Fuchsia wani tsire-tsire ne mai girma a cikin yanayin tsakiya da ta Kudu ta Amurka da New Zealand. Fuchsia na cikin gida wani tsire-tsire ne, yana da nau'o'in iri da yawa. An horar da shi cikin al'ada har tsawon shekaru 200, kuma masu shuka furanni suna kira "lantarki na Japan" ko "ballerina".
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, fuchsia yana da bayyanar wani daji tare da m rassan. Ganye na tsire-tsire masu kore ne ko m, suna da muni, dan kadan aka nuna su da ƙuƙuka a gefuna. Furen suna kunshe da calyx da haɓaka mai kwakwalwa tare da gefe mai gefe. A shuka blooms ci gaba da alheri drooping furanni. Sifofin sun fi tsayi fiye da calyx, lobes na calyx sun fi tsayi fiye da petals. Fuchsia furanni sun bayyana a tsawon pedicels, da launi ne farin, ruwan hoda, orange, ja, cream, Lilac da purple.
Fuchsia a cikin gidan baya buƙatar kulawa mai mahimmanci, amma mai sayad da furanni yana bukatar sanin wasu daga cikin hanyoyi a cikin wannan. Akwai shawarwari a kan zabi na seedlings, da kula da shuka a lokacin dormancy da flowering, transplanting da pruning.
Shin kuna sani? Fuchsia kiwo yana da shekaru 200. A wannan lokacin, kimanin nau'i 15,000 da kuma hybrids na wannan tsiren sun kasance bred.
Yadda za a zabi fuchsia seedlings a cikin shagon
A cikin Stores, ana sayar da fuchsia ne guda ɗaya ko 3-4 cuttings. Ya dogara ne akan girman tukunyar da ake shuka. Zabi wani seedling, kana bukatar ka kula da irin wannan lokacin:
Ko dai an shuka shuka sosai, ta yaya aka yi amfani da furanni;- Ko dai injin yana cikin sharaɗɗa;
- Yana kama lafiya - duhu kore da manyan ganye, mai kyau da kyau bushes;
- Tushen bazai iya gani ba daga rami na kasa na tukunya.
Ko dai an shuka shuka sosai, ta yaya aka yi amfani da furanni;Yana da kyau idan seedlings a cikin shagon suna a cikin duhu wuri kuma ba ruwa da kyau. Kwayar irin wannan tsire-tsire na iya fadawa, kuma ganye suna juya rawaya.
Lokacin sayen fuchsia seedlings, yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar cewa babu kwari a cikinsu. Don haka kana buƙatar duba layin ganye, kuma idan babu alamu da maki, to, duk abin komai ne. Har ila yau, bayan girgizawar tsire-tsire, ba za a iya tashi daga cikin shi ba, yana da wuyar kawar da su.
Fuchsia kulawa a gida
Kula da fuchsia a gida yana da sauki. Akwai wasu asirin kula da fuchsia, kuma dukansu suna da sauki.
Fuchsia yana ƙaunar dakunan dakunan sanyi, a lokacin rani zazzabi kada ya wuce digiri 20. Ga ta dacewa ta arewa ko gabas. A lokacin rani, dole ne a sami ingancin daga abubuwan da ke ciki; idan ya yiwu, yana buƙatar samar da wuri a kan baranda ko a cikin tsakar gida, inda kawai da safe zasu haskaka rana. Sauran rana fuchsias mafi kyau ya kasance cikin m inuwa. Idan babu wasu zaɓuɓɓuka don ajiye shuka a gidan a cikin haske tare da hasken rana, fuchsia ma yana jin dadi a karkashin haske artificial.
Watering da shuka ya zama na yau da kullum, wanda yake da mahimmanci a lokacin girma da kuma flowering. Dole ne a tace ko kare ruwa. Ruwan ruwa a lokacin rani yana da matukar taimako, yana rayar da shuka. Har ila yau, za a iya samun haɓakar iska ta wurin ajiye tukunyar tukunya a cikin kwanon rufi da ruwa.
