Yawancin lambu suna ƙoƙari su sami mafi kyawun abu da ba da ladabi don kula da irin tumatir, da maganin cututtuka masu girma. Ɗaya daga cikin nasarorin da aka samu na Turai iri-iri shine tsakiyar kakar Gina tumatir.
Dangane da halayensa, yana jin daɗi sosai a tsakanin mazauna lambun zafi da kuma lambu. Me yasa ya cancanci ƙaunar mutane? Amsar ita ce cikin fasalin nau'ikan, wanda zaku sami daga baya a cikin labarin.
Har ila yau, za mu gabatar da fahimtar manyan halaye, halaye na noma da kulawa, da ikon yin tsayayya da cututtuka.
Tumatir "Gina": bayanin irin iri-iri
Sunan suna | Gina |
Janar bayanin | Mid-kakar determinant iri-iri |
Originator | Holland |
Rubening | Kwanaki 110-120 |
Form | Rounded, dan kadan flattened |
Launi | Red |
Tsarin tumatir na tsakiya | 200-300 grams |
Aikace-aikacen | Universal |
Yanayi iri | 4-6 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Fasali na girma | Tsarin tsarin Agrotechnika |
Cutar juriya | Tsayayya da cututtuka masu girma |
Bari mu fara da bayanin tumatir "Gina". An janye shi kwanan nan, amma ya riga ya sami karbuwa da shahararrun shahara. Ganye yana takaice, tsinkaye, tsaka-tsaka. Tsunin shrub ba daidaituwa ba, har zuwa 50-60 cm high, ya ƙunshi uku mai girma girma daga tushe kanta. Shin ba ya bukatar a garter, samuwar, pasynkovaniya.
Gwaran tumatir "Gina" suna da girma, tsaka-tsire-tsire-tsire, daga bayyanar farawa na farko zuwa cikakke cikakke na 'ya'yan itatuwa, kwanaki 110-120 sun wuce. Na farko buroshi fara da za a dage farawa sama 8 zanen gado, sauran - bayan 1-2 zanen gado.
Kamar mafi girma tumatir, ana girma a bude ƙasa, amma kuma ke tsiro da kyau a cikin wani greenhouse. Tsarin yana da matukar thermophilic, amma a kudancin kasar Rasha ana iya horar da shi a cikin wani nau'i mai nau'i.
Dama daga matsanancin zazzabi, don haka a lokacin da ya sauka cikin ƙasa, zai iya buƙatar ƙarin tsari na wucin gadi.
Aji yana da tsayayya ga marigayi blight, verticillosis, fusarium, tushen rot, TMM. Za a iya kai hari ta hanyar kwari. Akwai kuma nau'i na nau'i na shuka: Gina TST. Ta yi ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kamfanin kamfanin na Moscow na bincike "Search".
Tumatir na Gina iri-iri suna zagaye, dan kadan a kan layi, mai launin launi mai launin fata, babban, dan kadan ribbed, yana kimanin kimanin 200-300 grams. Adadin ɗakuna a cikin 'ya'yan itace ne 6-8. Bambancin kashi na kwayar bushe da tumatir shine kashi 5%.
Kwatanta nauyin nau'in 'ya'yan itace tare da wasu zai iya zama a teburin da ke ƙasa:
Sunan suna | Nauyin nauyin abinci |
Gina | 200-300 grams |
Gold Stream | 80 grams |
Mu'ujizan kirfa | 90 grams |
Locomotive | 120-150 grams |
Shugaba 2 | 300 grams |
Leopold | 80-100 grams |
Katyusha | 120-150 grams |
Aphrodite F1 | 90-110 grams |
Aurora F1 | 100-140 grams |
Annie F1 | 95-120 grams |
Bony m | 75-100 |
Fatar jiki mai haske ne, m. Abin dandano yana da dadi, mai dadi, tare da kadan. Naman jiki ne mai taushi, mai laushi, mai ban sha'awa da m. Tumatir na da kyau kwarai, ko da, kyau. Yi haƙuri ga sufuri na dogon lokaci, tsawon adana.
