Don tabbatar da sakonnin sada zumunci kuma don samun girbi mai karimci daga gado na tumatir, wajibi ne a shirya shirya kayan shuka don shuka a cikin ƙasa.
Masana masu kwarewa sun san yadda za su sa tumatir suyi karfi da tsayayya zuwa yanayin zafi kadan kuma su karfafa su suyi girma. Wannan hanya tana hardening.
A cikin wannan labarin, za ku koyi yadda za kuyi kyau da kuma irin nau'in tumatir na bukatar wannan hanya fiye da sauran.
Mene ne kuma mece ce?
Hardening wata hanya ce ta ƙaruwa da juriya don dasa shuki kayan sanyi da kuma yanayin muhalli. Tumatir - al'adun thermophilic. A yanayin zafi mai kyau na ƙasa da iska, tsaba da basu taɓa yin shiri na farko ba sun mutu bayan dasa.
Hardening damar dasa shuki tumatir a cikin ƙasa bude wasu 'yan kwanaki baya fiye da saba., hanzarta samar da tsire-tsire, da kuma kara yawan juriya na tsire-tsire zuwa yanayin matsanancin yanayin bazara na Rasha.
Shin akwai sakamako?
Shahararren tumatir tumatir saboda yawan halayensa da tasiri mai kyau akan amfanin gona. Sakamakon:
Tumatir da aka tsiro daga nauyin da aka shuka yana bunƙasa kuma yana tasowa a ranar 10 °, lokacin da al'ada yakan dakatar da girma a 12 ° C.- An lura cewa tumatir daga taurare mai nauyin bada 20-30% mafi yawan amfanin ƙasa fiye da sauran.
- Tumatir girma daga tauraron dan adam sune kashi 40% kasa mai saukin kamuwa zuwa fungal da cututtuka na kwayan cuta (ciki har da marigayi blight).
- Hanyuna suna fitowa da sannu a hankali da kuma baya fiye da sababbin kwanaki 7-10.
- Shirye-shiryen tsaba bazai mutu ba ko da a lokacin raguwa, wanda ya ba ka izinin sauka 1-1.5 makonni baya fiye da saba.
Tumatir da aka tsiro daga nauyin da aka shuka yana bunƙasa kuma yana tasowa a ranar 10 °, lokacin da al'ada yakan dakatar da girma a 12 ° C.Manoman lambu sun lura da cewa magani na preplant yana shafar dandano 'ya'yan itatuwa: sun zama mafi kyau kuma mai dadi. Seedlings na tsaba da aka shirya a wannan hanya kuma mafi barga da mai yiwuwa.
Wace irin tumatir ya kamata a yi fushi?
Don ƙara juriya na tsaba zuwa yanayin muhalli, kowane nau'in tumatir ya kamata a taurare, ba tare da yanayin yanayin ci gaba ba: a cikin ƙasa mai bude ko a cikin wani gine-gine.
Duk da haka karin buƙata yana buƙatar girke iri iri iri:
- Sanka;
- Mawallafi;
- Marisha;
- F1 Legionnaire;
- Maxim;
- Cupid F1;
- F1 doll;
- Gina;
- Don Juan;
- Valentine;
- Benito F1;
- Fashewa;
- Alpha;
- Aphrodite.
Wadannan iri suna girma low (game da 50-60 cm) kuma sun dace da namo a tsakiyar Rasha.
Yadda za a tilasta: umarnin mataki zuwa mataki
Kafin ƙarfafa nauyin ya zama wajibi ne a hankali a rarrabe da kuma raba manyan tsaba na ainihin tsari. - kawai sun dace don ƙarin shiri. Sa'an nan kuma an cire tsaba a cikin jiki, toshe su kuma sai suka taurare.
Daga cikin hanyoyi masu yawa na tumatir tumatir kafin dasa, akwai biyu daga cikin shahararren: a cikin firiji da kuma yanayin yanayi.
Yana da muhimmanci! Hardening ba dace da tsaba crooked: saboda sakamakon sanyi, dasa kayan shuka germinated rasa haɗin gwiwar harsashi kuma fara rot.