Yana da muhimmanci! Idan ganye sun shuka, ba dole sai a shayar da su ba, har ma a yada su da ruwa. Bayan wadannan hanyoyi, fuchsia an rufe shi da kayan da ba a saka - anyi wannan ne don mayar da adadi na ganye.
Daga bazara zuwa kaka, lokaci na ci gaban girma, haifuwa da furancin shuka. Wajibi ne a kula da yadda za a ciyar da fuchsia a cikin bazara, saboda wannan zai taka rawar gani a cikin lokacin aiki na shuka. A lokacin flowering ga flower fĩfĩtaccen takin mai magani dauke da mai yawa potassium da phosphorus.
Tare da kulawa mai kyau, na cikin furanni na cikin gida zai ji dadin mai shi saboda shekaru masu yawa tare da furanni masu kyau.
Sakamakon kulawa a lokacin flowering
Lokacin da fuchsia blooms, akwai wasu shawarwari na musamman don kula da shi. A lokacin flowering flowering, watering ya kamata ya isa da na yau da kullum. Gishiri mai laushi a cikin tushen bai dace ba, amma ya wajaba a shayar da tsire-tsire bayan gurasar ta bushe.
Fuchsia yana da saurin canji, musamman ma a lokacin flowering ba za ku iya yin kwaskwarima ba kuma juya itace. Irin waɗannan ayyuka suna da mummunar damuwa da furanni da buds.
Yawancin tsire-tsire ba za a iya transplanted a lokacin flowering, wannan doka shafi fuchsia. Game da ciyar, alal misali, Kemira Lux taki ya ƙunshi nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, iron, tutiya, manganese, boron, jan ƙarfe, molybdenum. Yana da kyau sosai don ciyar da fuchsia. Daga lokacin da buds suka bayyana, zaka iya shayar da fuchsia tare da taki ruwa don tsire-tsire iri guda a mako.
Shin kuna sani? Idan furen ya raunana, kuma sabon ganye ya zama karami, wannan ya nuna cewa yana bukatar ciyar da shuka.
Canji da kuma pruning fuchsia
Tsarin fuchsia kamar yadda ake bukata. Yana faruwa bayan sayan shuka, kuma kamar yadda tukunya ya zama ƙananan. Ƙasa don fuchsia ya ƙunshi sod da ƙwayar ƙasa, yashi, peat da humus, wanda aka dauka a daidai sassa. Zaka iya amfani da ƙasa mai tsabta don tsire-tsire. Yana da mahimmanci a saka malalewa akan kasa na tukunya.
A matsayin mai sita, ana iya amfani da yumbu da aka ƙaddamar da shi, a saman abin da aka sa ƙasa. An shuka shuka a cikin tukunya guda daya tare da dunƙan ƙasa wanda ya girma. Sauran raƙuman ruwa sun cika da ruwan magani.
Bayan an dasa fuchsia a kan haske, yanke tsawon tsawon mai tushe ta kashi daya bisa uku, shayar da kuma daɗaɗɗe. Idan an aiwatar da hanya daidai, injin zai saki furanni da yawa.
Farawa da kuma samuwar fuchsia farawa a lokacin da tsire-tsire har yanzu yana da stalk. Wannan injin yana da filastik, sabili da haka ana iya ba da wata siffar - daji, mai ban mamaki, pyramidal, shtambovy tree.
Sabon fuchsia na sabuwar mallakar sau da yawa suna da tambaya a lokacin da za a yanke fuchsia. Ana bada shawara don yanke fuchsia sau biyu a shekara: a farkon Oktoba, lokacin da girma ya wuce, kuma a farkon Janairu. A lokacin farko pruning, an cire duk kayan ciki da aka cire. Yanke farashin 2 cm sama da barci barci. Na biyu pruning an yi nufi don karshe samuwar na kambi.