Idan an saka wadannan tumatir a cikin ganga gilashin bakararre, an kulle ta da murfi kuma a saka sanyi, to, za su rike sabanin su, bayyanar da dandano har tsawon watanni uku. Tare da ajiya mai kyau, tumatir bazai rasa hajar kasuwancin su kuma dandana mai girma don dogon lokaci. Fruiting tsawo, ba sada zumunci, miƙa. Game da 3-5 'ya'yan itatuwa samar a kan daya goga.
Za mu kuma gaya muku game da dukkan hanyoyin kare kariya daga marigayi da cututtuka irin su Alternaria, Fusarium da Verticilliasis.
Hotuna
Kuma yanzu muna bayar don ganin hotuna na Gina tumatir iri-iri.
Halaye
Gina shine nau'in Yaren mutanen Holland. An hada Gina a cikin Jihar Register na Rasha a shekara ta 2000 don ci gaba a cikin ƙasa, a cikin greenhouses da kuma a karkashin wuraren kima na fim din. Noma na tumatir Gina ana gudanar da shi a yankuna kudancin Rasha, Ukraine da Moldova. A can ya girma da kyau ba tare da tsari ba, a fili. Yanayin yanayin haɗari mai tsanani zai buƙaci noma.
Tumatir na alƙawari na duniya: da kyau dai sun dace da samar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, ketchup, manna. Za a iya amfani da shi don salads, pickles. Saboda lokacin farin ciki, m fata, ana amfani da su sau da yawa don canning, pickling.
Da iri-iri yana da amfani sosai. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, dacewa mai dacewa, yin amfani da takin, daga wani daji zai iya tattarawa zuwa kilogiram na 3-4 na manyan, dadi tumatir. Gina yana daya daga cikin mafi yawan itatuwan tumatir masu girma irin na Turai.
Ana gabatar da yawancin iri a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa:
Sunan suna | Yawo |
Gina | 4-6 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Mai tsaron lokaci | 4-6 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Amurka ribbed | 5.5 daga wani daji |
De Barao da Giant | 20-22 kg daga wani daji |
Sarkin kasuwa | 10-12 kg da murabba'in mita |
Kostroma | 4.5-5 kg daga wani daji |
Mazaunin zama | 4 kilogiram daga wani daji |
Honey Heart | 8.5 kg kowace murabba'in mita |
Banana Red | 3 kg daga wani daji |
Jubili na Yuro | 15-20 kg da murabba'in mita |
Diva | 8 kg daga wani daji |
Amfaninsa:
- rashin amfani;
- Karin 'ya'yan itace;
- jure wa cututtuka masu girma;
- manyan 'ya'yan itatuwa;
- high yawan amfanin ƙasa;
- babban dandano;
- mai kyau transportability, kiyaye quality;
- 'ya'yan itãcen marmari dan kadan ƙaddamarwa lokacin da suke dafa.
- ba ya buƙatar a daidaita shi.
Fursunoni:
- daji za a iya kai hari ta hanyar kwari.
- yana fama da matsanancin zafi.
Ya dace sosai don masu shiga lambu masu son shiga da ba su da isasshen kwarewa a cikin gonar amfanin gona.
Fasali na girma
Wasu masu shuka iri suna da'awar cewa iri-iri shine tsakiyar kakar. Wasu rubuta game da girbi na farko. Domin yanayi daban-daban na yanayi, lokaci mai tsabta zai iya bambanta daga 85 zuwa 120 days. Tare da kayan lambu na greenhouse, ripening zai kasance farkon.
Wadannan tumatir suna da shawarar da za su girma ta hanyar seedlings. Mafi kyawun lokaci na shuka tsaba ga seedlings zai zama ƙarshen Maris.
