A rare iri-iri na dadi karas - Shantane: halaye da namo

Daya daga cikin kayan lambu mafi yawan kayan lambu a Rasha shine karas. Kusan kowace gonar ke tsiro wannan kayan lambu.

Yawan shanu iri-iri - Shantane sananne ne a tsakanin mazauna rani don jin dadi da sauƙi na noma.

Wannan labarin ya bayyana dalla-dalla da fasaha na girma karas Shantane. Bayar da shawarwari masu amfani don kulawa da shuka yayin lokacin girma da kuma siffofin girbi a yankunan daban-daban.

Alamar da bayanin

Shantane iri-iri sun zo ƙasarmu daga Faransa. Wannan sakamakon sakamakon ƙetare wasu nau'o'in karas da ke girma a kasar. A cikin Rasha, wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin shahararrun amfani.

Bayyanar

Yawanci irin wannan karamin yana da haske mai launi. Wannan siffar tana kama da cikakkiyar mazugi tare da zane. Tsawon tushen shine daban - daga 10 zuwa 15 cm. Kayan lambu yana da haske da lokacin farin ciki kore fi.

Sakamakon siffofi na karas shine Shantane - ainihinsa ba kusan sananne ba ne. Yana da naman jiki mara kyau, amma yana da mai dadi, mai dandano.

Saboda yawan adadin fructose da beta - carotene Shawancin karamin yana da amfani sosai kuma ya ƙunshi babban adadin bitamin da abubuwa masu alama. 100 grams ya ƙunshi game da 9 MG na beta-carotene da 0.5 g na fructose.

Shuka lokaci

Shantane iri-iri yana ba da girbi mai kyau kuma yana ba ka damar girbe shi sau biyu a kakar. Ya hada da farkon da kuma tsakiyar kakar iri. Kada ku dasa karas a cikin fall, idan yankin yankin yana da matsanancin yanayi. Zai fi kyau a yi haka a ƙarshen hunturu ko a farkon spring, da zarar dusar ƙanƙara, kuma ƙasa tana jin dadi.

Seed germination

A tsaba na iri-iri Shantane da high germination. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana samuwa daga 70 zuwa 80%, wanda shine mai nuna alama.

Matsanancin nauyin tushen

Gurbin ɓangaren shanu na Shantane yana da yawa kuma mai nauyi, girman girman amfanin gona kuma yana da yawa. Sabili da haka, karas guda daya yana kimanin 150 - 200 grams.

Yawan aiki daga 1 ha

Shantane iri-iri da aka sani na da high yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tare da duk dokoki masu mahimmanci na namo, amfanin gona zai iya kai har zuwa kilo 10 a kowace mita mita da 100 ton a kowace hectare.

Ƙayyadewa da kuma kiyaye inganci

Shantane iri-iri iri-iri ana amfani da su a lokacin dafa abinci, da kuma yin magunguna tare da bugu da bitamin A da abincin dabbobi. Yana da abinci, masana'antu, kiwon lafiya da kuma aikin noma. Yawan iri - daga watanni 8.

Yankuna masu girma

Dangane da rashin lafiyarta da sanyi, shantane iri-iri yana dacewa da kusan kowane yanayin yanayi, don haka ana iya girma a cikin Rasha.

A ina aka bada shawarar shuka?

Shantane iri iri daidai dace da yanayi daban-daban yanayi. Amma girma shi a gida ba shine mafita mafi kyau ba. An bada shawarar shuka shi a cikin ƙasa mai bude ko a cikin greenhouse.

Resistance ga cututtuka da kwari

Halin halayyar iri-iri shine babban juriya ga cututtuka daban-daban da kwari. Ba kamar yawancin iri ba, yana da tsayayya ga ƙuƙwalwa.

Rubening

Dangane da sauyin yanayi, lokacin girka na karamin shantane zai iya bambanta. Lokacin girma shine daga 90 zuwa 120 days. Tushen ya fara a Agusta - Satumba.

Abin da ƙasa ke so?

Ga namo na karas irin shantane mafi kyau friable ƙasa mai gina jiki da kyau ozonation. Zai yiwu a inganta yanayin ƙasa tare da taimakon humus da taki. Ana iya hade da ƙasa, ya hada da chernozem. Yi la'akari da loamy da yashi ƙasa.

Frost juriya da transportability

Shantane iri-iri yana da matsanancin sanyi sanyi. Yana da unpretentious kuma sauƙi daidaita da yanayin zafi low. Yana da girma transportability, ba tare da rasa da kaddarorin masu amfani da dandano mai dadi ba.

Manufacturability for gonaki da kuma gonaki masu aikin gona

Wannan nau'in karas yana da babban kayan aiki, baya buƙatar ƙarin matakan da farashi don shuka da girma. Ya dace da ciyar da dabbobi saboda rayuwarsa mai tsawo da kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa.

Dabbobi na wannan jinsin

Da iri-iri da aka bayyana a sama ya ƙunshi nau'o'in kayan lambu iri-iri, irin su Royal, Kuroda. Mun lissafa su:

• Shanteane Squirish.
• Shanten sarauta.
• Darunok F1.
• Shantea Royal.
• Abaco
• Royal Chanson.
• Chantenay 2461.
• Kuroda Shantane.
• Beauty Maiden.
• Cascade F1.
• Moscow Winter A-515.
• Cupar F1.
• Canterbury F1.
• Katrina.
• Abledo.
• Chantenay ja zuciya.
• Red Cor.