Lokacin da shuka kawai ya shiga gidan, yana buƙatar daidaitawa. Masu shuka furanni sukan yi mamakin lokacin da kuma yadda za su tsunkura fuchsia bayan sayan su yadda su dace da ita. Bayan an yi amfani da su da kuma dasawa, injin ya sake sabbin ganye. A wannan lokaci, kana buƙatar kyange saman shuka. Don yin shuka more flowering da leafy, sabon harbe kuma tsunkule.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yana da matukar muhimmanci a samar da fuchsia na iri ampel daidai. Za su iya samar da dogon harbe, idan ba su dasu ba a lokaci. Irin wannan harbe na fara kawai a iyakar. Idan an taqaitaccen, sababbin furanni zasu bayyana nan da nan fiye da makonni 3-4.
Yanayin mafi kyau ga tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire
A cikin yanayi daban-daban, fuchsia na fuskantar matakai daban-daban na rayuwarta da ci gaba. Bugu da ƙari, lokaci na ci gaban girma da flowering, kana bukatar ka san abin da za ka yi da fuchsia a cikin fall da kuma hunturu.
Idan a lokacin lokuta na ci gaba mai girma da tsire-tsire na ƙasa yana da muhimmanci sau da yawa, a lokacin rani an rage yawan nauyin ban ruwa, kuma a cikin hunturu an shayar da shi sau 1-2 a wata.
A cikin hunturu, yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗakin fuchsia ya kamata har zuwa 15 ° C. A shuka zai zama dadi a 8-10 digiri. Wintering fuchsia a cikin ɗakin yana yiwu a kan baranda ko loggia, amma ya kamata ka tabbata cewa yawan zafin jiki ba shi da yawa low. By hanyar, a cikin hunturu ba za ka yi takin fuchsia ba.
A lokacin hunturu yana da mahimmanci cewa an shuka shuka sosai. Bayan ƙarfafawa, a cikin sabon kakar fuchsia zai ba da yawan flowering, wanda zai šauki na dogon lokaci. Don inganta ƙarfin shuka, dole ne a datse shi kafin hunturu hutawa kuma cire dukkan kwari.
Hanyar hanyoyi guda biyu
Fuchsia za a iya yaduwa cikin hanyoyi biyu - ta hanyar tsaba da grafting.
Sake bugun by tsaba. Tsire-tsire iri iri yafi shayarwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa fuchsia girma daga zuriyar bazai riƙe halayen asalin shuka ba (yana da mahimmanci adana).
Lokacin da yaduwa da tsaba, wajibi ne don ware tsinkayen tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire ta kwari. Don yin wannan, cire waxanda aka cire daga furen unblown, yi amfani da pollen na mahaifin shuka a kan launi na pistil. Sa'an nan kuma an sanya zane ko takarda a kan furen, a ajiye shi da filaye da ke ƙasa da furen, wanda ke cire shi daga kwari.
Bayan girka, an yanke 'ya'yan itace don cire tsaba, wanda ya kamata a bushe a nan gaba.
Fuchsia tsaba suna tsiro a kan rigar yashi ba tare da sakawa ba. An halicci yanayi na greenhouse don akwati da haske mai kyau da kuma yarda da yawan zafin jiki. A cikin 'yan makonni, harbe ya kamata ya bayyana. Bayan 'yan watanni, tsire-tsire sun bushe, kuma bayan wasu watanni an dasa su a cikin tukwane.
Zuwa yanayi na waje, ana bukatar koyarwa da hankali, saboda ba tare da daidaitawa ba ga yanayin rashin zafi, za su iya bushe su mutu.
Sauya ta hanyar cuttings. Hanyar da ta fi dacewa ta hayar fuchsia - cuttings. Ana iya amfani da shi a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma bazara yana da lokaci mai kyau. An cire ragowar matasa 10-20 cm tsawo.Bayan da ke cikin ƙananan ƙananan an cire, kuma sauran an rage ta da rabi.