A cikin firiji
Wannan shine hanya mafi sauki don shirya kayan dasa kayan shuka. Ya ƙunshi maganin gajeren lokaci na maganin tsaba tare da yanayin zafi.
Umarni:
- Ya kamata a yalwata tsaba da zafin jiki daga laima mai laushi bayan an sanya shi a cikin firiji, da zazzage yawan zafin jiki a gaba daga 0 zuwa -3 ° C.
- Leave for 20 hours.
- Cire daga firiji kuma barin a cikin dakin da zazzabi (game da 20 ° C) na tsawon sa'o'i 5-6 don dumi.
- Saka cikin firiji.
- Matsayi na sanyaya da dumama ya kamata a canza shi don tsawon kwanaki 5-6.
Tips don hardening tsaba a firiji:
A karkashin yanayin yanayi
Umarni:
- Wet fayull mai kumbura a buƙatar saka shi cikin zane ko saka a cikin jaka.
- Store a dakin zafin jiki na tsawon sa'o'i 12.
- Ka fitar da jaka na tsaba zuwa titin kuma sanya shi cikin dusar ƙanƙara na tsawon sa'o'i 12.
- Wannan sauyawa yana ɗaukar kwanaki 7-12, bayan abin da kayan ya shirya don dasa.
Dole ne ku tabbatar cewa yawan zafin jiki na dusar ƙanƙara ba ya fada a kasa -3 ° C, in ba haka ba tsaba zasu mutu ba. Don sarrafa yin amfani da ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin ma'aunin sanyi Ana ba da shawarar shuka masu shuka da kayan lambu a cikin dusar ƙanƙara a lokacin rana, kuma su kawo gida da dare - kawai wannan hanyar da za ku iya saka idanu da yawan zafin jiki wanda tsaba ke kan titin.
Yadda za a magance matsaloli?
Babban kuskuren da ke haifar da lalacewar dasa kayan:
- sanyaya bushe tsaba;
- da amfani da tsaba tare da rage viability (girbe fiye da 2 da suka wuce);
- iri iri.
Yanayi don samun kyakkyawan sakamako:
- Dole ne a tabbatar da cewa tsaba sun kasance da rigakafi a lokacin da ake tsanantawa, kuma dan kadan ya wanke su da ruwa idan sun bushe.
Kada ka soke kullun tsofaffi - bayan da mafi yawan kayan kayan dasa ya rasa hakin da zai iya shuka. Yawancin shekaru 1-2 ne kawai suka yi ƙarfin hali wanda bai riga ya rasa ƙarfi ba.- Sai kawai tsaba da suke kumbura bayan soaking suna taurare.
- Kafin wannan hanya, wajibi ne a raba da kuma kwashe dukan ƙananan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i na nau'i - irin wannan abu bai dace da dasa ba.
- Hardening zai ba da mafi kyau sakamako kawai a hade tare da wasu hanyoyin shirya (disinfection, bubbling, soaking).
- Idan ana saya tsaba, kana buƙatar bincika lakabin: sun riga sun taurare. Maimaita hanya ba zai iya zama ba.
- Don ƙarin cikakkun hardening, an bada shawara don sannu a hankali ƙara yawan lokacin zama na kayan shuka a ƙananan zazzabi - wannan hanyar za a yi amfani da tsaba zuwa sanyi sauri.
- A lokacin da kullun a kan titi ya kamata ya guje wa yanayi mai iska.
Kada ka soke kullun tsofaffi - bayan da mafi yawan kayan kayan dasa ya rasa hakin da zai iya shuka. Yawancin shekaru 1-2 ne kawai suka yi ƙarfin hali wanda bai riga ya rasa ƙarfi ba.Gyara ƙarfafa kwayoyin tumatir shine tabbacin juriya na amfanin gona zuwa yanayin zafi mara kyau da girbi mai dadi. Mutane da yawa basuyi la'akari da wannan hanya ba, amma don samun mafi kyawun sakamakon, tumatir tumatir ya zama dole.
