Lura ga mazaunin rani: yadda za a shuka tumatir akan seedlings a cikin kwalaye

Wani mai kula da lambu, wanda ya yanke shawarar shuka tumatir da hannunsa, yana fuskanci matsalolin da yawa.

Ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da dama ga masu lambu shine su zabi inda za su dasa tsaba da kuma inda za su shuka seedlings, musamman ma tun da yake sabon abu ne, mafi yawan hanyoyin da suka faru a kwanan nan sun bayyana.

A cikin wannan labarin, zamu tattauna yadda za mu ci gaba da girma, wanda daga cikinsu ya kamata ya fara hanyarsa a cikin "businessling business" kuma za mu amsa tambayar - wacce akwatin shi ne mafi alhẽri shuka shuke-shuke.

Bayyana yadda ake girma tumatir

Yin shuka tumatir a cikin kwalaye ana dauke da daya daga cikin matakai mafi tsufa.. Dalilinsa shine kamar haka: an rarraba tsaba a wasu nesa a kan fuskar ƙasa, yafa masa ƙasa kuma ya karfafa shi da fim don ƙirƙirar yanayi.

Bayan ƙwaya, an cire tsari, kuma an samar da tsire-tsire matasa tare da kulawa ta jiki.

Don bayani. Mafi girman nisa tsakanin tsaba, tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire za su iya zama a cikin akwatin ba tare da lalacewar tushen su ba. Amma a kowace harka, wannan hanya ta shafi ruwa na ruwa, wanda za'a iya samarwa a cikin kwantena ɗaya ko a cikin wannan akwati.

Kamar kowane hanya, hanyar shuka tsaba a cikin kwalaye na da wadata da fursunoni. Wannan hanya na girma tumatir ya baka damar girma da dama na seedlings, amma idan kun karfafa tare da karba, za a bar seedlings a tsakiyar layuka ba tare da isasshen haske ba. Tsire-tsire da aka shuka a cikin akwati guda ɗaya sun fi sauƙi don kulawa, amma a lokaci guda, idan ɗayan da yake rashin lafiya, barazanar kamuwa da dukan seedling yana da yawa.

Hotuna

Dubi hotuna na tumatir seedlings a cikin kwalaye:

Kadan game da iyawa

Filaye ko kwalaye na katako suna amfani dasu don girma seedlings.. Na farko za'a iya saya a kantin kayan sana'a, ana iya yin katako ta kanka daga faranti ko plywood. Masarufi da fursunoni suna da kowannensu.

Koda yake, akwatin katako yana da gangami na yanayi, amma hawan tsarinsa yana da sakamako mai tasiri akan ci gaba da tarawa na kwayoyin halitta a kan ganuwar.

Wani kuma na akwati da aka yi ta kayan abu na jiki shi ne kima, idan aka sanya shi hannu, amma kwantena filastik ba tsada bane. Bugu da ƙari, filastik ba ya buƙatar kulawa da hankali tare da furotin, ya isa ya tsaftace shi da kyau. Gilashin filastik yana da sauki don ɗaukarwa, ana adana shi tsawon lokaci.

Yaushe ne mafi kyau?

A cikin kwalaye, zaka iya girma seedlings na kayyadadden, iri marasa tabbas da yanayi daban-daban (farkon, tsakiya, marigayi), wanda za'a iya shuka a cikin greenhouses da a ƙasa.

Bukatun Bukatun

Sakamakon mafi kyau na kwalaye don dasa shuki tumatir: nisa - 30 cm, tsawon 50 cm, tsawo - 8 - 10 cm, amma waɗannan sigogi ba mahimmanci, idan yana da kyau ga lambu don motsawa kwantena daga wuri zuwa wurin da sanya su a kan windowsill. Wani muhimmin yanayin: dole ne a sanya ramukan ramuka a kasa na akwatinwannan zai samar da karin ruwan sha.

Kafin a shuka jakar ta yawanci an warkar da shi: za'a iya shafe filastik tare da buffer a cikin barasa; itace - kula da hankali tare da furotin ko jan karfe sulfate (100 grams da lita 10 na ruwa).

Tsarin shirye

Za a iya shirya shirye-shirye a matakai da dama:

1. Gwajin gwaji don Germination. 30 - 40 grams na sodium chloride narkar da a lita 1 na ruwa, nutsar da tsaba a cikin sakamakon sakamakon na minti 10. Matsanancin tsaba masu kyau zasu tashi, dole ne a tattara su kuma a jefar da su; dole ne a zaba waɗanda aka "nutsar" da kuma wanke su da ruwa mai tsabta.
2. Disinfection. Tsaba na tsawon minti 20 - 30 don nutsewa a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate (1 gram da 100 ml na ruwa), wanda ya hada bayan lokaci, kuma ana wanke tsaba da ruwa. Wani zabin: nau'in abincin yau da rana a cikin 0.5% soda bayani (0.5 grams da 100 ml), ko na minti 8 a cikin 2 - 3% bayani na hydrogen peroxide, mai tsanani zuwa + 40C.
3. Tsarin aiki. Don mafi kyau germination, yana da shawara don nutsar da tsaba a cikin wani girma stimulant bayani na gina jiki (Appin, Zircon, Heteroauxin, da dai sauransu); Hanyar kiwo da kuma tsawon lokaci na hanya - bisa ga umarnin. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da hanyar da ake amfani dasu: nutsar da iri a cikin sa'o'i 12 - 24 a cikin wani bayani na ruwan 'ya'yan Aloe (1: 1) ko ruwa na zuma (1 tsp.) A cikin gilashin ruwa), bayan ajiye shi cikin firiji don kwanaki 5 - 6.
4. Jiƙa ko sprouting. Har ila yau, kafin shuka, za a iya kwantar da tsaba na tsawon sa'o'i 12 a cikin ruwa mai dumi (+ 25C), wanda dole ne a canza kowane 4 hours. Wani zabin: tsaba suna ci gaba da sauri, suna watsar da duk waɗanda ba su haifar da su ba. Don haka, an rarraba tsaba a kan fuskar fuskar da aka sanya a cikin farantin. An saka akwati a cikin jakar filastik kuma an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi (+ 23 - + 25Y) na kwanaki 3 - 5, lokacin da masana'anta ke buƙatar ruwan sha.

