A matsayinka na mulkin, mutane basu da shakka cewa sukari gurasar kawai abu ne mai mahimmanci ga masana'antu, kuma manyan manya da gonaki ne ko gonaki suna shiga cikin noma. A halin yanzu, fasaha na noma sugar gwoza yana samuwa a kan lambun lambun lambun da ke da masaniya ga kowane mai mallakar ƙananan gonaki.
Sugar gwoza: bayanin
Sugar gwoza shi ne asarar sababbin gwoza. Sakamakon shekara ta farko na rayuwa ta wannan shuka mai shekaru biyu shine tushen kayan lambu mai launin fata wanda aka kara a tsawonsa kuma ya kafa ta rosette foliage. A cikin kananan gonaki, irin waɗannan beets suna girma ba don samar da sukari ba, amma don amfani da abinci a gida, kamar yadda yake ciyar da dabbobi da kiwon kaji, da kuma aikace-aikace na likitancin likita da shawarar da maganin gargajiya. 
A gaban gishiri kayan lambu, ban da sucrose, har ila yau babban adadin na gina jiki (bitamin B, C da PP, magnesium, iodine, baƙin ƙarfe da wasu ma'adinai da wasu abubuwa) sun haifar da tasirin su akan jiki, ciki har da cututtuka daban-daban.
Yana da muhimmanci! Yin amfani da sukari gishiri yana hana masu cutar da ciwon sukari.
Zabi na kasar gona don girma sugar beets
Sugar beets mafi girma samu nasarar tsiro a kan haskeccen nau'ikan albarkatun ruwa-acidyana da iska mai kyau da kuma dashi. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine chernozem. Gwaran da aka yi wa furanni da kuma kayan da za a yi da su suna da dadi ga sukari.
Ɗaya daga cikin muhimman sharuɗɗa don amfanin gona mai kyau da kuma yawan amfanin gwargwadon sukari na gaba yana samuwa a zurfin 0.6-0.8 m subsoil sararin sama tare da riƙe da ruwa Properties - Layer kusa da tsire-tsire mai tushe zai haifar da yanayi don samuwar rot, da kuma rage shi a ƙasa da matakin da aka ƙayyade zai rage karuwar ɓangaren ɓoye na gwoza.
Shin kuna sani? Nauyin kaya mafi girma a Somerset a shekara ta 2001 shine kilo 23.4.
Beet da suka rigaya a juyawa
Ba za ku iya dasa sugar beets a kan shafin ba bayan irin wannan da sauran nau'in beets, da kuma bayan shafuka, alayyafo, zubar da jini, fyade, camelina, mustard, gurasar daji, kabeji da kohlrabi, a karshe, bayan daji, radish da radish, kabeji da legumes. Wannan shi ne saboda mummunar haɗari irin wannan kwari.
Kuma a nan mafi kyau wanda ya riga ya kasance na sukari su ne alkama da sha'ir. Idan dankali da aka girma a kan shafin an samu nasarar barrantar weeds (suna da kwasfa tare da su), to, wannan ƙasa tana da dacewa don dasa shuki beets. Ga masu ƙira da ƙananan mãkirci, wannan zaɓi ya fi dacewa, tun da hatsin hunturu ba su da yawa a kan ƙwayoyi masu yawa.
Autumn da spring tillage
Gishiri na aikin gona shine farkon shirye-shiryen gadaje a cikin fall. Wannan shine lokacin da aka fara yin digiri. A cikin bazara, an lagula yankin ne a matsayin ma'auni na rigakafi don kauce wa damuwa da ruwa kuma har ma a rarraba a ƙasa.
