) ko ta hanyar dasa kayan. Mutuwar Musa yana da mummunan gaske saboda rashin sanyi na shrub din yana ragewa, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire ba zasu tsira ba. Bugu da ƙari, mosaic yana hana ci gaba da shuka, ta hanyar gyaran inabin, ta rage yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Hanyar magance mosaic ba ya wanzu. Ana amfani da rigakafi da farko:
- dasa shuki tsirrai lafiya;
- tsabtataccen tsabtataccen shafin yanar gizo, lalata shuke-shuke da kwari.
Shin kuna sani? Blackberry berries a biochemical abun da ke ciki kusa da raspberries, amma da ƙasa da acidity. Blackberry berries baƙi, ja da rawaya. An tsage itatuwan tare da fure-fure, suna riƙe da siffar na dogon lokaci kuma ba su da kullun. Ana iya adana shi a yanayin zafin jiki.
Gudun rawaya
Babban masu rarraba cutar shine aphids. Cutar cututtuka na cutar daidai daidai da bayyanar cututtuka na reticular chlorosis:
- yellowing da ganye a cikin hanyar siffar mutum (streaks suna alama a kore);
- ƙãra chlorosis;
- dakatar da ci gaban harbe.
Blackberry fungal cututtuka, hanyoyin da za a magance su
Blackberry fungal cuta yana daya daga cikin matsaloli mafi yawan na blackberry growers (80% na dukan cututtuka). Ana haifar da fungi wanda ya shiga cikin stomata, lalacewar (raunuka da kuma raguwa) na tushen, harbe, mai tushe. Ana fitar da cututtuka ta hanyar kayan lambu, iska, ruwan sama.
Anthracnose
Raguwa a cikin latitudes ya nuna kanta a farkon kakar. Ya faru da spores na naman gwari Gloeosporium venetum Speg (wuce haddi danshi ne musamman m ga ci gaba da cutar - ruwa rani, wuce kima watering). Mafi cutar ta fi shafawa:
- bar - launin toka mai launin toka yayi girma da kuma zurfafa tare da manyan veins, wata iyakar shunayya ta bayyana (3 mm);
- berries - ulcers na launin toka launin toka, siffar maras kyau, bushe da kuma fada kore;
- harbe (m sau da yawa) - m spots a kan tushen harbe, bushewa 'ya'yan itace twigs.
Blackberry anthracnose ba shi yiwuwa - ya zama dole don ƙone ƙwayoyin cututtuka da tushen sa. A cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, an dasa kayan lambu kawai a wannan wuri.A farkon lokacin bazara, ana amfani da takin mai magani mai mahimmanci akan ƙasa, tsaftace tsabtace tsabtace jiki. Idan an lura da bayyanar cututtuka, dole ne a gudanar da maganin sau uku tare da furotin (kafin flowering, lokacin da harbe ya kai 30-35 cm kuma a ƙarshen kakar) - 5% jan ƙarfe (ko ƙarfe) vitriol, Fundazole, Bardo Blue, da dai sauransu.
White spot (septoriosis)
Blackberry septoriosis ne cuta mai yawa (musamman ma a lokacin rani). Sakamakon wakili shine fure-fice na Septori Rubi West. Haka kuma cutar ta gyara a farkon kakar. Da farko, an shafe shekaru 2, sannan daga bisani - harbe guda daya. Daga cikin alamu akwai:
- zagaye kodadde yatsun launin ruwan kasa tare da bakin ciki;
- duhu launin ruwan kasa ko baki fungal maki - pycnidia;
- bayan haɗuwa da aibobi, an lalata yankin da ya shafi yankin, ƙuduri ya bayyana, da berries rot.
Tsarin Bidiyo (Didimella)
Tsantsar ganye na ganye a kan blackberry rinjayar da farko samari, yara da petioles (ganye suna shafar akalla duka). Maganin mai cuta na cutar shine figal spores na Didymella applanata Sacc. Haka kuma cutar ta cigaba musamman tare da ƙara yawan ƙwaya da tsire-tsire. Alamun cutar sun hada da:
- bushewa na matasa buds da kuma mai tushe;
- baƙan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin necrotic a kan ganye, foliage;
- Sotsi mai launi a kan tushe (da farko a cikin ƙananan da na sama);
- matalauta flowering da rashin ovaries.
Ayyuka masu kariya:
- bin dokokin aikin injiniya na aikin gona;
- fada thickening da rike m;
- yankunan bazara.
Grey Rot (Botrytis)
Haka kuma cutar ta lalacewa ne ta hanyar ciyawa na naman gwari Botyrtis cinerea Pers. Alamun farko na cutar sun bayyana a lokacin flowering. Tsire-grey yana iya buge kowane ɓangaren samfurin blackberry, amma berries sukan sha wuya - sun rasa dandano, dandano, kuma an rufe shi da launin toka mai launin fure. Lokacin da zafi ya kara, blackberry berries rot, da kuma a low mummification.