Shirya shiri

Yana da muhimmanci. Da manufa ƙasa don girma tumatir seedlings ne sako-sako da, haske, da drained, tare da acidity matakin 5.5 - 6.5 PH.

Don girma seedlings, za ka iya sayan kayan aiki da aka shirya a cikin kantin sayar da, wanda abin da lambu lambu ƙara ƙasa mai sauki lambu (1: 1) da kuma dolomite gari ko alli (1-2 tbsp da 10 l na substrate).

Zaka iya shirya maɓallin da kanka, ta amfani da ɗayan girke-girke:

1. Mix 1 ɓangare na humus, sod ƙasar, sawdust, peat, ƙara 2 tbsp zuwa cakuda. itace ash, 1.5 st.l. superphosphate, 10 g na hydrated lemun tsami;
2. ƙasa mai noma, peat, humus an haxa a daidai sassa, kadan ash da hadaddun taki suna kara da cewa a cikin cakuda;
3. turfy ƙasa an hade shi da peat, kogin yashi, perlite, fiber na kwakwa, itace ash a cikin rabo daga 2: 1: 1: 1: 1: 0.5, bi da bi.

Amma a kowane hali, ya kamata a kwantar da ƙasa, tun da yawancin cututtukan cututtuka sun ƙunshi. Rashin ƙazantar da ƙasa za a iya ɗauka ta hanyar zafi (yin gasa a cikin tanda (+ 180 - + 200-1) na minti 30 ko dumama a cikin inji na lantarki don 1 - 2 mintuna a ikon 850) ko kuma bi da shi tare da masu ƙwayoyi kamar yadda umarnin suka yi. A matsayin wani zaɓi: za ka iya zub da ruwan zãfi ko haske ruwan hoda na potassium permanganate.

Yadda za a shuka tsaba a gida?

1. A kasan akwatin, wani lakabin malalewa tare da kauri daga 0.5-1 cm an cika (ƙwararɗa mai yalwa, kananan pebbles, eggshell, wanda zai samar da ƙarin abinci).
2. Ƙasa ta cika ta 2/3 na rukuni.
3. Ƙasa tana da kyau a zubar da ruwa (ana iya narke) ruwan dumi.
4. A gefe ya zama wajibi ne don yin tsagi tare da zurfin 1 cm (domin nau'in iri-iri) ko 0.5 cm (ga kananan nau'o'i), nisa tsakanin su shine 3-4 cm A matsayin zabin: sanya ramuka tare da siginar zurfi a cikin fensir, amma a cikin hanya mai nisa (distance tsakanin rami - 3-4 cm).
5. Tsaba ya rushe tare da tsaunuka a nesa da 1 - 2 cm, yafa masa ƙasa tare da ƙasa, wanda aka lalata ta hannun hannu, kuma ya shayar da kwalba mai laushi.
6. Dole ne a rufe akwati da gilashi, fim ko murfi, sa'an nan kuma sanya shi cikin wuri mai dumi (+ 25C - + 30C).
7. Dole ne a cire tsari na tsari don iska.
8. Bayan bayyanar sabbin furanni (bayan kwanaki 7-10), za'a iya cire fim ɗin, za a sauke da damar zuwa taga sill, za'a rage yawan zazzabi zuwa + 16 - + 18.

Sa'an nan kuma zaka iya kallon bidiyon akan yadda ake shuka tumatir tsaba a cikin akwati:

Kula da seedlings bayan dasa

• Haske. Yawancin rana da aka bada shawarar don seedlings ya zama akalla sa'o'i 10. In ba haka ba, za a gama haskaka tare da phytolamp.
• Yanayin yanayin zafi. Tsawanin zafin rana da aka yi shawarar shine +16 - + 20C, dare - +13 - + 15C.
• Watering. Na farko da ruwa ya yi tare da bayyanar sabbin furanni (1 kopin ruwa mai dumi da akwati (+ 22Y), na biyu da kuma sauran ruwa kamar yadda ake buƙata: yana da mahimmanci kada a yarda da bushewa, amma yawancin ruwa zai iya rushe tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire. : hotter, mafi yawan shayarwa.
• Fresh iska. Idan za ta yiwu, ya kamata a fallasa fom din a cikin iska mai sauƙi ko dan kadan bude windows: wannan hanyar seedlings za su "taurare" kuma ba za su ji tsoron yawan zafin jiki zai sauko a fili ba.
• Top dressing. Bayan makonni 2 zuwa 3 bayan fitowar seedlings ya fara farawa. Zai fi kyau idan zai zama halitta kwayoyin taki dangane da takin, taki ko ciyawa; daga cikin wadanda aka saya, za a ba da amfani ga takin mai magani bisa ga acid humic da biohumus. Yawan shawarar da ake amfani da shi na taki shine sau ɗaya a mako.

Ta hanyar shuka tsaba da kula da seedlings bisa ga waɗannan shawarwari, a lokacin rani zaka iya samun amfanin gona na farko.