Taki don beets
A ƙarƙashin lokacin da ake yin kakawa kasar gona don sukari gishiri dole ne a wadatar da shi, tare da mai karfi (kilogram 35 da dari) na naman alade, da takin mai magani na potash-phosphate (2 kg / sotka). A lokaci guda ko game da makonni biyu kafin shuka, an bada shawarar gabatar da abubuwa masu nitrogen (0.9-1.0 kg / sotka). Tare da yin amfani da nitrogen taki don beets ya kamata a yi hankali, domin nitrogen yana da dukiya na m jari a cikin asalinsu. Duk da haka, bayan dasa shuki, an yarda ta amfani da bayani na nitrogen taki a rabon 1.25 g da lita na ruwa don ban ruwa.
A hankali a lokacin shuka, granphosphate da aka gina (200 g / sotka) an kara ƙasa, 4 cm zurfi fiye da tsaba. Lokacin da amfanin gona ya samo asali, irin abubuwan da aka riga aka yi za su samu nasarar tallafawa wannan tsari. Don aikace-aikacen foliar da foliar, ana amfani da cakuda ammonia (1.5 l / sotka) kowace wata, kammala ciyar da makonni uku kafin ranar girbi.
Zaɓi na irin gwoza
Daban da kuma hybrids na sukari gwoza za a iya classified bisa ga sukari abun ciki. Bisa ga wannan alamar, ba su da tsaka-tsaki (babu tsaka-tsaki tsakanin yawan amfanin ƙasa da sukari) zuwa kashi uku.
| Sunan iri | Sugar abun ciki,% | Degree na yawan amfanin ƙasa |
| Yawo | har zuwa 16.5 | High |
| Sugar-samarwa | har zuwa 18.5 | Matsakaicin |
| Sugar | har zuwa 20.5 | Low |
Yana da muhimmanci! Lokacin sayen tsaba, kula da cewa girmansu bai kasa da 3.5 cm ba, in ba haka ba za ku rasa hadarin barin ku ba tare da amfanin gona ba.
Mafi shahara tsakanin masu aikin lambu da ke cikin wannan amfanin gona sune wadannan iri da kuma hybridsyana da alamomi masu kyau, da farko, ta yaya za a iya samun beets daga 1 hectare:- Sugar gwoza iriBoheme"Yana ba da albarkatu mai kyau (har zuwa 19%) abun ciki na sukari da matsakaicin kilogiram na 2 a yawan amfanin gona na 300 kg / ha (kashi 3 daga kowanne saƙa). Tsarin kwanakin Bohemia yana da kwanaki 80. Rashin damuwa ga rot yana ba da damar samun ajiya na dogon lokaci.
- Tushen gwoza iri "Bona"Kada ku auna nauyi fiye da 0.3 kg, wanda sau da yawa yana sauƙaƙa tsabtatawa ga ƙananan amfanin gona (100 kg / ha). Harshen sukari dan kadan ya wuce 12%, amma wannan nau'in yana da sauri (84 days) ripen kuma yana da ƙarfin jurewa ga fari, wanda yake da wuya ga irin gwoza.
- A Jamus matasan na nuna kyakkyawan yawan amfanin ƙasaAraxia"- 800 kg / ha tare da abun ciki mai kyau na sukari da kashi 16.4%. Wannan irin wannan yanayi ne aka samu, musamman, saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin tushensa babu kullun.
- Har ila yau, ya nuna juriya ga rashin tausayi da kuma 'yan ƙasar Jamus "Bigben", wanda, yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa na 720 c / ha, zai iya mamaki da abun ciki na sukari fiye da 17.5%.
Shin kuna sani? Magungunan gargajiya suna bayar da shawarar yin amfani da sukari gwargwadon kwanciyar hankali don sake sake jikin su.
Shuka beets
Shuka sugar gwoza tsaba a cikin bazara. Mai nuna alamar lokaci mai mahimmanci shine nasarar samun zazzabi na ƙasa na digiri 8 digiri Celsius a zurfin 5 cm. Idan tsaba kafin shuka don 'yan sa'o'i jiƙa a cikin wani bayani na itace ash, sugar beets zai hau sosai sauri.