Tare da shan kashi na harbe - suna kuma rufe shi da launin toka launin toka. Lokacin da yawan zazzabi ya sauko a kan abin da ya shafi harbe, balagar fata (sclerotia) an kafa, a cikin hunturu, rashin lafiya sun mutu, sclerotia fada cikin ƙasa kuma yana iya zama a can shekaru da dama, wanda ya wakiltar hatsari ba kawai don blackberries ba, har ma raspberries, currants, strawberries.
Don magance cutar mafi sau da yawa amfani da furotin da iprodinone (Rovral Aquaflo) gauraye da Captan. Bayan 2 aikace-aikace na jere, ya zama dole a canza tare da sauran masu fuka-fuka, misali, bisa fenhexamide (Teldor shirye-shiryen), hada-hada masu haɗari (dauke da pyraclostrobin da boscalid).
Yana da muhimmanci! Mai wakilta na launin toka - Botyrtis cinerea Pers da sauri ya haɓaka juriya ga furotin, saboda haka yana da muhimmanci ga shirye-shiryen daban-daban na ka'idoji daban-daban na aikin da kungiyoyi masu sinadaran.
Rust
Maganin mai cuta na fungal cuta shine Phragmidium Link. Sunan cututtukan da aka samo daga launi na orange, launin launi, wanda aka rufe da spots na shuka. Haka kuma cutar ta faru daga farkon lokacin rani zuwa ƙarshen kaka:
- farkon lokacin rani - ƙananan ɗigon ruwan orange suna bayyana akan ganye da kuma mai tushe - spermogony da kuma samuwar spermacies farawa. Daga bisani, alamomi mai launi (etzii) ya bayyana. Tambayoyi daga aetias tare da iska da ruwa harba lafiya ganye;
- tsakiyar lokacin rani shine mafi haɗari: tsatsa ya bayyana akan ƙananan ganye a matsayin launin ruwan kasa (urediniopustul), wanda aka haifar da ƙarnuka da dama. Wadannan spores sake sake da shuka;
- ƙarshen lokacin rani - kaka: an kafa pads baki a kan ganyayyaki - teliopustula da spores shirye don wintering a kan fadi ganye.
Mycelium yana da matukar tsayayya zuwa yanayin sanyi, kuma tare da fadi ya bar ta da sanyi sosai.Yin gwagwarmaya ya haɗa da tsaftace kayan wankewa, kwanciya mai dacewa, yin dubawa ta yau da kullum tare da cire wasu rassan masu rauni ko rassan rassan, mulching tare da humus tare da microorganisms. Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da gonar lambu don yaduwa da bishiyoyi tare da tafarnuwa a cikin alamar farko na kamuwa da tsatsa.
Phyllosticosis
Kamuwa da cuta na faruwa ne ta hanyar daji ta hanyar ƙasa, iska ko ruwa. Haka kuma cutar ta fara nuna kanta a matsayin aibobi. Hanyoyin da ke tattare da bambanci sun danganta da wakilin da ke cikin cutar:
girmansa, nau'in ba bisa ka'ida ba, launin ruwan kasa mai launin launin ruwan kasa tare da raƙuman raguwa da rudu ya nuna cewa cutar ta haifar da fungal spores na Phyllosticta fuscozanata Thum;- Ƙananan farar fata - Naman gwari na sacci na Phyllosticta.
Aukan an rufe su da dige baki - wadannan su ne pycnidia da spores. Ganye ya fadi, rage yawan aiki na blackberry, juriya.
girmansa, nau'in ba bisa ka'ida ba, launin ruwan kasa mai launin launin ruwan kasa tare da raƙuman raguwa da rudu ya nuna cewa cutar ta haifar da fungal spores na Phyllosticta fuscozanata Thum;Ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da lambu don feshi da bishiyoyin bishiyoyin da aka shafe tare da cakuda wanke wanke (300 g) da jan karfe sulfate (30 g) na lita 10 na ruwa mai laushi. Tsarin kariya - tsaftacewa na ganye.
Shin kuna sani? Blackberries ana sau da yawa jokingly da ake kira "mace" berries. Ya ƙunshi babban adadin phytoestrogens, a yawancin lokuta kama da jima'i na jima'i - yana taimakawa tare da menopause. A lokacin daukar ciki, hada da blackberries a rage cin abinci rage hadarin zubar da ciki, bayan haihuwar - normalizes haemoglobin matakan, yana taimaka wa warkar da wariyar rauni. Antioxidants rage jinkirin fata, tsufawar wrinkles.Duk da abin da ke sama, blackBerry wani tsire-tsire ne, wanda ba shi da lafiya. Idan kun bi duk ayyukan aikin gona da matakan tsaro, berries zasu ji daɗi ku har shekaru masu yawa.