Game da duk hanyoyi masu girma na girma seedlings tumatir, karanta articles a kan shafin yanar:
- girma a twists;
- a cikin asali biyu;
- a cikin peat tablets;
- babu zaba;
- a kan fasahar Sin;
- a cikin kwalabe;
- a cikin tukwane na peat;
- ba tare da ƙasar ba.
Shuka mai kula da yanayin zafi mara kyauSaboda haka, ana sanya bishiyoyi a wuri na dindindin kawai bayan da aka ƙin ƙasa sosai, a farkon ko tsakiyar Yuni.
A daidai. m wurare 3-4. Har sai sun sami karfi, yana da kyau a yi amfani da garkuwa ta wucin gadi don tallafi. Kusawa ko kafa wani daji ba lallai ba ne. Lokacin da girma a yankunan kudancin, an bada shawara a ba da kayan garkuwa, don haka bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa suyi a ƙasa. Zai iya kare tushen daga bushewa.
Kula da wannan tumatir ne mai sauƙi: watering, loosening kasar gona, ciyar, weeding. Na farko da ake amfani da ciyar da seedlings ana gudanar da shi bayan makonni 2 bayan dasa shuki a wuri mai dindindin. Bayan kwanaki 10, ana maimaita hanya. Na uku ciyar - bayan makonni 2, da kuma bayan kwanaki 20 - na huɗu.
Karanta abubuwa masu amfani game da takin mai magani don tumatir.:
- Organic, ma'adinai, phosphoric, ƙwayoyi mai mahimmanci da shirye-shirye don seedlings da kuma TOP mafi kyau.
- Yisti, iodine, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide, ash, acidic acid.
- Mene ne ciyarwar foliar da lokacin dauka, yadda za'a gudanar da su.
A lokacin flowering shrubs shayar game sau 2 a mako. Watering ƙaruwa a cikin lokacin ripening.
Cututtuka da kwari
Gina yana da cikakken maganin cututtukan tumatir, amma wani lokacin ana iya kaiwa ta hanyar kwari: aphids, wireworms, cedar beetles, grubs.
Ganin bayyanar aphids a kan ganyayyaki ne mai sauƙi. An rufe takarda da ruwa mai laushi, curls, juya launin rawaya. A alamun farko na lalacewa na shuka, zaka iya amfani da maganin magunguna wanda aka gwada (janyo albasa albasa, tafarnuwa, wormwood ko taba, ruwa mai sabulu).
Idan akwai karin kwari da yawa, to sai a yi amfani da rubutun magani. (Fasa, Phyto gona, Proteus, Karate). Wireworm, Medvedka, da kuma Khrushchi sun zauna a ƙarƙashin saman launi na ƙasa, suna lalata tushen tsarin. Wannan zai iya haifar da wata cuta, har ma da mutuwar wani shuka.
Ba za a iya gano kwakwalwa ta hanyar yanayin da ke fitowa ba. Yana dakatar da girma, ya ɓace, ganye ya juya rawaya, ya fadi. Yin aiki tare da sunadarai zasu taimaka a nan: Zemlin, Medvetoks, Corado, Antikhrushch, Konfidor.
Bisa la'akari da masu kula da lambu, Gina tumatir - daya daga cikin sababbin iri. Yana da sauƙin girma, baya buƙatar kulawa na musamman. Biyan ƙananan bukatun fasahar noma, zaka iya samun girbin kyawawan tumatir da dandano mai kyau.
Tsufa da wuri | Tsakiyar marigayi | Matsakaici da wuri |
Viscount Crimson | Buga banana | Pink Bush F1 |
Sarki kararrawa | Titan | Flamingo |
Katya | F1 Ramin | Openwork |
Valentine | Honey gaishe | Chio Chio San |
Cranberries a sukari | Miracle na kasuwa | Supermodel |
Fatima | Goldfish | Budenovka |
Verlioka | De barao baki | F1 manyan |