Tarihin kiwo

Mahaifin karas na zamani, Shantane, shi ne karamin tsire-tsire masu launin fata a Afghanistan wanda ke da nama mai tsanani da bushe.

Masu shayarwa Faransa sun kawo sababbin nau'i-nau'i a sakamakon yawancin gwaje-gwaje a tsakiyar karni na 20. Yana da sauri watsa a ko'ina cikin duniya saboda yawan amfanin ƙasa, juriya sanyi da dandano mai dadi.

Differences daga wasu iri

Yawan sharadi iri-iri Shantane yana da siffofin fasali:

1. Yana da babban maɗaukaki mai mahimmanci, yana da babban girman.
2. Karas na wannan iri-iri dauke da yawan bitamin A da sukari.
3. Yana da rassa da yawa fiye da sauran nau'o'in lokacin da suka girma.
4. Wannan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'in karamin ba shi da haɗuwa ga tarawa na solanine, yana da girma da kuma nau'in kai tsaye.

Ƙarfi da raunana

Shantane iri-iri iri-iri yana da amfani mai yawa.:

• Yana da babban yawan amfanin ƙasa, iri-iri iri-iri da za a iya girma a yankunan daban-daban, marasa amfani a lokacin shuka da ajiya.
• Irin wannan karas suna da tsayayya ga mafi yawan cututtuka na kowa da kuma hare-hare.
• Wannan iri-iri ne na duniya - ana iya amfani da su duka don amfani da don abincin dabbobi.

Duk da haka, tare da girbiyar girbi, dandano da bayyanar tushen amfanin gona sun ɓace. Yana da mahimmanci a tsara tsarin ajiyar ajiya na cikakke.

Yakin kwanakin

Ka'idojin dasa shuki karami Shantane ya bambanta dangane da yankuna. Ya kamata a dasa shuruwa a farkon watan Maris ko tsakiyar lokacin rani, da kuma tsakiyar rani - a tsakiyar bazara.

Shiri

Fara shirya don dasa tsaba ya kamata 4-5 days kafin shi. An sanya tsaba a kan gwargwadon gasasshen kuma an shayar da ruwa. Hakanan zaka iya jiƙa su da yawa a cikin wani bayani na potassium permanganate. Don shirya ƙasa don dasa shuki, kana buƙatar tono wasu gadaje mara kyau kuma ka sanya humus tare da ƙasa a cikin rabo na 1: 4.

Tsarin aiki

Kafin dasa shuki a gado na gado, wajibi ne don yin furrows game da zurfin zurfin mita 3 a nesa na 15-20 cm daga juna da kuma shayar da su. Ana iya yayyafa tsaba tare da sitaci don sun fi rabuwa da juna.da kuma saukar da su tare da tweezers. Nisa tsakanin tsaba shine 2-3 cm.

Kula

1. Domin samun girbi mai kyau, kana buƙatar tsawaita ƙasa kullum. Zai fi kyau a yi wannan sau ɗaya a mako, kuna guje wa samuwar lumps.
2. Ya kamata a cire mabancen da aka samo asali bayan wani lokaci a kowane kwanakin 5-6.
3. Lokacin da kamfanonin farko suka bayyana, an yi shi ne. Yawan nisa zuwa 3 zuwa 4 cm an bar tsakanin su. Ana yin aikin na biyu a bayan makonni uku.
4. Watau shuke-shuke na bukatar sau 1-2 a mako, amma bayan 'yan makonni kafin girbi, an dakatar da watering.

Girbi da ajiya

Ana amfani da girbi a watan Satumba - Oktoba. Yana da muhimmanci a tattara shi a lokaci don kada ya gamsar da dandano. Bayan fitowar sabbin furanni suna buƙatar ƙidaya makonni 15. Wannan shine lokaci mafi kyau don tattara karas.

Cututtuka da kwari

Shantane iri-iri iri-iri suna da wuya a fallasa su da cututtuka da cututtuka.. Wasu jinsunan suna da saukin kamuwa da kwari.

Don rigakafin cututtuka da bayyanar kwari suna buƙatar cututtukan tsaba kafin dasa shuki kuma zaɓi wuri mai kyau, tare da hasken rana.

Matsalar girma da mafita

Da rashin kula da amfanin gona, matsaloli masu yawa zasu iya tashi.

• Idan tsire ya zama na bakin ciki, kuma amfanin gona ba shi da sauri don bayyana, tushen matsalar zai iya zama karya a cikin rashin weeding. Sabili da haka, wajibi ne a ci gaba da ciyawa da ƙananan gadaje.
• Wani matsala na kowa shine jiki mai tsayi da rashin dandano. Don kauce wa wannan, yana da muhimmanci ga karas da ruwa fiye da sau da yawa.
• Idan 'ya'yan itatuwa sun kakkarye su kuma sun ɓace a lokacin ajiya, sai a rage gishiri.

Tushen Tushen Ƙari

Daga cikin nau'o'in karas, akwai wasu waɗanda, bisa ga wasu halaye, suna kama da irin Chantane.

1. Amsterdam iri iri iri yana kama da Shantane tare da siffar ɗaukar hoto. Alamar ɗaya ta bambanta irin nau'in Nantes.
2. Berlikum iri iri iri Ya yi kama da Shatana da farko tare da yawan adadin carotene da sukari, da kuma rai mai tsawo.

Duk wani lambu, ko da mahimmanci, tare da damuwarsa zai iya bunkasa amfanin gona na karas domin hunturu. Idan ka bi duk dokoki, sakamakon zai yiwuwa.