Don rooting, an sanya stalk a ruwa mai tsabta kuma an rufe shi da jakar filastik ko kwalban. A game da kwanaki 4-10, tushen ya bayyana. Babu buƙatar jira har sai sun kasance suna da yawa, ana iya dasa su nan da nan a cikin madara.
Yana da muhimmanci! Dole ne a dauki ƙananan matasan, tun lokacin da manya sun fi ƙarfin, kuma tsawon lokacin da suke da tushe ya fi tsayi.
Fuchsia cututtuka da kuma kwari
Fuchsias ba mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kuma hare-haren kwari. Yawanci sau da yawa matsaloli sukan taso ne a lokuta marasa kulawa da watering.
Fuchsia cututtuka da kwari:
- Akwai ratsan rawaya ko launin ruwan kasa a kan ganye a cikin hunturu - ma yawancin watering. Combat: yi watering matsakaici;
- Yellowness ya bayyana a tsakanin rassan ganye - manganese ya ɓace. Yi gwagwarmaya: ciyar da shuka tare da taki da ke dauke da nauyin da ake bukata;
- Dew saukad da ya bayyana a kan ganye tare da farin powdery spots - sakamakon da ma high zafi. Combat: spraying tare da tushe bayani;
Yellow ganye - ba isa magnesium da nitrogen. Yi yãƙi: takin shuka tare da kayan gina jiki wanda ke dauke da abubuwan da ake bukata;- Falling ganye - kasa watering, kadan haske, bushe iska. Gwagwarmaya: samar da yanayin jin dadi ga shuka;
- Buds ya fadi - tsarin rani ya kasa, fure yana damuwa yayin lokacin flowering. Combat: kada ku sake gyara tukunyar a lokacin flowering, normalize watering;
- Short flowering - rashin abinci, haske ko zafi da kuma rashin ruwa. Gwagwarmayar: ƙayyade abin da ke sama ya fi dacewa da dalili a cikin wani hali kuma ya gyara halin da ake ciki;
- Gurbin Brown yana fitowa a cikin ƙananan ganye - cuta na tsatsa. Yi yãƙi: cire waxannan cututtukan ganye, bi da shuka tare da Topaz, kayar da kayan aikin da zasu hadu da shuka;
- Harshen fararen kwari - tsuttsauran kwari suna tsintsa tsire-tsire na tsire-tsire. Yi gwagwarmaya: wanke ganye tare da ruwa mai tsabta, kula da fuchsia tare da shiri na musamman.
Yellow ganye - ba isa magnesium da nitrogen. Yi yãƙi: takin shuka tare da kayan gina jiki wanda ke dauke da abubuwan da ake bukata;Yana da muhimmanci! Idan fuchsia ba ta yi fure ba, dalilin hakan shine rashin haske, kayan abinci, maɗaukaki a cikin dakin, yawan abinci.
Tips for growers
- A lokacin zafi zafi shine jin tsoron overheating daga tushen shuka. Maganar wannan matsala ita ce bunkasa furanni a cikin tukunyar yumbura mai ɗauka.
- Fuchsia yana da matukar damuwa da ƙaddamarwa, wurinsa ya kasance na dindindin. Idan fuchsia bai son wani abu ba, zai iya zubar da ganye.
- Lokacin da fuchsia bai isa hasken ba, zai iya faɗuwa a tsayi, amma ba zai yi ba. Ganin irin wannan yanayin na shuka, wajibi ne don gyara yanayin ta hanyar samar da adadin haske.
- Fure furanya da ƙwayar ba shi da daraja, saboda sakamakon wannan zai samar da launi mai laushi kuma, yiwuwar, kawai kamar furanni.
- Idan shuka ya damu da wani lokaci ta hanyar mummunan yanayi ko rashin abinci da ruwa, ana iya karfafa shi ta hanyar yaduwa tare da ci gaba da bunkasa.