Rashin zurfin dasa shuki daga 2-4 cm, dangane da ƙananan ƙasa, jeri na jere yana da 45 cm. Tsarin shuka zai iya aiwatar da shi a matsayin nauyin haɗin da aka shirya a baya tare da raƙuman ruwa na yashi da nau'in nau'in (10 kilogiram na yashi na 1000 tsaba). Bayan ya sauka a kan cikakken tsagi, an mayar da siffar ridge.
Yayin da tsire-tsire suka fara girma, an yi matakan biyu: na farko shine 5-6 cm, na biyu shine 15-18 cm. Na farko yawan watering ya kamata a yi nan da nan bayan shuka. Ƙarin magunguna an lura da shi sosai ta wurin inji idan an yi tare da sprinkling.
Kariyar kifi
A karkashin yanayin gida, ana amfani da ƙwayoyin daji a matsayin hanya na kula da sako, wanda, kamar yadda yake a cikin gonar dankalin turawa, yana da damuwa da lokacin cinyewa. Duk da haka, wannan zai ba da dama don kauce wa amfani da herbicides.
Idan amfani da hanyar kariya na sinadarin sune ya fi dacewa ko wajibi, to amma ana bada shawara don iyakancewa bayan fitowarwa (kawai don girma kakar) gabatarwar shirye-shiryen herbicidal dangane da fen da desmedipham. Ana aiwatar da aikace-aikacen ne kawai da safe ko da maraice, lokacin da yawan zafin jiki na kusa da ƙasa yana cikin iyakar 15-25 digiri. Dole ne a dauki la'akari da yanayin sama don la'akari da halayen yanayi ba ya faru a baya fiye da sa'o'i 6 bayan spraying.
Kwaro da cututtuka
Sugar gwoza yana rashin lafiya sau da yawa launin ruwan kasa ko marigayi rothaifar da naman gwari. Don magance shi, kazalika da duk wani kwari, daga cikin abin da aka fi sani da shi ne aphid da kuma gwargwadon ƙwayoyin cuta, a lokacin girma suna amfani da yin amfani da juna (spraying da irrigation) na furotin na Fitosporin da Fitoterm na kashe kai - shirye-shirye na halitta wanda ba zai cutar da ƙasa ba ba zai iya tarawa a cikin tsire-tsire ba kuma rage yawan amfanin ƙasa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da "Fitosporin" don amfanin gona da takin gargajiya, lokacin da suke yin shuka shukar shuka.
Girbi
Za ku iya fara girbi a ƙarshen Satumba. Lokacin da aka girbe gwanin gishiri, ana kulawa da hankali sosai ga mai da hankali akan kula da elongated kuma saboda haka yana da kullun kayan lambu. Lalacewar su ta karuwa sosai rage rayuwar rayuwa.
Don ajiya kanta, yawan zazzabi mai kyau shine + 1 ... +3 ° C. Amma zaka iya amfani da yanayin dabi'a, ajiye adadin sukari a cikin yanayin sanyi. Duk da haka, wannan ba zai yiwu ba ne kawai a yanayi mai tsananin gaske, tun da zazzabi za ta kasance mafi kyau a -14 ... -16 ° C, da kuma karuwa a kan -7 ° C na iya zama m don halaye masu kyau.
Idan babu dakin da za a iya amfani dasu a matsayin kantin sayar da kayan lambu, ana ajiye adadin sukari a cikin tashar gargajiya ko ramuka, an rufe su da abubuwa masu tsabta (bambaro, sawdust, ko dusar ƙanƙara mai tsabta). 
Sugar gwoza zai kasance mai kyau da kuma amfani a cikin nau'o'in salads. A cikin gida na yin burodi, ta iya maye gurbin sukari. Ciyar da abinci mai dadi tare da abinci kamar dabbobi. Kaji yana da sauri a cikin nauyin nauyi, yana da karin abincin abinci a cikin irin sukari, sabili da haka, an kara shi a cikin takarda don abinci. A hade tare da dukiyar magani, duk waɗannan abubuwa sun fi dacewa fiye da rage yawan ƙoƙarin da aka kashe a kan gonar sukari.
